List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IV. Myology

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The subjects listed below are covered by the 4th chapter of the 1858 anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy.

Contents 1 Mechanics of muscle (Gray's s102) 1.1 Gray's page #361 1.2 Gray's page #362 1.3 Gray's page #363 1.4 Gray's page #364 1.5 Gray's page #365 1.6 Gray's page #368 1.7 Gray's page #370 2 development of the muscles (Gray's s103) 2.1 Gray's page #371 2.2 Gray's page #372 2.3 Gray's page #373 2.4 Gray's page #374 2.5 Gray's page #375 2.6 Gray's page #376 3 Tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae (Gray's s104) 3.1 Gray's page #376 3.2 Gray's page #377 3.3 Gray's page #378 4 The fasciae and muscles of the head 4.1 The muscles of the scalp (Gray's s105) 4.1.1 Gray's page #378 4.1.2 Gray's page #379 4.1.3 Gray's page #380 4.2 The muscles of the eyelid (Gray's s106) 4.2.1 Gray's page #380 4.2.2 Gray's page #381 4.3 The muscles of the nose (Gray's s107) 4.3.1 Gray's page #382 4.4 The muscles of the mouth (Gray's s108) 4.4.1 Gray's page #382 4.4.2 Gray's page #383 4.4.3 Gray's page #384 4.4.4 Gray's page #385 4.5 The muscles of mastication (Gray's s109) 4.5.1 Gray's page #385 4.5.2 Gray's page #386 4.5.3 Gray's page #387 5 The fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck 5.1 The superficial cervical muscle (Gray's s110) 5.1.1 Gray's page #387 5.2 The lateral cervical muscles (Gray's s111) 5.2.1 Gray's page #388 5.2.2 Gray's page #389 5.2.3 Gray's page #390 5.2.4 Gray's page #391 5.3 The supra- and infrahyoid muscles (Gray's s112) 5.3.1 Suprahyoid muscles 5.3.1.1 Gray's page #391 5.3.1.2 Gray's page #392 5.3.1.3 Gray's page #393 5.3.2 Infrahyoid muscles 5.3.2.1 Gray's page #393 5.3.2.2 Gray's page #394 5.4 The anterior vertebral muscles (Gray's s113) 5.4.1 Gray's page #394 5.4.2 Gray's page #395 5.5 The lateral vertebral muscles (Gray's s114) 5.5.1 Gray's page #396 6 The fasciae and muscles of the trunk 6.1 The deep muscles of the back (Gray's s115) 6.1.1 Gray's page #397 6.1.2 Gray's page #399 6.1.3 Gray's page #400 6.1.4 Gray's page #401 6.2 The suboccipital muscles (Gray's s116) 6.2.1 Gray's page #401 6.2.2 Gray's page #402 6.3 The muscles of the thorax (Gray's s117) 6.3.1 Gray's page #402 6.3.2 Gray's page #403 6.3.3 Gray's page #404 6.3.4 Gray's page #405 6.3.5 Gray's page #406 6.3.6 Gray's page #407 6.4 The muscles and fasciae of the abdomen (Gray's s118) 6.4.1 The anterolateral muscles 6.4.1.1 Gray's page #408 6.4.1.2 Gray's page #409 6.4.1.3 Gray's page #410 6.4.1.4 Gray's page #411 6.4.1.5 Gray's page #412 6.4.1.6 Gray's page #413 6.4.1.7 Gray's page #414 6.4.1.8 Gray's page #415 6.4.1.9 Gray's page #416 6.4.1.10 Gray's page #417 6.4.1.11 Gray's page #418 6.4.1.12 Gray's page #419 6.4.2 The posterior muscles 6.4.2.1 Gray's page #419 6.4.2.2 Gray's page #420 6.5 The muscles and fasciae of the pelvis (Gray's s119) 6.5.1 Gray's page #420 6.5.2 Gray's page #421 6.5.3 Gray's page #422 6.5.4 Gray's page #423 6.5.5 Gray's page #424 6.6 The muscles and fasciae of the perineum (Gray's s120) 6.6.1 The muscles of the anal region 6.6.1.1 Gray's page #424 6.6.1.2 Gray's page #425 6.6.1.3 Gray's page #426 6.6.2 The muscles of the urogenital region in the male 6.6.2.1 Gray's page #426 6.6.2.2 Gray's page #427 6.6.2.3 Gray's page #428 6.6.2.4 Gray's page #429 