Livermore

 

city (1990 pop. 56,741), Alameda co., W central Calif.; inc. 1876. Nursery stock is grown, and there is light manufacturing, but the major sources of employment are wineries and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (see Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), which conducts nuclear and other scientific research.

Livermore, California
Location of Livermore within Alameda County, California.
Coordinates: 37°41′8″N 121°45′51″W / 37.68556, -121.76417
Country	United States
State	California
County	Alameda
Established	1835
Incorporated	April 1, 1876
Government [1][2]
- Type	Council-Manager
- Mayor	Marshall Kamena
- Vice Mayor	John Marchand
- City manager	Linda Barton
Area [2]
- City	sq mi (km²)
- Land	sq mi ( km²)
- Water	sq mi ( km²)
Elevation [2]	ft ( m)
Population
- City
- Density	/sq mi (/km²)
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
- Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP codes	94550-94551
Area code(s)	925
FIPS code	06-41992
GNIS feature ID	0277542
Website: www.ci.livermore.ca.us

Livermore is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. The population was 80,723 as of January 1, 2007.^[2] Livermore is located in the San Francisco Bay Area. Livermore is a "major suburb" of the Bay Area.

Traditionally, Livermore is considered the easternmost city in the San Francisco Bay Area before entrance to the Central Valley.

It was founded by William Mendenhall and named after Robert Livermore, his friend and a local rancher who settled in the area in the 1830s.

Livermore is the home of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Livermore's south side, home to local vineyards, has developed several executive subdivisions near Ruby Hill. The city has also redeveloped the downtown.

Geography

Watercourses draining the city of Livermore include Arroyo Mocho, Arroyo del Valle, Arroyo Seco and Arroyo Los Positas. The principal aquifer underlying the city is the Mocho Subbasin. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62.0 km² (23.9 mi²), all land. Several local seismicially active faults lie near the city including the Greenville Fault and the Tesla Fault.

History and culture

History

The Livermore area was home to the Ohlone (or Costanoan) before the arrival of the Spanish in the 18th century; it was incorporated under the Roman Catholic Mission San Jose in 1796. The Livermore Amador Valley was primarily grazing land for Mission San Jose's thousands of cattle and sheep until secularization of California missions from 1834 to 1837 opened great amounts of land throughout California for Mexican land grants. The fourth and second largest of the valley's land grants was the Rancho Las Positas grant, made to rancher Robert Livermore (a naturalized Mexican citizen of English birth) and Jose Noriega in 1839. Livermore was as much interested in viticulture and horticulture as he was in cattle and horses; in 1846 he was the first in this area to plant both a vineyard and an orchard of pears and olives. The first building on the ranch was an adobe on Las Positas Creek, and in 1849 a two-story "Around the Horn" house was added; it was the first wooden building in the valley.

After the discovery of gold in California, Livermore became a popular stopping place for prospectors headed for the Mother Lode, as it was one day's journey by horse or stagecoach from San Jose.

Robert Livermore died in 1858 before the establishment of the town that bears his name. His ranch included much of the present-day city. The city itself was established in 1869 by William Mendenhall, who had met Robert Livermore while marching through the valley with Fremont's California Battalion. Livermore was officially incorporated on April 15, 1876.

Culture

Livermore's culture retains some vestiges of the farming and ranching traditions that have existed in the valley since the time of Robert Livermore, but now largely reflects the values of its suburban population. Livermore has a strong blue-collar element, as well as many professionals who work at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and various hi-tech industries within the Bay Area. The city has recently gone much more upscale with the addition of several hundred million dollar homes set amongst the southside's vineyards as well as a multi-million dollar renovation of the downtown area, which includes a new motion picture theater, as well as a performing arts theater, a parking structure, and office buildings. The new construction is expected to be finished in early to mid 2007.

