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Hinge and Bracket

 

George Logan (1753-1821) was one of the renais sance men who governed the republic in the early days of the United States. Though little known past his lifetime, he ably combined the professions ofdoctor, farmer, politician, and diplomat in a career that lasted more than 40 years.

Logan was born September 9, 1753, in "Stenton," the home his grandfather had built in 1728 and to which his parents, William and Hannah Logan, and older siblings had moved from Philadelphia only four months earlier. At the time the house was located in a rural area in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, but it later became incorporated into the city itself. The Logans were a Quaker family; George Logan's grandfather, James, had been William Penn's secretary, who had made his fortune in fur trading. James's son, William, was a farmer who commanded the respect of the colonists and Native Americans.

Logan spent his first seven years entirely at Stenton. At age eight he attended the Friends School in Philadelphia, and in 1768 he began attending the Friends School in Worcester, England. Logan remained in Worcester for three years before returning to Stenton. This was to be the pattern for the rest of his life: no matter where his political and diplomatic careers took him, Logan always returned to his beloved Stenton.

Medical Education in Edinburgh

At this time Logan had his sights set on being a physician, but his older brother, William, had already graduated from medical school and his father thought it better that George apprentice as a merchant. Logan was temperamentally unfit for the life of business and never gave up hope of studying medicine. In 1772, William Logan, Jr., died suddenly and this, along with the coming war (Quakers being pacifists), cleared the way for Logan to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh. Ironically, Logan left for Great Britain in May 1775, a month after the Battle of Lexington and Concord; he spent the first year of the American Revolution in England, studying in preparation for entering the University of Edinburgh.

After his London stay and a tour of western England, Logan finally arrived in Edinburgh in November 1776. The following month he was selected to join the Medical Society, the prestigious student organization founded in 1734. Toward the end of his first spring term at the University of Edinburgh Logan received news that both his parents had died the previous winter. As the oldest surviving sibling he inherited Stenton but remained an absentee landlord the next three years while he pursued his medical studies. On January 27, 1779, when he was in his third and final year at the university, Logan was elected president of the Medical Society, which had only recently been granted a royal charter. He was the first American to hold the post. On June 24, 1779, having passed the rigorous oral and written examinations and published his thesis on poisons (titled Tentamen medicum inaugurale de venenis ), Logan was awarded an M.D. from the University of Edinburgh.

By the end of June Logan had abandoned Edinburgh and gone to Paris where he visited Benjamin Franklin, then an envoy to the court of Louis XVI. Though a freshly minted doctor, Logan's political education and career were about to begin. Over the next year Logan served as courier for Franklin and John Adams delivering letters from the two Americans to their contacts in England. He returned to Stenton late in 1780.

The mansion had fallen to ruin during the war (though it had been briefly used as headquarters by both generals Washington and Howe), yet Logan still used it as a hostel for war refugees. He also practiced philanthropy in other forms, as well as the usual avocations of an eighteenth-century gentleman. He set up his medical practice in Philadelphia and began a courtship with Deborah Norris. The courtship had a touch of Romeo and Juliet; the Logan and the Norris families had been estranged for 30 years, but that ended when Logan married Norris on September 6, 1781. Not too many months later Logan decided to quit his medical practice and take up farming at Stenton as a way of reviving the ancestral home. Over the next few years, and intermittently for the rest of his life, Logan devoted himself to scientific farming. He began employing, and later improving upon, the agrarian reforms first used in England. Logan was also a charter member of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture.

Election to the Pennsylvania Legislature

On October 11, 1785, Logan entered the political arena when he was elected to the Pennsylvania state assembly as a member of the Republican party. (Though conservative, this was not the present-day Republican party as within two years most of its members would be known as Federalists.) At that time elections were annual, and Logan served in the state assembly from 1785 to 1789; again from 1795 to 1796; and finally in 1799.

The first political crisis in which Logan became involved was over the Bank of North America, located in Philadelphia. The bank's charter had been annulled by the previous session, which was controlled by the radical Constitutionalist party (referring to the Pennsylvania state constitution). Though a Republican, Logan maintained an open mind regarding the bank's recharter, and when he finally rose to speak exerted a moderating influence over the increasingly rancorous debate. He came out in favor of re-chartering the bank, but the motion was defeated when a vote was taken. Logan, though, had staked out the political middle in the state assembly. The bank was rechartered when the Republicans gained power.

In 1787 Logan, who was very much a political protégé of Benjamin Franklin, spoke out if favor of ratifying the new federal constitution that would replace the Articles of Confederation. Partly for his efforts, Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the Constitution by a vote of 43 to 23.