6.6.3 The muscles of the urogenital region in the female 6.6.3.1 Gray's page #430 6.6.3.2 Gray's page #431 7 The fascia and muscles of the upper extremity 7.1 The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column (Gray's s121) 7.1.1 Gray's page #432 7.1.2 Gray's page #434 7.1.3 Gray's page #435 7.2 The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls (Gray's s122) 7.2.1 Gray's page #435 7.2.2 Gray's page #436 7.2.3 Gray's page #437 7.2.4 Gray's page #438 7.3 The muscles and fasciae of the shoulder (Gray's s123) 7.3.1 Gray's page #439 7.3.2 Gray's page #440 7.3.3 Gray's page #441 7.3.4 Gray's page #442 7.4 The muscles and fasciae of the arm (Gray's s124) 7.4.1 Gray's page #442 7.4.2 Gray's page #443 7.4.3 Gray's page #444 7.4.4 Gray's page #445 7.5 The muscles and fasciae of the forearm (Gray's s125) 7.5.1 Gray's page #445 7.5.2 The volar antibrachial muscles: superficial group 7.5.2.1 Gray's page #446 7.5.2.2 Gray's page #447 7.5.2.3 Gray's page #448 7.5.3 The volar antibrachial muscles: deep group 7.5.3.1 Gray's page #448 7.5.3.2 Gray's page #449 7.5.4 The dorsal antibrachial muscles: superficial group 7.5.4.1 Gray's page #451 7.5.4.2 Gray's page #452 7.5.4.3 Gray's page #454 7.5.5 The dorsal antibrachial muscles: deep group 7.5.5.1 Gray's page #454 7.5.5.2 Gray's page #455 7.5.5.3 Gray's page #456 7.6 The muscles and fasciae of the hand (Gray's s126) 7.6.1 Gray's page #456 7.6.2 Gray's page #457 7.6.3 Gray's page #458 7.6.4 Gray's page #459 7.6.5 Gray's page #460 7.6.6 Gray's page #461 7.6.7 The lateral volar muscles 7.6.7.1 Gray's page #461 7.6.7.2 Gray's page #462 7.6.8 The medial volar muscles 7.6.8.1 Gray's page #463 7.6.8.2 Gray's page #464 7.6.9 The intermediate muscles 7.6.9.1 Gray's page #464 7.6.9.2 Gray's page #465 8 The muscles and fasciae of the lower extremity 8.1 The muscles and fasciae of the iliac region (Gray's s127) 8.1.1 Gray's page #465 8.1.2 Gray's page #466 8.1.3 Gray's page #467 8.2 The muscles and fasciae of the thigh (Gray's s128) 8.2.1 The anterior femoral muscles 8.2.1.1 Gray's page #468 8.2.1.2 Gray's page #469 8.2.1.3 Gray's page #470 8.2.1.4 Gray's page #471 8.2.2 The medial femoral muscles 8.2.2.1 Gray's page #471 8.2.2.2 Gray's page #472 8.2.2.3 Gray's page #473 8.2.3 The muscles of the gluteal region 8.2.3.1 Gray's page #474 8.2.3.2 Gray's page #475 8.2.3.3 Gray's page #476 8.2.3.4 Gray's page #477 8.2.3.5 Gray's page #478 8.2.4 The posterior femoral muscles (hamstring muscles) 8.2.4.1 Gray's page #479 8.3 The muscles and fasciae of the leg (Gray's s129) 8.3.1 The anterior crural muscles 8.3.1.1 Gray's page #480 8.3.1.2 Gray's page #481 8.3.1.3 Gray's page #482 8.3.2 The posterior crural muscles: superficial group 8.3.2.1 Gray's page #482 8.3.2.2 Gray's page #483 8.3.3 The posterior crural muscles: deep group 8.3.3.1 Gray's page #483 8.3.3.2 Gray's page #484 8.3.3.3 Gray's page #485 8.3.4 The lateral crural muscles 8.3.4.1 Gray's page #486 8.3.4.2 Gray's page #487 8.4 The fasciae around the ankle (Gray's s130) 8.4.1 Gray's page #488 8.4.2 Gray's page #489 8.5 The muscles and fasciae of the foot (Gray's s131) 8.5.1 Gray's page #490 8.5.2 The first layer 8.5.2.1 Gray's page #491 8.5.2.2 Gray's page #492 8.5.3 The second layer 8.5.3.1 Gray's page #493 8.5.4 The third layer 8.5.4.1 Gray's page #493 8.5.4.2 Gray's page #494 8.5.5 The fourth layer 8.5.5.1 Gray's page #495 9 See also

