List of Super Bowl champions: Information from Answers.com

The winning Super Bowl team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy.

The Super Bowl is an annual American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League (NFL). The contest is held in an American city that is chosen three to four years beforehand,^[1] usually in warm-weather or domed sites.^[2] The winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game faces the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the culmination of the NFL playoffs. Before the 1970 merger between the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL), the two leagues met in a World Championship Game and Super Bowl III in 1969 was the first Super Bowl that carried the "Super Bowl" moniker at the time of the game.^[3] The NFC leads in Super Bowl wins with 22, while the AFC has won 21.^[4] The NFL and AFL each won two World Championships.^[4]

The Pittsburgh Steelers have won the most Super Bowls with six—one more than both the Dallas Cowboys and San Francisco 49ers with five wins each. The Buffalo Bills, Denver Broncos, and Minnesota Vikings each have lost a record four Super Bowls. Buffalo and Minnesota are both 0–4 in the Super Bowl. Five active NFL teams have yet to appear in a Super Bowl: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans (2002 expansion team), Jacksonville Jaguars (1995 expansion team), and New Orleans Saints.^[5] The Kansas City Chiefs and New York Jets have not appeared in the Super Bowl since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970.^[6]

1 Super Bowls by game
2 Super Bowl appearances by team
- 2.1 Teams with no Super Bowl appearances
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links

Super Bowls by game

Numbers in parentheses in the table are as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:

Winning team and Losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl.
Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
City column indicates number of times that that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.

National Football League (NFL, 1967–1970)	American Football League (AFL, 1967–1970)
NFL Champion^‡	AFL Champion^{^}
National Football Conference (NFC, 1971–present)	American Football Conference (AFC, 1971–present)
NFC Champion^*	AFC Champion^†

