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load

 
Dictionary: load   (lōd) pronunciation
n.
    1. A weight or mass that is supported: the load on an arch.
    2. The overall force to which a structure is subjected in supporting a weight or mass or in resisting externally applied forces.
    1. Something that is carried, as by a vehicle, person, or animal: a load of firewood.
    2. The quantity that is or can be carried at one time.
    1. The share of work allocated to or required of a person, machine, group, or organization.
    2. The demand for services or performance made on a machine or system.
  1. The amount of material that can be inserted into a device or machine at one time: The camera has a full load of film.
  2. A single charge of ammunition for a firearm.
    1. A mental weight or burden: Good news took a load off my mind.
    2. A responsibility regarded as oppressive.
  3. The external mechanical resistance against which a machine acts.
  4. Electricity.
    1. The power output of a generator or power plant.
    2. A device or the resistance of a device to which power is delivered.
  5. A front-end load.
  6. Informal. A great number or amount. Often used in the plural: loads of parties during the holiday season.
  7. Slang. A heavy or overweight person.
  8. Genetic load.

v., load·ed, load·ing, loads.

v.tr.
    1. To put (something) into or onto a structure or conveyance: loading grain onto a train.
    2. To put something into or onto (a structure or conveyance): loaded the tanker with crude oil.
  1. To provide or fill nearly to overflowing; heap: loaded the table with food.
  2. To weigh down; burden: was loaded with worries.
  3. To insert (a necessary material) into a device: loaded film into the camera; loaded rounds into the rifle.
  4. To insert a necessary material into: loaded the camera with film.
  5. Games. To make (dice) heavier on one side by adding weight.
  6. To charge with additional meanings, implications, or emotional import: loaded the question to trick the witness.
  7. To dilute, adulterate, or doctor. See synonyms at adulterate.
  8. To raise the power demand in (an electrical circuit), as by adding resistance.
  9. To increase (an insurance premium or mutual fund share price) by adding expenses or sale costs.
  10. Baseball. To have or put runners on (first, second, and third base).
  11. Computer Science.
    1. To transfer (data) from a storage device into a computer's memory.
    2. To mount (a diskette) onto a floppy disk drive.
    3. To mount (a magnetic tape) onto a tape drive.
v.intr.
  1. To receive a load: Container ships can load rapidly.
  2. To charge a firearm with ammunition.
  3. To put or place a load into or onto a structure, device, or conveyance.
idioms:

get a load of

  1. SlangTo look at; notice. To look at; notice.
  2. To listen to: Get a load of this!
have a load on
  1. SlangTo be intoxicated. To be intoxicated.
take a load off
  1. To sit or lie down.

[Middle English lode, alteration (influenced by laden, to load) of lade, course, way, from Old English lād.]


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(1) To copy a program from some source, such as the hard disk or CD-ROM, into memory for execution. In the early days, programs were loaded first and then run. Today, when referring to applications, loading implies load and run. Thus, "load" the program, "run" the program and "launch" the program mean the same thing.

Many people also use the term to refer to installing an application, so "load the program" may mean "install the program."

(2) To fill up a disk with data or programs.

(3) To insert a disk or tape into a drive.

(4) In programming, to store data in a register.

(5) In performance measurement, the current use of a system as a percentage of total capacity.

(6) In electronics, the flow of current through a circuit.

(7) In a network, the volume of traffic.