Mechanics of muscle (Gray's s102)

Gray's page #361

• unipennate
• bipennate

Gray's page #362

• origin
• insertion
• synergic muscles
• fixation muscles
• The Mechanics of Muscle

Gray's page #363

• The Direction of the Muscle Pull

Gray's page #364

• The Action of the Muscle Pull on the Tendon
• The Strength of Muscles

Gray's page #365

• absolute muscle strength
• The Work Accomplished by Muscles
  • physiological cross-section
  • maximum shortening
  • position of the joint

Gray's page #368

• The Action of Muscles on Joints

Gray's page #370

• Levers

development of the muscles (Gray's s103)

Gray's page #371

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Ventrolateral Muscles of the Neck
• Muscles of the Shoulder girdle and Arm

Gray's page #372

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Muscles of the Leg
• The Muscles of the Head

Gray's page #373

• Striped muscle (Voluntary muscle)
  • perimysium
  • epimysium
  • fasciculi
  • endomysium
• muscular fiber
  • sarcolemma

Gray's page #374

• muscle columns
• sarcoplasm
• areas of Cohnheim
• sarcostyles

Gray's page #375

• Dobie's line (Kraus's membrane)
• lines of Hensen
• sarcomere
• sarcous element

Gray's page #376

• capillaries of striped muscle

Tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae (Gray's s104)

Gray's page #376

• Tendons
  • organs of Golgi
• Aponeuroses
• fasciae

Gray's page #377

• fasciae
  • superficial fascia
    • white fibers
    • yellow elastic fibers
    • matrix
    • cells of areolar tissue
      • lamellar cells
      • Clasmatocytes
      • Granule cells
      • Plasma cells
      • wandering cells
        • pigment cells

Gray's page #378

• fasciae
  • deep fascia

The fasciae and muscles of the head

The muscles of the scalp (Gray's s105)

Gray's page #378

• Epicranius
• Skin of the Scalp
• superficial fascia
• Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis)

Gray's page #379

• Occipitalis
• Frontalis

Gray's page #380

• galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)
• Transversus nuchæ

The muscles of the eyelid (Gray's s106)

Gray's page #380

• Levator palpebræ superioris
• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament
  • palpebral portion
  • orbital portion
  • lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi)

Gray's page #381

• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi)
  • lateral palpebral raphé
• Corrugator (Corrugator supercilii)

The muscles of the nose (Gray's s107)

Gray's page #382

• Procerus (Pyramidalis nasi)
• Nasalis (Compressor naris)
• Depressor septi (Depressor alœ nasi)
• Dilatator naris posterior
• Dilatator naris anterior

The muscles of the mouth (Gray's s108)

Gray's page #382

• muscles of the mouth

Gray's page #383

• Quadratus labii superioris
  • angular head
  • infraorbital head
  • zygomatic head
• Caninus (Levator anguli oris)
• Zygomaticus (Zygomaticus major)
• Mentalis (Levator menti)
• Quadratus labii inferioris (Depressor labii inferioris; Quadratus menti)
• Triangularis (Depressor anguli oris)
• Transversus menti

Gray's page #384

• Buccinator
• suctorial pad
• pterygomandibular raphé (pterygomandibular ligament)
• Orbicularis oris

Gray's page #385

• lateral band (m. incisivus labii superioris)
• medial band (m. nasolabialis)
• philtrum
• m. incisivus labii inferioris
• Risorius

The muscles of mastication (Gray's s109)

Gray's page #385

• Parotideomasseteric fascia (masseteric fascia)
• Masseter
• Tooth cement
  • Cementoenamel junction
    • Cementoma
  • Cementoblast
    • Cementoblastoma
    • Cementogenesis
    • Cemento-osseous dysplasia

Gray's page #386

• Temporal fascia
• Temporalis (Temporal muscle)
• Pterygoideus externus (External pterygoid muscle)

Gray's page #387

• Pterygoideus internus (Internal pterygoid muscle)

The fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck

The superficial cervical muscle (Gray's s110)

Gray's page #387

• Platysma

The lateral cervical muscles (Gray's s111)

Gray's page #388

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • investing portion of the fascia
  • Above
    • parotideomasseteric fascia
    • stylomandibular ligament
    • sphenomandibular ligament
    • pterygospinous ligament

Gray's page #389

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • Below
    • suprasternal space (space of Burns)
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • carotid sheath
    • prevertebral fascia

Gray's page #390

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • prevertebral fascia
      • buccopharyngeal fascia
      • retropharyngeal space
    • pretrachial fascia
• Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle)
• Triangles of the neck
  • anterior triangle

Gray's page #391

• Triangles of the neck
  • posterior triangle

The supra- and infrahyoid muscles (Gray's s112)

Suprahyoid muscles

Gray's page #391

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
  • posterior belly
  • anterior belly

Gray's page #392

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
  • suprahyoid aponeurosis
  • submaxillary triangle
  • carotid triangle
  • suprahyoid triangle or submental triangle
• Stylohyoideus (Stylohyoid muscle)
• Omohyoideus
• Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)

Gray's page #393

• Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)
  • epihyal
• Mylohyoideus (Mylohyoid muscle)
• Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle)

Infrahyoid muscles

Gray's page #393

• Sternohyoideus (Sternohyoid muscle)
• Sternothyreoideus (Sternothyroid muscle)

Gray's page #394

• Thyreohyoideus (Thyrohyoid muscle)
• Omohyoideus (Omohyoid muscle)
  • occipital triangle
  • subclavian triangle
  • carotid triangle
  • muscular triangle

The anterior vertebral muscles (Gray's s113)

Gray's page #394

• Longus colli

Gray's page #395

• Longus capitis (Rectus capitis anticus major)
• Rectus capitis anterior (Rectus capitis anticus minor)
• Rectus capitis lateralis

The lateral vertebral muscles (Gray's s114)

Gray's page #396

• Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus)
• Scalenus medius
• Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus)

The fasciae and muscles of the trunk

The deep muscles of the back (Gray's s115)

Gray's page #397

• Lumbodorsal fascia (fascia lumbodorsalis; lumbar aponeurosis and vertebral fascia)
  • nuchal fascia
• Splenius capitis
• Splenius cervicis (Splenius colli)
• Sacrospinalis (Erector spinæ)