Game	Date	Winning team	Score	Losing team	Venue	City	Reference
01 I	01967-01-15 January 15, 1967	Green Bay Packers 01 Green Bay Packers^‡	2545 35–10	Kansas City Chiefs 01 Kansas City Chiefs^{^}	Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 01 Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum	Pasadena, California 01 Los Angeles, California^{[note 1]}	^[7]
02 II	01968-01-14 January 14, 1968	Green Bay Packers 02 Green Bay Packers^‡ (2)	1947 33–14	Oakland Raiders 01 Oakland Raiders^{^}	Orange Bowl 01 Orange Bowl	Miami, Florida 01 Miami, Florida^{[note 2]}	^[8]
03 III	01969-01-12 January 12, 1969	New York Jets 01 New York Jets^{^}	0923 16–7	Indianapolis Colts 01 Baltimore Colts^‡	Orange Bowl 02 Orange Bowl (2)	Miami, Florida 02 Miami, Florida (2)^{[note 2]}	^[9]
04 IV	01970-01-11 January 11, 1970	Kansas City Chiefs 02 Kansas City Chiefs^{^} (2)	1630 23–7	Minnesota Vikings 01 Minnesota Vikings^‡	Tulane Stadium 01 Tulane Stadium	New Orleans, Louisiana New Orleans, Louisiana	^[10]
04 V	01971-01-17 January 17, 1971	Baltimore Colts 02 Baltimore Colts^† (2)	2127 16–13	Dallas Cowboys 05 Dallas Cowboys^*	Orange Bowl 03 Orange Bowl (3)	Miami, Florida 02 Miami, Florida (2)
04 VI	01972-01-16 January 16, 1972	Dallas Cowboys 02 Dallas Cowboys^* (2)	2127 24–3	Miami Dolphins 01 Miami Dolphins^†	Tulane Stadium 02 Tulane Stadium (2)	New Orleans, Louisiana 02 New Orleans, Louisiana (2)	^[11]
07 VII	01973-01-14 January 14, 1973	St Louis Rams 02 Miami Dolphins^† (2)	0721 14–7	Washington Redskins 01 Washington Redskins^*	Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 02 Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2)	Pasadena, California 02 Los Angeles, California (2)^{[note 1]}	^[12]
08 VIII	01974-01-13 January 13, 1974	Miami Dolphins 03 Miami Dolphins^† (3)	1731 24–7	Minnesota Vikings 02 Minnesota Vikings^* (2)	Rice Stadium 01 Rice Stadium	Houston, Texas 01 Houston, Texas	^[13]
09 IX	01975-01-12 January 12, 1975	Pittsburgh Steelers 01 Pittsburgh Steelers^†	1022 16–6	Minnesota Vikings 03 Minnesota Vikings^* (3)	Tulane Stadium 03 Tulane Stadium (3)	New Orleans, Louisiana 03 New Orleans, Louisiana (3)	^[14]
10 X	01976-01-18 January 18, 1976	Pittsburgh Steelers 02 Pittsburgh Steelers^† (2)	0438 21–17	Dallas Cowboys 03 Dallas Cowboys^* (3)^{[note 3]}	Orange Bowl 04 Orange Bowl (4)	Miami, Florida 04 Miami, Florida (4)^{[note 2]}	^[15]
11 XI	01977-01-09 January 9, 1977	Oakland Raiders 02 Oakland Raiders^† (2)	1846 32–14	Minnesota Vikings 04 Minnesota Vikings^* (4)	Rose Bowl 01 Rose Bowl	Pasadena, California 03 Pasadena, California (3)^{[note 1]}	^[16]
12 XII	01978-01-15 January 15, 1978	Dallas Cowboys 04 Dallas Cowboys^* (4)	1737 27–10	Denver Broncos 01 Denver Broncos^†	Superdome 01 Superdome	New Orleans, Louisiana 04 New Orleans, Louisiana (4)	^[17]
13 XIII	01979-01-21 January 21, 1979	Pittsburgh Steelers 03 Pittsburgh Steelers^† (3)	0466 35–31	Dallas Cowboys 05 Dallas Cowboys^* (5)	Orange Bowl 05 Orange Bowl (5)	Miami, Florida 05 Miami, Florida (5)^{[note 2]}	^[18]
14 XIV	01980-01-20 January 20, 1980	Pittsburgh Steelers 04 Pittsburgh Steelers^† (4)	1250 31–19	St. Louis Rams 01 Los Angeles Rams^*	Rose Bowl 02 Rose Bowl (2)	Pasadena, California 04 Pasadena, California (4)^{[note 1]}	^[19]
15 XV	01981-01-25 January 25, 1981	Oakland Raiders 03 Oakland Raiders^† (3)^{[note 3]}	1737 27–10	Philadelphia Eagles 01 Philadelphia Eagles^*	Superdome 02 Superdome (2)	New Orleans, Louisiana 05 New Orleans, Louisiana (5)	^[20]
16 XVI	01982-01-24 January 24, 1982	San Francisco 49ers 01 San Francisco 49ers^*	0547 26–21	Cincinnati Bengals 01 Cincinnati Bengals^†	Pontiac Silverdome 01 Pontiac Silverdome	Detroit, Michigan 01 Pontiac, Michigan^{[note 1]}	^[21]