The assembly's, and Logan's, next political conflict was over the reforming of the state penal code. In this Logan took a more conservative stance than most of his Quaker class by opposing the idea of incarceration as a means of reforming criminals - though Logan meant people whom, centuries later, would be classified as "career criminals." In 1788 Logan began publishing essays in the Pennsylvania Mercury and Universal Advertiser under the pen name Cato, in which he argued that justice was interwoven throughout the fabric of society, specifically in the relationship of rights and duties. The penal code debates marked the beginning of Logan's independent political streak. Thereafter less and less would he align himself along party and class affiliations. In the late 1780s he opposed Republican measures of protectionism in the state assembly and in his writings spoke of the dangers of the new American aristocracy. The Pennsylvania state constitution of that time forbade any member of the assembly from serving more than four consecutive terms, so with the close of the 1789 session Logan returned to Stenton to resume scientific farming full time.

Logan had been working his fields even while a legislator, but he now spent the next six years farming and working out methods to improve agriculture. These methods included crop rotation. Since 1783 he had been making notes on the best rotation for the fields, and he wrote a report for the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture. Unfortunately for Logan, the Society and the committee it set up to review his report after it had received a less than hearty welcome when he read it, were dominated by conservatives, many of whom came from the mercantile rather than the agricultural class. Though it was recommended the report be published, it was not fully supported by the Society. This led to Logan's rupture with the Society. After publishing his report and agricultural experiments in the Independent Gazetteer he resigned from the Society.

Logan's wariness toward the newly minted aristocracy of the mercantile class did not end there. He saw the new United States Constitution as an extension of their power in the nation. More than most, Logan keenly felt the threat to the country's agrarian lifestyle. In the early 1790s Logan's radical opposition to the new federal government - which he was able to observe firsthand since the capital had moved from New York to Philadelphia at the end of 1790 - ostracized him from the Quaker community, which felt compelled to take action by issuing a "testimony" against him. Not dissuaded by this, Logan continued publishing anti-Federalist essays in the Independent Gazetteer (under the collective title Letters to the Yeomanry ; they were also later published by the National Gazette, edited by Philip Freneau) as well as pamphlets, written under the simple byline "a farmer." These essays and letters argued against the new economic system being set in place by Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton. In this Logan had a powerful ally - Thomas Jefferson. His activity made Logan one of the leading anti-Federalists in Philadelphia and Stenton the seat of discontent in the area.

By 1793 Logan had become so anti-Federalist in outlook that no Federal policy could appease him, including the plan to build a turnpike linking the western Pennsylvania farmlands with the eastern part of the state. That same year Logan joined the Philadelphia-based Société française des amis de la liberté et de l'égalité, which supported the new French Republic. Following a summer which he spent in the company of none other than Citizen Genêt, Logan's political fires were temporarily tamped in the fall of 1793 by an outbreak of yellow fever in Philadelphia. He returned to his medical practice to treat the sick and also published his ideas on treatment, which entailed a brief controversy of its own.

In January 1794 Logan joined the Democratic Society of Philadelphia, hoping it and the other Democratic societies throughout the nation would serve as a rudimentary national opposition to the Federalists. He was soon one of the firebrands of the organization - the societies were even attacked by Washington. Having thrown his lot in with the Jacobin French, Logan opposed the 1794 treaty with Britain which John Jay, minister to London and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers, had negotiated. In 1795 Logan again won a seat in the state assembly, but this time he was a changed man politically. He was no longer content to be seen as a moderate. He was reelected in 1796 and proved locally influential in the presidential election that year: Jefferson, around whom the national opposition had coalesced, received 13 of Pennsylvania's 15 electoral votes. However he lost the election to John Adams.

Secret Trip to France

Logan was mistrustful of Federalist policy toward France, but not even he could sway public opinion when the XYZ Affair (in which three French agents attempted to solicit a bribe and an extortionary loan from three American ministers who were sent to negotiate a commercial treaty) became common knowledge in April 1798. In the United States, as calls for war against the former ally began coming from different quarters and preparations made (these resulted in minor naval skirmishes), Logan chose a different tack. Bearing a letter from Vice President Jefferson as his credentials, Logan traveled to France in a roundabout way with the assistance of the Marquis de Lafayette.

By the time Logan reached Paris on August 7, 1798, the American ministers had all left their posts for the United States. France, they had been assured would negotiate. However France had also placed an embargo on American shipping and imprisoned a number of United States sailors. Logan met with French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and others and the result was a lifting of the embargo and the release of the imprisoned seamen. While Logan appeared to have single-handedly staved off war, the fact was the French Directory (which governed France at the time) was considering those very steps. Logan's secret diplomacy was the final and convenient evidence they considered. Logan was at once a hero and the source of embarrassment to the Federalist administration.

As a result Federalists in both houses of Congress sought revenge and they managed to exact it in a bill, since known as the Logan Act, which was passed in January 1799 and quickly signed by President Adams. The new law made it a crime for a private citizen to begin or hold "verbal or written correspondence with a foreign government … in relation to any disputes or controversies of the United States."