Gray's page #399

• Iliocostalis
  • Iliocostalis lumborum (Iliocostalis muscle; Sacrolumbalis muscle)
  • Iliocostalis dorsi (Musculus accessorius)
  • Iliocostalis cervicis (Cervicalis ascendens)
• Longissimus
  • Longissimus dorsi
  • Longissimus cervicis (Transversalis cervicis)
  • Longissimus capitis (Trachelomastoid muscle)
• Spinalis
  • Spinalis dorsi

Gray's page #400

• Spinalis
  • Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli)
  • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Semispinalis
  • Semispinalis dorsi
  • Semispinalis cervicis (Semispinalis colli)
  • Semispinalis capitis (Complexus)
    • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Multifidus (Multifidus spinæ)
• Rotatores (Rotatores spinæ)
• Interspinales

Gray's page #401

• Extensor coccygis
• Intertransversarii (Intertransversales)
  • Intertransversarii anteriores
  • Intertransversarii posteriores
  • Intertransversarii laterales
  • Intertransversarii mediales

The suboccipital muscles (Gray's s116)

Gray's page #401

• Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major)
• Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor)

Gray's page #402

• Obliquus capitis inferior (Obliquus inferior)
• Obliquus capitis superior (Obliquus superior)
• Suboccipital triangle

The muscles of the thorax (Gray's s117)

Gray's page #402

• Intercostal fasciae

Gray's page #403

• Intercostales (Intercostal muscles)
  • Intercostales externi (External intercostals)
    • anterior intercostal membranes
  • Intercostales interni (Internal intercostals)
    • posterior intercostal membranes
• Subcostales (Infracostales)
• Transversus thoracis (Triangularis sterni)
• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum breves

Gray's page #404

• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum longi
• Serratus posterior superior (Serratus posticus superior)
• Serratus posterior inferior (Serratus posticus inferior)
• Diaphragm
• Medial lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis medialis; internal arcuate ligament)

Gray's page #405

• Lateral lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis lateralis; external arcuate ligament)
• Crura
  • right crus
  • left crus

Gray's page #406

• Central tendon of diaphragm
• Openings in the Diaphragm
  • aortic hiatus
  • esophageal hiatus
  • vena caval foramen
  • lesser apertures

Gray's page #407

• Respiration, mechanism of:

The muscles and fasciae of the abdomen (Gray's s118)

The anterolateral muscles

Gray's page #408

• Superficial fascia
  • superficial layer (fascia of Camper)
  • deep layer (fascia of Scarpa)

Gray's page #409

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)

Gray's page #410

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)
  • aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis
  • linea alba
  • inguinal ligament
  • lacunar ligament
  • reflected inguinal ligament
• Subcutaneous inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis subcutaneus; external abdominal ring)
  • crura of the ring
    • inferior crus (external pillar)
    • superior crus (internal pillar)
• Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)

Gray's page #411

• Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)
  • intercrural fascia
  • external spermatic fascia
• Inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale; Poupart's ligament)

Gray's page #412

• Lacunar ligament (ligamentum lacunare [Gimbernati]; Gimbernat’s ligament)
• Reflected inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale reflexum; triangular fascia)
• Ligament of Cooper
• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)

Gray's page #413

• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)
  • inguinal aponeurotic falx

Gray's page #414

• Cremaster
  • cremasteric fascia
• Transversus abdominis (Transversalis muscle)
• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)

Gray's page #415

• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)
  • interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach
• Rectus abdominis

Gray's page #416

• Rectus abdominis
  • tendinous inscriptions
  • linea semicircularis
• Pyramidalis

Gray's page #417

• Linea alba
  • adminiculum lineae albae
• Lineae semilunares

Gray's page #418

• Transversalis fascia
  • deep crural arch
• abdominal inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis abdominis; internal or deep abdominal ring)
  • infundibuliform fascia
• Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis; spermatic canal)
• Extraperitoneal connective tissue

Gray's page #419

• Deep crural arch

The posterior muscles

Gray's page #419

• Fascia covering the quadratus lumborum

Gray's page #420

• Quadratus lumborum

The muscles and fasciae of the pelvis (Gray's s119)

Gray's page #420

• pelvic diaphragm
• Pelvic fascia
  • fascia of the Obturator internus

Gray's page #421

• Pelvic fascia
  • fascia of the Obturator internus
    • Alcock's canal
  • fascia of the Piriformis
  • diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia
    • anal fascia

Gray's page #422

• Pelvic fascia
  • tendinous arch or white line of the pelvic fascia
  • endopelvic part of the pelvic fascia
    • vesical layer
    • rectovesical layer
    • rectal layer
• Levator ani

Gray's page #423

• Levator ani
  • anococcygeal raphé

Gray's page #424

• Levator ani
  • Levator prostatae
  • Iliococcygeus
    • Iliosacralis
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Puborectalis
  • Sphincter recti
• Coccygeus

The muscles and fasciae of the perineum (Gray's s120)

The muscles of the anal region

Gray's page #424

• Superficial fascia

Gray's page #425

• Deep fascia
• Ischiorectal fossa (fossa ischiorectalis)
• Corrugator cutis ani
• Sphincter ani externus (External sphincter ani)