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Thesaurus: load
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noun

  1. Something carried physically: burden1, cargo, freight, haul. Sports impost. See heavy/light, over/under.
  2. A quantity of explosive put into a weapon: charge. See explosion/collapse.
  3. An indeterminately great amount or number. jillion, million (often used in plural), multiplicity, ream, trillion. Informal bushel, gob1 (often used in plural), heap (often used in plural), lot, oodles, passel, peck2, scad (often used in plural), slew, wad, zillion. See big/small/amount.

verb

  1. To place a burden or heavy load on: burden1, charge, cumber, encumber, freight, lade, saddle, tax, weight. See over/under.
  2. To make or become full; put as much into as can be held: charge, fill, freight, heap, pack, pile. See full/empty/capacity.
  3. To fill to overflowing: heap, lade, pile. See full/empty/capacity.
  4. To fill to excess by compressing or squeezing tightly: cram, crowd, jam, mob, pack, stuff. Informal jam-pack. See full/empty/capacity, tighten/loosen.
  5. To put (explosive material) into a weapon: charge. See put in/take out.
  6. To give an inaccurate view of by representing falsely or misleadingly: belie, color, distort, falsify, misrepresent, misstate, pervert, twist, warp, wrench, wrest. Idioms: give a false coloring to. See true/false.
  7. To make impure or inferior by deceptively adding foreign substances: adulterate, debase, doctor, sophisticate. See clean/dirty.

Antonyms: load
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n

Definition: burden, pressure
Antonyms: benefit, blessing

v

Definition: burden, saddle
Antonyms: aid, assist, benefit, bless, help

v

Definition: overburden, pressure
Antonyms: relieve, remove, unburden, unload



n

An external force applied to an object.

The matter transported by a river or stream. Solution load is dissolved in the water. Suspension load refers to undissolved particles which are held in the stream. On the river bed, the material of the bed load jumps by saltation, or rolls along the bed. The deposits forming a channel bed are known as bed-material load.

Architecture: load
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1. A force, or system of forces, carried by a structure, or a part of the structure.
2. Any device or piece of electric equipment that receives electric power.
3. The power delivered to such a device or piece of equipment.
4. The amount of heat per unit time imposed on a refrigeration system; the required rate of heat removal.


The sum of all the forces and moments acting on a body. In a human movement, the load is the bone, the overlying tissue, and anything else resisting that particular movement.

the quantity of a measurable form of work, e.g. metabolic or circulatory, borne by an organism, especially when it exceeds the normal amount of work for that process. Called also workload.

A source drives a load. Whatever component or piece of equipment is connected to a source and draws current from a source is a load on that source.


(DOD, NATO) The total weight of passengers and/or freight carried on board a ship, aircraft, train, road vehicle, or other means of conveyance. See also airlift capability; airlift requirement; allowable load.

Word Tutor: load
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: n. - Weight to be borne or conveyed.

pronunciation Sympathy is two hearts tugging at one load. — Charles Henry Parkhurst, Source: Albert W. Daw Collection

Wikipedia: Load (computing)
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In UNIX computing, the system load is a measure of the amount of work that a computer system performs. The load average represents the average system load over a period of time. It conventionally appears in the form of three numbers which represent the system load during the last one, five, and fifteen -minute periods.

Contents

Unix-style load calculation

All Unix and Unix-like systems generate a metric of three "load average" numbers in the kernel. Users can easily query the current result from a Unix shell by running the uptime command:

$ uptime
09:53:15  up 119 days, 19:08,  10 users,  load average: 3.73 7.98 0.50

The w and top commands show the same three load average numbers, as do a range of graphical user interface utilities.

An idle computer has a load number of 0 and each process using or waiting for CPU adds to the load number by 1. Most UNIX systems count only processes in the running (on CPU) or runnable (waiting for CPU) states. However, Linux also includes processes in uninterruptible sleep states (usually waiting for disk activity), which can lead to markedly different results if many processes remain blocked in I/O due to a busy or stalled I/O system. This, for example, includes processes blocking due to an NFS server failure or to slow media (e.g., USB 1.x storage devices). Such circumstances can result in an elevated load average, which does not reflect an actual increase in CPU use (but still gives an idea on how long users have to wait).

Systems calculate the load average as the exponentially damped/weighted moving average of the load number. The three values of load average refer to the past one, five, and fifteen minutes of system operation.