Also, according to the latest U.S. Census information, Livermore is the third wealthiest midsize city in the nation. In 2005, the median household income in Livermore was $96,632, which ranked it the third highest income midsize city (between 65,000 and 249,999 people) just behind number two Newport Beach, CA ($97,428) and Livermore's western neighbor, Pleasanton, CA ($101,022),1

Livermore hosts the Livermore Rodeo (since 1918), the "Worlds Fastest Rodeo," that claims it has more riders per hour than any other. It also has the Livermore-Amador Symphony, Del Valle Fine Arts (a producer of chamber music concerts), and, in the valley at large, the Valley Choral Society, Livermore Valley Opera, and Valley Dance Theatre.

It boasts a state-of-the-art library (with a somewhat controversial front mosaic^[3]) that opened in 2004 and a busy growing Livermore Airport.

Livermore has a Hindu temple which is often visited by the large Indian population of the Bay Area.

Many Livermore residents enjoy the rodeo parade and festivities which take place yearly. Many cowboy-folk from across the land come to this event. Children are given the chance to ride ponies and edlerly women are given free horseback rides across town and to the local market.

Many of the Livermore youth find entertainment at The Vine the local cinema, or at Livermore Cinemas, the newer theater that was added after fifteen years debate, the Livermore skate park, Granada Bowl, and shops in the downtown area, such as Charlotte's Web, Panama Bay Coffee Company, and Donut Wheel.

Livermore has also long harbored a strong independent music scene, with venues such as Pine St. Bar and the now-defunct Unity Skateshop hosting national touring acts as well as Bay Area artists.

The first Indian christian Church in San Francisco Bay Area is at Livermore. The Mar Thoma Syrian Church is situated at Junction Avenue. At present the Vicar of the Church is Rev. James Veeramala

Demographics

As of the census² of 2000, there were 73,345 people, 26,123 households, and 19,513 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,183.9/km² (3,065.8/mi²). There were 26,610 housing units at an average density of 429.5/km² (1,112.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.90% White, 1.57% African American, 0.61% Native American, 5.80% Asian, 0.28% Pacific Islander, 5.34% from other races, and 4.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.78% of the population.

There were 26,123 households out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the city the population was spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $75,322, and the median income for a family was $82,421. Males had a median income of $59,703 versus $38,389 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,062. About 3.8% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.

In the six years since the census, the population has increased to 87,054. Increases also took place in the number of housing units (30,612), median household income ($87,321), and median family income ($100,121). The median home price was reported to be $662,100.^[4]

Politics

In the state legislature Livermore is located in the 9th Senate District, represented by Democrat Don Perata, and in the 15th Assembly District, represented by Republican Guy Houston. Federally, Livermore is located in California's 10th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D +9^[5] and is represented by Democrat Ellen Tauscher. Tauscher received an 82% progressive rating from a self-described non-partisan group that provides a "searchable database of Congressional voting records from a Progressive perspective"^[6], and a 26% conservative rating from a conservative group.^[7]

World's longest lasting lightbulb

Main article: Centennial Light

The town is noted for one world record. A 105+ year old 4-watt lightbulb called the Centennial Light housed by the Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department is still burning bright. In truth, its "brightness" may be a matter of debate; it glows dimly, but definitely still functions as a lightbulb. The Guinness Book of World Records, Ripley's Believe It or Not, and General Electric have concluded that the bulb has been burning continuously since 1901 with the exception of power failures and three times for moving to another station. The lightbulb was manufactured by the Shelby Electric Company and was hand blown with a carbon filament.

Industry

Laboratories

Livermore is the home of two national laboratories. The largest employer in Livermore is the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) which is operated by a limited liability consortium named Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), a joint venture company of Bechtel National, the University of California, BWX Technologies, Washington Group International, and Battelle. LLNL is the location of the world's most powerful laser, the NIF and world's most powerful supercomputer, Blue Gene/L.

Livermore is also the California site of the Sandia National Laboratories, which is operated by Sandia Corporation (a Lockheed-Martin owned Company) and is the third largest employer in the city.