Gray's page #426

• anococcygeal raphé
• Sphincter ani internus (Internal sphincter ani)

The muscles of the urogenital region in the male

Gray's page #426

• superficial layer of superficial fascia
• deep layer of superficial fascia (fascia of Colles)

Gray's page #427

• Central tendinous point of the perineum
• Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)

Gray's page #428

• Bulbocavernosus (Ejaculator urinæ; Accelerator urinæ)
• Ischiocavernosus (Erector penis)
• Deep fascia
• urogenital diaphragm (triangular ligament)
• inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

Gray's page #429

• superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
• transverse ligament of the pelvis
• Transversus perinæi profundus
• Constrictor urethræ
• Sphincter urethræ membranaceæ

The muscles of the urogenital region in the female

Gray's page #430

• Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)
• Bulbocavernosus (Sphincter vaginæ)
• Ischiocavernosus (Erector clitoridis)
• fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

Gray's page #431

• Transversus perinæi profundus

The fascia and muscles of the upper extremity

The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column (Gray's s121)

Gray's page #432

• Trapezius
• Latissimus dorsi

Gray's page #434

• axillary arch
• lumbar triangle of Petit
• triangle of ausculation
• Rhomboideus major
• Rhomboideus minor

Gray's page #435

• Levator scapulæ (Levator anguli scapulæ)

The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls (Gray's s122)

Gray's page #435

• Superficial fascia
  • ligamenta suspensoria
• Pectoral fascia

Gray's page #436

• Pectoral fascia
  • axillary fascia
  • suspensory ligament of the axilla
• Pectoralis major

Gray's page #437

• Pectoralis major
  • Costocoracoideus
  • Chondro-epitrochlearis
  • Sternalis
• Coracoclavicular fascia (fascia coracoclavicularis; costocoracoid membrane; clavipectoral fascia)
  • costocoracoid ligament

Gray's page #438

• Pectoralis minor
  • Pectoralis minimus
• Subclavius
• Serratus anterior (Serratus magnus)

The muscles and fasciae of the shoulder (Gray's s123)

Gray's page #439

• Deltoideus (Deltoid muscle)

Gray's page #440

• Subscapular fascia (fascia subscapularis)
• Subscapularis
• Supraspinatous fascia (fascia supraspinata)
• Supraspinatus

Gray's page #441

• Infraspinatous fascia (fascia infraspinata)
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor

Gray's page #442

• Teres major

The muscles and fasciae of the arm (Gray's s124)

Gray's page #442

• Brachial fascia (fascia brachii; deep fascia of the arm)
• lateral intermuscular septum
• medial intermuscular septum

Gray's page #443

• Coracobrachialis
• Biceps brachii (Biceps; Biceps flexor cubiti)

Gray's page #444

• lacertus fibrosus (bicipital fascia)
• Brachialis (Brachialis anticus)
• Triceps brachii (Triceps; Triceps extensor cubiti)
• tendon of the Triceps brachii

Gray's page #445

• triangular space
• quadrangular space
• Variations
  • Subanconæus

The muscles and fasciae of the forearm (Gray's s125)

Gray's page #445

• Antibrachial fascia (fascia antibrachii; deep fascia of the forearm)

The volar antibrachial muscles: superficial group

Gray's page #446

• Pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Palmaris longus

Gray's page #447

• Flexor carpi ulnaris

Gray's page #448

• Flexor digitorum sublimis

The volar antibrachial muscles: deep group

Gray's page #448

• Flexor digitorum profundus

Gray's page #449

• vincula tendina
  • vincula brevia
  • vincula longa
• Flexor pollicis longus
• Pronator quadratus

The dorsal antibrachial muscles: superficial group

Gray's page #451

• Brachioradialis (Supinator longus)

Gray's page #452

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (Extensor carpi radialis longior)
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis (Extensor carpi radialis brevior)
• Extensor digitorum communis

Gray's page #454

• Extensor digiti quinti proprius (Extensor minimi digiti)
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Anconæus

The dorsal antibrachial muscles: deep group

Gray's page #454

• Supinator (Supinator brevis)

Gray's page #455

• Abductor pollicis longus (Extensor oss. metacarpi pollicis)
• Extensor pollicis brevis (Extensor primi internodii pollicis)
• Extensor pollicis longus (Extensor secundi internodii pollicis)

Gray's page #456

• Extensor indicis proprius (Extensor indicis)

The muscles and fasciae of the hand (Gray's s126)

Gray's page #456

• thenar eminence
• hypothenar eminence
• Volar carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi volare)
• Transverse carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum; anterior annular ligament)

Gray's page #457

• Mucous sheaths of wrist
  • Common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons

Gray's page #458

• Dorsal carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi dorsale; posterior annular ligament)

Gray's page #459

• Mucous sheaths on back of wrist

Gray's page #460

• Palmar aponeurosis (aponeurosis palmaris; palmar fascia)

Gray's page #461

• Superficial transverse ligament of the fingers

The lateral volar muscles

Gray's page #461

• Abductor pollicis brevis (Abductor pollicis)
• Opponens pollicis
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• first interosseous volaris