17 XVII	01983-01-30 January 30, 1983	Washington Redskins 02 Washington Redskins^* (2)	1044 27–17	Miami Dolphins 04 Miami Dolphins^† (4)	Rose Bowl 03 Rose Bowl (3)	Pasadena, California 05 Pasadena, California (5)^{[note 1]}	^[22]
18 XVIII	01984-01-22 January 22, 1984	Oakland Raiders 04 Los Angeles Raiders^† (4)	2947 38–9	Washington Redskins 03 Washington Redskins^* (3)	Tampa Stadium 01 Tampa Stadium	Tampa, Florida 01 Tampa, Florida	^[23]
19 XIX	01985-01-20 January 20, 1985	San Francisco 49ers 02 San Francisco 49ers^* (2)	2252 38–16	Miami Dolphins 05 Miami Dolphins^† (5)	Stanford Stadium 01 Stanford Stadium	Stanford, California 01 Stanford, California	^[24]
20 XX	01986-01-26 January 26, 1986	Chicago Bears 01 Chicago Bears^*	3656 46–10	New England Patriots 01 New England Patriots^†^{[note 3]}	Superdome 03 Superdome (3)	New Orleans, Louisiana 06 New Orleans, Louisiana (6)	^[25]
21 XXI	01987-01-25 January 25, 1987	New York Giants 01 New York Giants^*	1959 39–20	Denver Broncos 02 Denver Broncos^† (2)	Rose Bowl 04 Rose Bowl (4)	Pasadena, California 06 Pasadena, California (6)^{[note 1]}	^[26]
22 XXII	01988-01-31 January 31, 1988	Washington Redskins 04 Washington Redskins^* (4)	3252 42–10	Denver Broncos 03 Denver Broncos^† (3)	Qualcomm Stadium 01 Jack Murphy Stadium^{[note 4]}	San Diego, California 01 San Diego, California	^[27]
23 XXIII	01989-01-22 January 22, 1989	San Francisco 49ers 03 San Francisco 49ers^* (3)	0436 20–16	Cincinnati Bengals 02 Cincinnati Bengals^† (2)	Dolphin Stadium 01 Joe Robbie Stadium^{[note 4]}	Miami, Florida 06 Miami, Florida (6)^{[note 2]}	^[28]
24 XXIV	01990-01-28 January 28, 1990	San Francisco 49ers 04 San Francisco 49ers^* (4)	4565 55–10	Denver Broncos 04 Denver Broncos^† (4)	Superdome 04 Superdome (4)	New Orleans, Louisiana 07 New Orleans, Louisiana (7)	^[29]
25 XXV	01991-01-27 January 27, 1991	New York Giants 02 New York Giants^* (2)	0139 20–19	Buffalo Bills 01 Buffalo Bills^†	Tampa Stadium 02 Tampa Stadium (2)	Tampa, Florida 02 Tampa, Florida (2)	^[30]
26 XXVI	01992-01-26 January 26, 1992	Washington Redskins 05 Washington Redskins^* (5)	1361 37–24	Buffalo Bills 02 Buffalo Bills^† (2)	Metrodome 01 Metrodome	Minneapolis, Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota	^[31]
27 XXVII	01993-01-31 January 31, 1993	Dallas Cowboys 06 Dallas Cowboys^* (6)	3569 52–17	Buffalo Bills 03 Buffalo Bills^† (3)^{[note 3]}	Rose Bowl 05 Rose Bowl (5)	Pasadena, California 07 Pasadena, California (7)^{[note 1]}	^[32]
28 XXVIII	01994-01-30 January 30, 1994	Dallas Cowboys 07 Dallas Cowboys^* (7)	1743 30–13	Buffalo Bills 04 Buffalo Bills^† (4)	Georgia Dome 01 Georgia Dome	Atlanta, Georgia 01 Atlanta, Georgia	^[33]
29 XXIX	01995-01-29 January 29, 1995	San Francisco 49ers 05 San Francisco 49ers^* (5)	2375 49–26	San Diego Chargers 01 San Diego Chargers^†	Dolphin Stadium 02 Joe Robbie Stadium (2)^{[note 4]}	Miami, Florida 07 Miami, Florida (7)^{[note 2]}	^[34]
30 XXX	01996-01-28 January 28, 1996	Dallas Cowboys 08 Dallas Cowboys^* (8)	1044 27–17	Pittsburgh Steelers 04 Pittsburgh Steelers^† (5)	Sun Devil Stadium 01 Sun Devil Stadium	Phoenix, Arizona 01 Tempe, Arizona^{[note 1]}	^[35]
31 XXXI	01997-01-26 January 26, 1997	Green Bay Packers 03 Green Bay Packers^* (3)	1456 35–21	New England Patriots 02 New England Patriots^† (2)	Superdome 05 Superdome (5)	New Orleans, Louisiana 08 New Orleans, Louisiana (8)	^[36]
32 XXXII	01998-01-25 January 25, 1998	Denver Broncos 05 Denver Broncos^† (5)^{[note 3]}	0755 31–24	Green Bay Packers 04 Green Bay Packers^* (4)	Qualcomm Stadium 02 Qualcomm Stadium (2)^{[note 4]}	San Diego, California 02 San Diego, California (2)	^[37]