For single-CPU systems that are CPU-bound, one can think of load average as a percentage of system utilization during the respective time period. For systems with multiple CPUs, one must divide the number by the number of processors in order to get a comparable percentage.

For example, one can interpret a load average of "1.73 0.50 7.98" on a single-CPU system as:

  • during the last minute, the CPU was overloaded by 73% (1 CPU with 1.73 runnable processes, so that 0.73 processes had to wait for a turn)
  • during the last 5 minutes, the CPU was underloaded 50% (no processes had to wait for a turn)
  • during the last 15 minutes, the CPU was overloaded 698% (1 CPU with 7.98 runnable processes, so that 6.98 processes had to wait for a turn)

This means that this CPU could have handled all of the work scheduled for the last minute if it were 1.73 times as fast, or if there were two (1.73 rounded up) times as many CPUs, but that over the last five minutes it was twice as fast as necessary to prevent runnable processes from waiting their turn.

In a system with four CPUs, a load average of 3.73 would indicate that there were, on average, 3.73 processes ready to run, and each one could be scheduled into a CPU.

On modern UNIX systems, the treatment of threading with respect to load averages varies. Some systems treat threads as processes for the purposes of load average calculation: each thread waiting to run will add 1 to the load. However, other systems, especially systems implementing so-called M:N threading, use different strategies, such as counting the process exactly once for the purpose of load (regardless of the number of threads), or counting only threads currently exposed by the user-thread scheduler to the kernel, which may depend on the level of concurrency set on the process.

Many systems generate the load average by sampling the state of the scheduler periodically, rather than recalculating on all pertinent scheduler events. They adopt this approach for performance reasons, as scheduler events occur frequently, and scheduler efficiency impacts significantly on system efficiency. As a result, sampling error can lead to load averages inaccurately representing actual system behavior. This can pose a particular problem for programs that wake up at a fixed interval that aligns with the load-average sampling, in which case a process may be under- or over-represented in the load average numbers.

Load average is not CPU utilization

Even though the statements in the previous section might suggest that load average is related to CPU utilization because the section relates CPU to load average, load average does not measure CPU utilization of processes. One reason it does not do this is because load averages computations of processes are in a wrong order to relate to trend information of CPU utilization. In other words, the calculations and numbers directly produced by load averages do not compute numbers in an order from more CPU intensive to less CPU intensive or vice versa, nor do they give computations of numbers that would give another way that would result in direct information about CPU utilization. In summary, the functions of load average give numbers based on load queue of processes. [1] The next section uses the same reference to suggest that load average is not very important or vital to system performance information until or unless the a system's CPU is heavily loaded to around 100%. Then, at levels close to 100%, load average could be very important or significant to determinacy of system performance; however, this would be because average load numbers give direct information about process queue length not CPU utilization -- which is something they do not give direct information about.

CPU load vs CPU utilization

A comparative study of different load indices carried out by Ferrari et al.[1] reported that CPU load information based upon the CPU queue length does much better in load balancing compared to CPU utilization. The reason CPU queue length did better is probably because, when a host is heavily loaded, its CPU utilization is likely to be close to 100% and it is unable to reflect the exact load level of the utilization. In contrast, CPU queue lengths can directly reflect the amount of load on a CPU. As an example, two systems, one with 3 and the other with 6 processes in the queue, will probably have utilizations close to 100% although they obviously differ.