Gray's page #462

• Adductor pollicis (obliquus) (Adductor obliquus pollicis)
• Adductor pollicis (transversus) (Adductor transversus pollicis)

The medial volar muscles

Gray's page #463

• Palmaris brevis
• Abductor digiti quinti (Abductor minimi digiti)

Gray's page #464

• Flexor digiti quinti brevis (Flexor brevis minimi digiti)
• Opponens digiti quinti (Opponens minimi digiti)

The intermediate muscles

Gray's page #464

• Lumbricales
• Interossei dorsales (Dorsal interossei)
• Abductor indicis

Gray's page #465

• Interossei volares (Palmar interossei)
• Interosseus volaris primus

The muscles and fasciae of the lower extremity

The muscles and fasciae of the iliac region (Gray's s127)

Gray's page #465

• The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Iliac region

Gray's page #466

• Fascia Covering the Psoas and Iliacus
  • portion covering the Psoas
  • portions investing the Iliacus (fascia iliaca; iliac fascia)
  • iliopectineal fascia

Gray's page #467

• Psoas major (Psoas magnus)
• Psoas minor (Psoas parvus)
• Iliacus

The muscles and fasciae of the thigh (Gray's s128)

The anterior femoral muscles

Gray's page #468

• Superficial fascia
  • fossa ovalis (saphenous opening)
  • fascia cribrosa
• Deep fascia
  • fascia lata
  • iliotibial band (tractus iliotibialis)

Gray's page #469

• Fossa ovalis (saphenous opening)
  • superficial portion of the fascia lata
    • falciform margin
      • superior cornu
      • inferior cornu
  • deep portion

Gray's page #470

• Sartorius
• Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus)

Gray's page #471

• Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
  • Vastus medialis (Vastus internus)
  • Vastus intermedius (Crureus)
• tendons
  • prepatellar bursa
• Articularis genu (Subcrureus)

The medial femoral muscles

Gray's page #471

• Gracilis

Gray's page #472

• Pectineus
• Adductores
  • Adductor longus

Gray's page #473

• Adductores
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus

The muscles of the gluteal region

Gray's page #474

• Gluteal muscles
  • Glutæus maximus
  • Glutæus medius

Gray's page #475

• Gluteal muscles
  • Glutæus minimus

Gray's page #476

• Tensor fasciæ latæ (Tensor fasciæ femoris)
• Piriformis
• Obturator membrane

Gray's page #477

• Obturator internus
• Gemelli
  • Gemellus superior
  • Gemellus inferior
• Quadratus femoris
• Obturator externus

Gray's page #478

The posterior femoral muscles (hamstring muscles)

• Biceps femoris (Biceps)

Gray's page #479

• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus

The muscles and fasciae of the leg (Gray's s129)

The anterior crural muscles

Gray's page #480

• Deep fascia (fascia cruris)
  • anterior and posterior peroneal septa
  • deep transverse fascia of the leg
• Tibialis anterior (Tibialis anticus)
  • Tibiofascialis anterior

Gray's page #481

• Extensor hallucis longus (Extensor proprius hallucis)
  • Extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis
• Extensor digitorum longus

Gray's page #482

• Peronæus tertius

The posterior crural muscles: superficial group

Gray's page #482

• Gastrocnemius

Gray's page #483

• Soleus
• Triceps suræ
• Tendo calcaneus (tendo Achillis)
• Plantaris

The posterior crural muscles: deep group

Gray's page #483

• Deep transverse fascia

Gray's page #484

• Popliteus

Gray's page #485

• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Tibialis posterior (Tibialis posticus)

The lateral crural muscles

Gray's page #486

• Peronæus longus

Gray's page #487

• Peronæus brevis

The fasciae around the ankle (Gray's s130)

Gray's page #488

• Transverse crural ligament (ligamentum transversum cruris; upper part of anterior annular ligament)
• Cruciate crural ligament (ligamentum cruciatum cruris; lower part of anterior annular ligament)

Gray's page #489

• Laciniate ligament (ligamentum laciniatum; internal annular ligament)
• Peroneal retinacula
  • superior retinaculum (external annular ligament)
  • inferior retinaculum
• Mucous sheaths of the Tendons Around the Ankle

The muscles and fasciae of the foot (Gray's s131)

Gray's page #490

• Dorsal muscle of the foot
• Extensor digitorum brevis
  • congenital disorder Extensor digitorum brevis muscle in sole of the foot
• Extensor hallucis brevis
• Plantar muscles of the foot
• Plantar aponeurosis (aponeurosis plantaris; plantar fascia)

The first layer

Gray's page #491

• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum brevis
  • congenital disorder Flexor digitorum brevis muscle in back of the foot

Gray's page #492

• Abductor digiti quinti (Abductor minimi digiti)

The second layer

Gray's page #493

• Quadratus plantæ (Flexor accessorius)
• Lumbricales

The third layer

Gray's page #493

• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Adductor hallucis (Adductor obliquus hallucis)

Gray's page #494

• Flexor digiti quinti brevis (Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (foot))
• Opponens digiti quinti