33 XXXIII	01999-01-31 January 31, 1999	Denver Broncos 06 Denver Broncos^† (6)	1553 34–19	Atlanta Falcons 01 Atlanta Falcons^*	Dolphin Stadium 03 Pro Player Stadium (3)^{[note 4]}	Miami, Florida 08 Miami, Florida (8)^{[note 2]}	^[38]
34 XXXIV	02000-01-30 January 30, 2000	St. Louis Rams 02 St. Louis Rams^* (2)	0739 23–16	Tennessee Titans 01 Tennessee Titans^†^{[note 3]}	Georgia Dome 02 Georgia Dome (2)	Atlanta, Georgia 02 Atlanta, Georgia (2)	^[39]
35 XXXV	02001-01-28 January 28, 2001	Baltimore Ravens 01 Baltimore Ravens^†^{[note 3]}	2741 34–7	New York Giants 03 New York Giants^* (3)	Raymond James Stadium 01 Raymond James Stadium	Tampa, Florida 03 Tampa, Florida (3)	^[40]
36 XXXVI	02002-02-03 February 3, 2002	New England Patriots 03 New England Patriots^† (3)	0337 20–17	St. Louis Rams 03 St. Louis Rams^* (3)	Superdome 06 Superdome (6)	New Orleans, Louisiana 09 New Orleans, Louisiana (9)	^[41]
37 XXXVII	02003-01-26 January 26, 2003	Tampa Bay Buccaneers 01 Tampa Bay Buccaneers^*	2769 48–21	Oakland Raiders 05 Oakland Raiders^† (5)	Qualcomm Stadium 03 Qualcomm Stadium (3)^{[note 4]}	San Diego, California 03 San Diego, California (3)	^[42]
38 XXXVIII	02004-02-01 February 1, 2004	New England Patriots 04 New England Patriots^† (4)	0361 32–29	Carolina Panthers 01 Carolina Panthers^*	Reliant Stadium 01 Reliant Stadium	Houston, Texas 02 Houston, Texas (2)	^[43]
39 XXXIX	02005-02-06 February 6, 2005	New England Patriots 05 New England Patriots^† (5)	0345 24–21	Philadelphia Eagles 02 Philadelphia Eagles^* (2)	ALLTEL Stadium 01 ALLTEL Stadium	Jacksonville, Florida 01 Jacksonville, Florida	^[44]
40 XL	02006-02-05 February 5, 2006	Pittsburgh Steelers 05 Pittsburgh Steelers^† (6)^{[note 3]}	1131 21–10	Seattle Seahawks Seattle Seahawks^*	Ford Field 01 Ford Field	Detroit, Michigan 02 Detroit, Michigan (2)^{[note 1]}	^[45]
41 XLI	02007-02-04 February 4, 2007	Indianapolis Colts 03 Indianapolis Colts^† (3)	1246 29–17	Chicago Bears 02 Chicago Bears^* (2)	Dolphin Stadium 04 Dolphin Stadium (4)^{[note 4]}	Miami, Florida 09 Miami, Florida (9)^{[note 2]}	^[50]
42 XLII	02008-02-03 February 3, 2008	New York Giants 04 New York Giants^* (4)^{[note 3]}	0331 17–14	New England Patriots 06 New England Patriots^† (6)	University of Phoenix Stadium 01 University of Phoenix Stadium	Phoenix, Arizona 02 Glendale, Arizona (2)^{[note 1]}	^[55]
43 XLIII	02009-02-01 February 1, 2009	Pittsburgh Steelers 06 Pittsburgh Steelers^† (7)	0450 27–23	Arizona Cardinals 01 Arizona Cardinals^*	Raymond James Stadium 02 Raymond James Stadium (2)	Tampa, Florida 04 Tampa, Florida (4)	^[56]
44 XLIV	02010-02-07 February 7, 2010	2009–10 NFC Champion 01 2009–10 NFC Champion^* at 2009–10 AFC Champion^†	0000 —	To be determined 01 To be determined	Dolphin Stadium 05 Land Shark Stadium^[47] (5)^{[note 4]}	Miami, Florida 10 Miami, Florida (10)^{[note 2]}	^[57]
45 XLV	02011-02-06 February 6, 2011	2010–11 AFC Champion 01 2010–11 AFC Champion^† at 2010–11 NFC Champion^*	0001 —	To be determined 02 To be determined	Cowboys Stadium 01 Cowboys Stadium	Arlington, Texas 01 Arlington, Texas	^[57]
46 XLVI	02012-02-05 February 5, 2012	2011–12 NFC Champion 01 2011–12 NFC Champion^* at 2011–12 AFC Champion^†	0002 —	To be determined 03 To be determined	Lucas Oil Stadium 01 Lucas Oil Stadium	Indianapolis, Indiana 01 Indianapolis, Indiana	^[57]
47 XLVII	02013-02-03 February 3, 2013	2012–13 AFC Champion 01 2012–13 AFC Champion^† at 2012–13 NFC Champion^*	0003 —	To be determined 04 To be determined	Superdome 07 Superdome (7)	New Orleans, Louisiana 10 New Orleans, Louisiana (10)	^[57]^[58]