See also

Other commands for assessing system performance include:

  • uptime for load average
  • top for an overall system view
  • htop interactive process viewer
  • iotop interactive I/O viewer - iotop homepage
  • iostat for storage I/O statistics
  • netstat for network statistics
  • mpstat for CPU statistics
  • tload load average graph for terminal
  • xload load average graph for X

External links

References

  1. ^ a b Domenico Ferrari and Songnian Zhou, “An Empirical Investigation of Load Indices For Load Balancing Applications” Proc. Performance ’87, the 12th Int’l Symp. On Computer Performance Modeling, Measurement, and Evaluation, North Holland Publishers, Amsterdam. The Netherlands 1988. pp. 515-528

Translations: Load
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - byrde, vægt, mængde, læs, last, ladning, pligt, belastning, strømbelastning, kønssygdom
v. tr. - læsse, belaste, belæsse, lade, indtage narkotika
v. intr. - læsse, belaste, belæsse, lade, indtage narkotika

idioms:

  • a load of    en (rædsom) masse, en bunke
  • a load off one's mind    der faldt en sten fra hjertet
  • get a load of    høre, se
  • load down    belaste, belæsse, tynge
  • load the dice    forfalske terningerne
  • load the dice against    have alle odds imod sig, stå over for en stor overmagt
  • loads of    masser af, massevis af

Nederlands (Dutch)
laden, opladen, beladen, bevrachten, belasten, verzekeringspremie verhogen, verzwaren met lood, knoeien met (dobbelsteen etc.), lading, vracht, belasting, elektrische lading, last

Français (French)
n. - charge, chargement, cargaison, (fig) fardeau, (Tech, Méd) charge, fournée, (Élec) charge, (fig) travail, des tas ou des quantités
v. tr. - (gén) charger, (Élec) surcharger, majorer (une prime d'assurance), (Comput) charger, combler/couvrir qn de, piper (un dé)
v. intr. - charger

idioms:

  • a load of    cargaison, chargement
  • get a load of    vise un peu, regarde un peu, écoute un peu
  • get a load on    regarder, écouter
  • load down    charger, accabler
  • load the dice    piper les dés
  • load the dice against    piper les dés contre
  • loads of    des tas de, une masse de, en quantité
  • take a load off one's mind    enlever un poids de sa conscience

Deutsch (German)
n. - Last, Bürde, Ladung
v. - laden, beladen, einlegen, überhäufen

idioms:

  • a load of    eine Menge, eine Ladung von
  • get a load of    genau aufpassen
  • get a load on    (AmE) (inf) betrunken werden, blau werden
  • load down    ausladen
  • load the dice    die Würfel präparieren
  • load the dice against    (unfair) benachteiligen
  • loads of    eine Menge, massenhaft
  • take a load off one's mind    ein Stein vom Herzen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - φορτίο, βάρος, "παρτίδα", σύνολο φορτίου, "φόρτωμα", γέμιση, γόμωση, εμπύρευμα, φόρτος (έργου κ.λπ.), ανδρικό σπέρμα
v. - φορτώνω, "γεμίζω", οπλίζω, φορτίζω, βάζω μολύβι (σε μπαστούνι, ζάρια)

idioms:

  • a load of    αφθονία, πλήθος από
  • a load off one's mind    ανακούφιση
  • get a load of    δίνω ιδιαίτερη προσοχή σε
  • load down    φορτώνω, βαραίνω
  • load the dice    στήνω ζάρια
  • load the dice against    επηρεάζω τις εξελίξεις σε βάρος
  • loads of    αφθονία/πλήθος από, ένα σωρό

Italiano (Italian)
caricare, carico, carica

idioms:

  • a load of    un carico di, una quantità di
  • get a load of    fare il pieno di
  • load down    scaricare
  • load the dice    barare
  • loads of    una quantità di

Português (Portuguese)
n. - carga (f)
v. - carregar

idioms:

  • a load of    grande quantidade
  • get a load of    ter muito
  • load down    estar sobrecarregado
  • load the dice    chumbar os dados
  • loads of    montes de, grande quantidade de

Русский (Russian)
грузить, производить посадку, обременять, осыпать чем-л., заряжать, насыщать, нагрузка, груз, бремя, заряд, мера веса

idioms:

  • a load of    бремя чего-л.
  • get a load of    понять что-л., смотреть на что-л., осознавать, внимательно слушать
  • load down    загружать
  • load the dice    наливать свинцом игральные кости, предрешать исход игры, настраивать против кого-л.
  • loads of    множество, толпы