The fourth layer

Gray's page #495

• Interossei
• Interossei dorsales (Dorsal interossei muscles (foot))
• Interossei plantares (Plantar interossei)

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy

Links to related articles v t e Muscular system (TA A04.0, GA 4.361) Topics Muscular tissue · Muscles of the human body Types of muscles Cardiac muscle · Skeletal muscle · Smooth muscle Other Unipennate muscle · Bipennate muscle · Origin · Insertion · Fascia (Superficial fascia, Deep fascia, Visceral fascia) · Tendon/Aponeurosis · Fascial compartment M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e List of muscles of head and neck: the head (TA A04.1, GA 4.378) Extraocular (CN III, IV, VI) oblique (inferior, superior) · rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) · levator palpebrae superioris (superior tarsal) Mastication (CN V3) masseter · temporalis (sphenomandibularis) · pterygoid (lateral, medial) fascia: Masseteric fascia · Temporal fascia · Deep portion: cementomaxillary tendon · Superficial portion: cementomandibular tendon Facial (CN VII) Ear auricular (anterior, superior, posterior) · temporoparietalis Scalp/eyelid occipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) · orbicularis oculi (depressor supercilii) · corrugator supercilii fascia: Galea aponeurotica Nose procerus · nasalis (dilatator naris) · depressor septi nasi  · levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Mouth levator anguli oris · levator labii superioris · zygomaticus (major, minor) orbicularis oris · risorius · buccinator depressor anguli oris · depressor labii inferioris · mentalis Palate/fauces (CN IX, X, XI) (except TVP=V3) veli palatini (tensor, levator) · musculus uvulae · palatopharyngeus (to pharynx) · palatoglossus (to tongue) Tongue (CN XII) extrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus/chondroglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus) · intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical) M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e List of muscles of head and neck: the neck (TA A04.2, GA 4.387) Cervical CN VII (superficial, PC): platysma CN XI (deep): sternocleidomastoid C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: longus (capitis, colli) C3–C8 (lateral): scalene (anterior, medius, posterior) Suboccipital C1: rectus capitis posterior (major, minor) · obliquus capitis (inferior, superior) C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: rectus capitis (anterior, lateralis) Suprahyoid CN V3 (medial): mylohyoid · anterior belly of digastric CN VII (lateral): stylohyoid · posterior belly of digastric C1 (deep): geniohyoid Infrahyoid/strap C1: thyrohyoid C1–C3: sternohyoid  · sternothyroid · omohyoid Fasciae Deep cervical fascia (Pretracheal fascia, Prevertebral fascia, Investing layer) · Carotid sheath · Alar fascia pharynx: Buccopharyngeal fascia · Pharyngobasilar fascia Palatine aponeurosis Pharyngeal raphe Pharynx pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) · longitudinal (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus) Larynx cricothyroid · cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) · arytenoid (oblique arytenoid/aryepiglottic, transverse arytenoid) · thyroarytenoid (vocal, thyroepiglottic) M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e List of muscles of thorax and back (TA A04.3–4, GA 4.397) Back splenius (capitis, cervicis) · erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) · latissimus dorsi transversospinales: (semispinalis dorsi, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidus, rotatores) · interspinales · intertransversarii Vertebral column: trapezius · latissimus dorsi · rhomboid (major, minor) · levator scapulae fascia: Thoracolumbar fascia Thorax intercostales (external, internal, innermost) · subcostales · transversus thoracis · levatores costarum · serratus posterior (inferior, superior) · diaphragm Thoracic cavity: pectoralis major · pectoralis minor · subclavius · serratus anterior fascia: Pectoral fascia · Clavipectoral fascia M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e List of muscles of abdominopelvic cavity (TA A04.5, GA 4.408) Abdomen/ wall Anterior/ lateral Muscle Abdominal external oblique · Transversus abdominis/Conjoint tendon · Rectus sheath (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis) · Arcuate line · Tendinous intersection Cremaster · Abdominal internal oblique Fascia Fascia/abdominal fascia: panniculus adiposus (Fascia of Camper) · stratum membranosum (Fascia of Scarpa) · Transversalis fascia (Interfoveolar ligament) Linea alba · Linea semilunaris · Inguinal triangle Inguinal canal (Deep inguinal ring, Superficial inguinal ring, Intercrural fibers, Crura of superficial inguinal ring) Inguinal ligament (Pectineal ligament, Lacunar ligament, Reflected ligament) Posterior Muscle quadratus lumborum · psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus Fascia iliopsoas fascia (Iliac fascia/Iliopectineal arch) Pelvis Muscle levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis) · coccygeus Fascia fascia/pelvic fascia visceral (Rectovaginal fascia, Rectoprostatic fascia) · parietal (Obturator fascia/Tendinous arch, Piriformis fascia) floor/diaphragm: Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm (Pubovesical ligament, Puboprostatic ligament) · Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Anococcygeal body M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e Thoracic diaphragm (TA A04.4.02, GA 4.404) General Central tendon · Crus of diaphragm arcuate ligaments (Lateral, Medial, Median) Openings major: Caval opening · Esophageal hiatus · Aortic hiatus minor: Sternocostal triangle · Lumbocostal triangle