Super Bowl appearances by team

NFL^‡/NFC^* teams (22 wins)	AFL^{^}/AFC^† teams (21 wins)
NFL^‡/AFC^† team^{[note 5]}

Games	Team	Wins	Losses	Winning percentage	Season(s)^{[note 6]}
0800 8	Dallas Cowboys^*	5	3	.625	1970 08 1970,^* 1971,^* 1975,^^{[note 3]} 1977,^ 1978,^* 1992,^* 1993,^* 1995^*
0700 7	Pittsburgh Steelers^†^{[note 5]}	6	1	.857	1974 07 1974,^† 1975,^† 1978,^† 1979,^† 1995,^† 2005,^†^{[note 3]} 2008^†
0601 6	New England Patriots^†	3	3	.500	1985 06 1985,^†^{[note 3]} 1996,^† 2001,^† 2003,^† 2004,^† 2007^†
0600 6	Denver Broncos^†	2	4	.333	1977 06 1977,^† 1986,^† 1987,^† 1989,^† 1997,^†^{[note 3]} 1998^†
0503 5	San Francisco 49ers^*	5	0	1.000	1981 05 1981,^* 1984,^* 1988,^* 1989,^* 1994^*
0502 5	Washington Redskins^*	3	2	.600	1973 05 1972,^* 1982,^* 1983,^* 1987,^* 1991^*
0502 5	Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders^{^†}	3	2	.600	1967 05 1967,^{^} 1976,^† 1980,^†^{[note 3]} 1983,^† 2002^†
0503 5	Miami Dolphins^†	2	3	.400	1972 05 1971,^†1972,^† 1973,^† 1982,^† 1984,^†
0402 4	Green Bay Packers^‡*	3	1	.750	1966 04 1966,^‡ 1967,^‡ 1996,^* 1997^*
0402 4	New York Giants^*	3	1	.750	1986 04 1986,^* 1990,^* 2000,^* 2007^*^{[note 3]}
0401 4	Minnesota Vikings^‡*	0	4	.000	1969 04 1969,^‡ 1973,^* 1974,^* 1976^*
0400 4	Buffalo Bills^†	0	4	.000	1990 04 1990,^† 1991,^† 1992,^†^{[note 3]} 1993^†
0301 3	Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts^‡†^{[note 5]}	2	1	.667	1968 03 1968,^‡ 1970,^† 2006^†
0300 3	Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams^*	1	2	.333	1979 03 1979,^* 1999,^* 2001^*
0203 2	Kansas City Chiefs^{^}	1	1	.500	1966 02 1966,^{^} 1969^{^}
0202 2	Chicago Bears^*	1	1	.500	1985 02 1985,^* 2006^*
0201 2	Cincinnati Bengals^†	0	2	.000	1981 02 1981,^† 1988^†
0200 2	Philadelphia Eagles^*	0	2	.000	1980 02 1980,^* 2004^*
0108 1	New York Jets^{^}	1	0	1.000	1968 01 1968^{^}
0107 1	Baltimore Ravens^†	1	0	1.000	2000 01 2000^†^{[note 3]}
0106 1	Tampa Bay Buccaneers^*^{[note 7]}	1	0	1.000	2002 01 2002^*
0105 1	San Diego Chargers^†	0	1	.000	1994 01 1994^†
0104 1	Atlanta Falcons^*	0	1	.000	1998 01 1998^*
0103 1	Houston/Tennessee Oilers/Tennessee Titans^†	0	1	.000	1999 01 1999^†^{[note 3]}
0102 1	Carolina Panthers^*	0	1	.000	2003 01 2003^*
0101 1	Seattle Seahawks^*^{[note 7]}	0	1	.000	2005 01 2005^*
0100 1	St. Louis/Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals^*	0	1	.000	2008 01 2008^*
0004 0	Detroit Lions^*	0	0	---	N/A
0003 0	Cleveland Browns^†^{[note 5]}	0	0	---	N/A
0002 0	Jacksonville Jaguars^†	0	0	---	N/A
0001 0	New Orleans Saints^*	0	0	---	N/A
0000 0	Houston Texans^†	0	0	---	N/A