Español (Spanish)
n. - peso, cargamento, cabida, cargo
v. tr. - cargar, poner, embarcar, armar
v. intr. - hacer más pesado

idioms:

  • a load of    gran cantidad de, montones, una sarta de
  • get a load of    ¡mira esto!, ¡escucha esto!
  • get a load on    mirar, escuchar, observar
  • load down    cargar, sobrecargar
  • load the dice    cargar los dados, hacer trampa
  • load the dice against    hacer algo tramposo que da ventajas a uno
  • loads of    la mar de, cantidades, montones
  • take a load off one's mind    quitarse un peso de encima, sacarse una carga de la mente

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - last, lass, börda (äv. bildl.), (tekn.) belastning, laddning (i skjutvapen)
v. - lasta, lassa, fylla, lägga in i, belasta, tynga ner, komma att digna, överhopa, överösa, ladda, förse med blytyngd, förfalska, höja en premie, ta in (ombord) last, ta in (ombord) passagerare, (bö

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
负荷, 装载量, 重担, 装载, 使担负, 装填, 装货, 装料, 装弹药

idioms:

  • a load of    一车的, 一大堆的
  • a load off one's mind    消除某人思想负担, 使某人安心
  • get a load of    打量
  • load down    满载
  • load the dice    使用不正当手段, 使用灌铅骰子
  • load the dice against    使用不正当手段
  • loads of    很多

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 負荷, 裝載量, 重擔
v. tr. - 裝載, 使擔負, 裝填
v. intr. - 裝貨, 裝料, 裝彈藥

idioms:

  • a load of    一車的, 一大堆的
  • a load off one's mind    消除某人思想負擔, 使某人安心
  • get a load of    打量
  • load down    滿載
  • load the dice    使用不正當手段, 使用灌鉛骰子
  • load the dice against    使用不正當手段
  • loads of    很多

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 적하, 고민, 적재랑, 장전, 취한 상태
v. tr. - 짐을 싣다, 태우다, 채우다, 탄환을 재다
v. intr. - 짐을 싣다, 올라타다, 총에 장전하다

idioms:

  • a load of    다수 , 다량, 듬뿍
  • a load off one's mind    마음의 짐을 덜어주다
  • get a load of    ~을 듣다, ~을 보다
  • load down    부담을 주다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 積み荷, 負担, 負担量, 仕事量, 一台分の積み荷, 積載量, 負荷, 荷重
v. - 荷を積む, 積む, …にどっさり与える, 詰め込む, …にどっさり載せる, 装填する

idioms:

  • a load of    ~の重荷, 多量の
  • a load off one's mind    安心する
  • get a load of    見る
  • load down    …にどっさり積み込む, たくさん負わせる
  • load the dice    さいころに仕込む
  • load the dice against    人に不利になるように仕組む
  • loads of    たくさんの

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) حمل, حموله, شحنه, ثقل, عبء, مسؤوليه ثقيله, مقدار مسكر من شراب كحولي, عدد وافر, حشوة أو شحنه سلاح ناري (فعل) يحمل, يثل, يرهق, يغمر, يزود بوفرة, يغش, يضيف إليه مبلغا بعد حساب النفقات والأرباح, يحشو سلاحا ناريا أو يلقمه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮משא, מיטען, מעמסה, מועקה, כמות עבודה (של מנוע), עומס חשמלי, יחידת-משקל לחומרים מסוימים, משימה בעבודה, התנגדות מכונה לכוח המניע‬
v. tr. - ‮הטעין (אוניה), טען (כלי-נשק, סרט למצלמה וכו'), העלה (דמי-ביטוח) בשל הגדלת הסיכון, הוסיף משקולת, הכביד‬
v. intr. - ‮הטעין (אוניה)‬


 
 
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