M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e Abdominopelvic cavity: Abdomen/Abdominal cavity and Pelvis/Pelvic cavity and Peritoneal cavity (TA A10, TH H3.04.08, GA 4.408 and GA 11.1147) Extraperitoneal space Retroperitoneal space · Retropubic space Peritoneal ligaments, mesenteries, and folds Abdominal From ventral mesentery Lesser omentum: Hepatoduodenal ligament · Hepatogastric ligament Liver: Coronary ligament (Left triangular ligament, Right triangular ligament, Hepatorenal ligament) · Falciform ligament (Round ligament of liver and Ligamentum venosum in it, but not of it) From dorsal mesentery Greater omentum: Gastrophrenic ligament · Gastrocolic ligament · Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery: Transverse mesocolon · Sigmoid mesocolon · Mesoappendix · Root of the mesentery Splenorenal ligament · Phrenicocolic ligament Folds: Umbilical folds (Supravesical fossa, Medial inguinal fossa, Lateral umbilical fold, Lateral inguinal fossa) · Ileocecal fold Abdominal cavity Greater sac · Omental bursa · Omental foramen General Cystohepatic triangle · Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space · Abdominal wall (Inguinal triangle) Peritoneal recesses: Paracolic gutters · Paramesenteric gutters Urogenital peritoneum Uterus/ovaries Broad ligament of the uterus (Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, Mesometrium) · Ovarian ligament · Suspensory ligament of the ovary Recesses ♂: Recto-vesical pouch · Pararectal fossa ♀: Recto-uterine pouch · Recto-uterine fold (Uterosacral ligament) · Vesico-uterine pouch · Ovarian fossa · Paravesical fossa M: DIG anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte v t e List of muscles of perineum (TA A09.5, GA 4.425) Perineum Anal triangle sphincter ani (externus, internus) Ischioanal fossa · Pudendal canal Urogenital triangle superficial perineal pouch (superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus) deep perineal pouch (deep transverse perineal, sphincter urethrae membranaceae) Middle Perineal body Fascia superficial fascia: panniculus adiposus (Fascia of Camper) · stratum membranosum (Dartos, Superficial perineal fascia, Fascia of Colles) deep fascia: Fascia of perineum · Buck's fascia · Perineal membrane/"Inferior fascia of UGD" "Urogenital diaphragm" · "Superior fascia of UGD" M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e List of muscles of upper limbs (TA A04.6, GA 4.432) Shoulder deltoid · rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) · teres major fascia: Deltoid fascia · Supraspinous fascia · Infraspinous fascia Arm (compartments) Anterior coracobrachialis · biceps brachii · brachialis Posterior triceps brachii · anconeus · Articularis cubiti Fascia Axillary sheath · Axillary fascia · Brachial fascia · intermuscular septa (Lateral, Medial) Other spaces (Quadrangular space, Triangular space, Triangular interval) Forearm Anterior superficial: pronator teres · palmaris longus · flexor carpi radialis · flexor carpi ulnaris · flexor digitorum superficialis deep: pronator quadratus · flexor digitorum profundus · flexor pollicis longus Posterior superficial: mobile wad (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) · extensor digitorum · extensor digiti minimi · extensor carpi ulnaris deep: supinator · anatomical snuff box (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus) · extensor indicis Fascia Bicipital aponeurosis · common tendons (Extensor, Flexor) · Antebrachial fascia Other Cubital tunnel Hand Lateral volar thenar (opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis) · adductor pollicis Medial volar hypothenar (opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · palmaris brevis Intermediate lumbrical · interossei (dorsal, palmar) Fascia posterior: Extensor retinaculum · Extensor expansion anterior: Flexor retinaculum · Palmar aponeurosis M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) v t e List of muscles of lower limbs (TA A04.7, GA 4.465) ILIAC Region / ILIOPSOAS psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus BUTTOCKS gluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) · tensor fasciae latae lateral rotator group: quadratus femoris · inferior gemellus · obturator internus · superior gemellus · piriformis THIGH / compartments Anterior sartorius · quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) · articularis genu Posterior/hamstring biceps femoris · semitendinosus · semimembranosus Medial pectineus · obturator externus · gracilis · adductor (longus, brevis, magnus, minimus) Fascia Femoral sheath (Femoral canal) · Femoral ring Adductor canal · Adductor hiatus fascia lata (Iliotibial tract, Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh, Medial intermuscular septum of thigh, Fascia cribrosa/Saphenous opening) · Muscular lacuna LEG/ Crus/ compartments Anterior tibialis anterior · extensor hallucis longus · extensor digitorum longus · fibularis tertius Posterior superficial · triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus, accessory soleus, Achilles tendon) · plantaris deep · tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior) · popliteus Lateral fibularis muscles (longus, brevis) Fascia Pes anserinus crural fascia (Anterior crural intermuscular septum, Posterior crural intermuscular septum, Transverse intermuscular septum) FOOT Dorsal extensor hallucis brevis · extensor digitorum brevis Plantar 1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) · 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis) · 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei) Fascia Plantar fascia retinacula (Fibular, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor, Flexor) M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3)