Teams with no Super Bowl appearances

NFL league champions prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season.
- Detroit Lions - NFL champions in 1935, 1952, 1953, and 1957; appeared in an NFC Championship Game in 1991^[59]
- Cleveland Browns - NFL champions in 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964; appeared in six other NFL championship games in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1968, and 1969 and in three AFC Championship Games in 1986, 1987, and 1989^[60] (The Browns are officially viewed as one continuous franchise that began in 1946, suspended operations from 1996-1998, and resumed play in 1999.^[61] The Baltimore Ravens were an expansion team created in 1996 with former Browns players.)^[62]
Jacksonville Jaguars, 1995 expansion team; appeared in two AFC Championship Games in 1996 and 1999^[63]
New Orleans Saints, 1967 expansion team; appeared in an NFC Championship Game in 2006^[64]
Houston Texans, 2002 expansion team; yet to appear in the NFL playoffs.^[65]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Both Los Angeles and Pasadena, California are in the Greater Los Angeles Area,^[51] Pontiac, Michigan is a suburb of Detroit, Michigan,^[52] and both Tempe, Arizona and Glendale, Arizona are suburbs of Phoenix, Arizona.^[53]^[54]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Miami Gardens was incorporated as a suburb of Miami in 2003. Prior to that, it was an unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County but the stadium had a Miami address.^[49]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Wild card qualifier.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Qualcomm Stadium was originally known as San Diego Stadium and Jack Murphy Stadium.^[46] Dolphin Stadium has also been variously known over the years as Joe Robbie Stadium, Pro Player Stadium, and Dolphins Stadium (with a plural and/or possessive "s".) Its subsequent name of Dolphin Stadium (with no "s") was also the original name it was given when first built. It is currently known as Land Shark Stadium.^[47]^[48]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Colts are the only team that played a pre AFL-NFL merger Super Bowl for the NFL, and then moved to the AFC in 1970. Although members of the old NFL before the 1970 merger, the Steelers and Browns did not play in a Super Bowl before moving to the AFC post-merger.
^ Bold years indicate winning seasons.
^ ^a ^b The Seahawks switched conferences with the Buccaneers in 1976 but switched back to the NFC in 2002 due to an NFL realignment plan after the Houston Texans were admitted. They reached the Super Bowl for the first time in 2005.

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^ "Super Bowl XL". NFL. http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxl. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
^ Levine, Stuart (2008-12-22). "15 years after the NFL left L.A., SoCal fans bolt to Qualcomm". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/travel/news/story?id=3774016. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
^ ^a ^b "Ross said the agreement to change the name from Dolphin Stadium is for this season only and expires before the stadium plays host to the Super Bowl in February." "Dolphins' home renamed Land Shark Stadium in deal with singer Buffett". Associated Press. 2009-05-10. http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d810340fb&template=without-video-with-comments&confirm=true. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
^ "Land Shark Stadium". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/travel/stadium/index?stadium=mlb_2771. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
^ Klitzing, Michael (2006-07-10). "Special report: The Stadium Dilemma". North County Times. http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2006/07/10/sports/professional/chargers/23_09_087_9_06.txt. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
^ "Super Bowl XLI". NFL. http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxli. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
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^ "Pontiac, Michigan". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Pontiac&_cityTown=Pontiac&_state=04000US26&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ "Glendale, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Glendale&_cityTown=Glendale&_state=04000US04&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ "Tempe, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Tempe&_cityTown=Tempe&_state=04000US04&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d AP (2009-06-09). "Indianapolis ahead of curve in preparations for Super Bowl XLVI in 2012". NFL. http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d810bdf46&template=without-video-with-comments&confirm=true. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
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^ Romano, John (1996-08-04). "Rams fear Phillips is a perpetual faux pas Series: NFL". St. Petersburg Times: p. 9C.
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^ "New Orleans Saints Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/nor/. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
^ "Houston Texans Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/htx/. Retrieved 2009-08-27.

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