Wine

See main article at Livermore Valley.

Education

Public schools in Livermore are part of the Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District (LVJUSD). The District is comprised of 11 Elementary (K-5) schools, 4 Middle (6-8) schools, and 3 High schools.

Elementary Schools:

• Altamont Creek
• Arroyo Seco
• Leo Croce
• Jackson Avenue
• Marylin Avenue
• Joe Michell
• Don Gaspar de Portola
• Rancho Las Positas
• Emma C. Smith
• Sunset
• Vineyard

Middle Schools

• Christensen
• East Avenue
• Junction Avenue
• William Mendenhall

High Schools

• Livermore High School
  • Livermore High School, the Cowboys, was established in 1891 and became the first union high school in the state of California.

• Granada High School
  • Granada High School, the Matadors, is the second public high school in Livermore.

• Vineyard High School
  • Vineyard High School is an independent study high school.

• Del Valle & Phoenix
  • Del Valle and Phoenix High Schools are continuation high schools.

Adult Education

• Livermore Adult School

Livermore Valley Charter School
The Livermore Valley Charter School (LVCS) is a K-8 public school.

For more information, see http://www.lvcs.org/

Higher Education Livermore is home to Las Positas College, which along with Chabot College, its sister college in Hayward, California, is part of the California Community Colleges system.

Transportation

Livermore's general aviation needs are served by Livermore Municipal Airport. For Commercial Flights one must go to San Francisco International Airport, Oakland International Airport, or San José International Airport.

Access to Bay Area Rapid Transit is available at the Dublin-Pleasanton Station.

One may also use the WHEELS bus system to get around Livermore and to the neighboring cities of Pleasanton and Dublin, California.

Livermore has two stations for the Altamont Commuter Express, a commuter train which runs from Stockton to San Jose with four round trips per workday. One station is at Vasco Road, and the other in downtown Livermore at its Transit Center, where connections to the WHEELS bus system can be made.

There is a petition drive to bring the BART system to Livermore. The group that started the petition was founded by the former mayor of Dublin, Linda Jeffery Sailors, who was successful in bringing BART to Dublin/Pleasanton.^[8]

Sister cities

Livermore has three sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):

• Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
• Snezhinsk, Russia
• Yotsukaido, Japan

Notable people from Livermore

• Louie Aguiar, an American football punter.
• Max Baer, a boxer and actor.
• Cynthia Breazeal, an Associate Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
• Mark Davis, a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball.
• Randy Johnson, an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.
• Tara Kemp, Pop singer.
• Jack Trudeau, an American professional football player.
• Jason Sekany, former starting pitcher for Major League Baseball.
• James DePaiva, actor
• Kenny Cruz, UFC fighter
• Gavin Glinton, professional soccer player

References

1. ^ City Council. City of Livermore Official Web Site. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} City Profile. City of Livermore Official Web Site. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
3. ^ Miami Muralist Embroiled In Mosaic Misspelling Mess. WPLG (2004-10-07). Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
4. ^ Livemore, California Fact Sheet. 2005 American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau (2005). Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
5. ^ Will Gerrymandered Districts Stem the Wave of Voter Unrest?. Campaign Legal Center Blog. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
6. ^ Leading with the Left. Progressive Punch. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
7. ^ ACU Ratings of Congress, 2006. American Conservative Union (2006). Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
8. ^ LivermoreBART.org. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.

• Livermore (2002), a film by Rachel Raney and David Murray.
• Owens, Bill (1972). Suburbia. ISBN 1-881270-40-8.

External links

• City of Livermore Official Website
• Livermore Community Guide
• Charlotte's Web, The Oldest Brick Building in Livermore
• Livermore Valley Wine Country
• Centennial Light Bulb Site
• Livermore Hindu Temple
• Las Positas College
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• Sandia National Laboratories - California Home Page
• Livermore Rodeo
• Livermore, California travel guide from Wikitravel

Coordinates: 37.685496° N 121.764096° W

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