In July 1801 Logan was appointed by Governor McKean of Pennsylvania to replace Senator J.P.G. Muhlenberg, who had resigned. In December 1801 he was elected by the Pennsylvania legislature by a large majority. (Until 1913 United States senators were elected by state legislatures rather than popular vote.) By then Jefferson was president and the Republicans had gained power. Logan served as Senator until 1807, thus his term coincided with Jefferson's administration. By the end of his term Logan's early support of party policy - he had voted in favor of the Louisiana Purchase - gave way to misgivings about the path, especially the foreign policy of Jefferson and Secretary of State James Madison. Furthermore, Logan had grown weary of politics and declined to stand for reelection. When his term was up he retired to Stenton.

By 1810 Logan was again on a private diplomatic mission, in violation of the law that bore his name. He went to London to avert the ongoing crisis between the United States and Great Britain. As the War of 1812 attests, Logan was unsuccessful. However, throughout the war Logan sought out others who might play the peacemaker, including Tsar Alexander I; he wrote President Madison and Jefferson, and was politely rebuffed. His influence was nil.

Logan spent the remainder of his years at Stenton where he continued farming and writing. He died there on April 9, 1821.

Books

Logan, Deborah Norris, Memoir of Dr. George Logan of Stenton, The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1899.

Tolles, Frederick B. George Logan of Philadelphia, Oxford University Press, 1953.

Online

"Logan, George, 1753-1821,"http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index_L000401 (February 25, 2003).

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Columbia Encyclopedia:

George Logan

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Logan, George ('gən), 1753-1821, American political figure and agriculturist, b. near Germantown (now part of Philadelphia), grandson of James Logan. After obtaining a medical degree abroad, he returned to America during the Revolution and turned from medicine to farming; at the same time he served several terms in the Pennsylvania legislature. A friend and supporter of Thomas Jefferson, he went (1798) on his own authority to France to secure its accord with the United States. His mission, in part successful, was resented by Federalists, who secured the passage of the so-called Logan Act, prohibiting civilian participation in diplomatic negotiations except by official authority. He served as U.S. Senator (1801-7) and, despite the Logan Act, went to England to reconcile differences between that country and the United States. Logan was active for many years in the furtherance of agricultural advancement.

Bibliography

See biography by F. B. Tolles (1953, repr. 1972).

Wikipedia on Answers.com:

Hinge and Bracket

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Dr. Evadne Hinge and Dame Hilda Bracket were the stage personae of the musical performance and female impersonation artists George Logan and Patrick Fyffe. Active in theatre, radio and television between 1972 and 2001, this comedy partnership entertained the public in the guise of two elderly eccentric spinsters, living genteel lives in the village of Stackton Tressel and celebrating their former careers on the provincial operatic stage.

Contents

Two Nice Old Ladies with a Musical Bent

Early appearances show Dr. Evadne and Dame Hilda ostensibly emerging from retirement to perform in concert "by popular request". "The ladies" greet their public as old friends and give recitals in which they sing, play and reminisce about their past lives on tour in opera and musical theatre in the more elegant age of the years following the Second World War.

Talented musicians and vocal performers, Logan and Fyffe played exclusively in drag and in falsetto, serving up the musical numbers in a rich sauce of spinsterish bickering which formed the dynamic of the act. Logan acted as accompanist, arranger and foil for Fyffe's vocal performances. Details of the ladies' genteel lifestyle and theatrical history were shared with the audience for comic effect. In the spirit of authenticity, Logan and Fyffe enjoyed developing a detailed backdrop and life history for their stage personae.

Having breathed life into two such authentic figures, George Logan and Patrick Fyffe declined, for the duration of their stage partnership, to be interviewed out of character. In this way, they were consciously preserving the illusion of "the ladies" for their affectionate following, many of whom preferred, at some level at least, to believe in these endearing characters as real people.

Their stage partnership spanned theatre, stage shows, radio and television, and continued for 30 years until the death of Patrick Fyffe in 2002. George Logan retired from the stage in 2004.

Dynamic of the Partnership

In a 2007 televised interview, George Logan explains how he and Patrick Fyffe collaborated on their own stage material, developing the framework for a new show around a series of ideas, then subsequently refining the gags and the timing in live performance. In Logan's words they needed to "play it like a duet with the audience" in order to perfect a show. He notes that the differences in their personalities worked to the good of the act: Logan himself was apt to work "from the head" as a performer, whereas Fyffe's approach to performing was more instinctive - a "natural comedian given to bouts of insane humour" and never happier than when deviating from the script. Part of Logan's role in such circumstances was to keep the shows on track.

Final Curtain

When Patrick Fyffe died in 2002, George Logan decided that without a Hilda there would be no more Dr. Evadne Hinge. In a television interview he spoke of working himself, but made it clear that he did not miss the Hinge persona. Feeling that the appeal of Hinge and Bracket lay more in the interaction between the two characters than with either of the separate personalities, Logan determined that the body of work he and Patrick Fyffe had created together should stand as a finished item. In a 2007 interview in which he paid tribute to his stage partner, Logan praised Fyffe's comedic genius and observed: "[Patrick was] fabulously talented, a brilliant clown and a natural comedian. Since Patrick is no longer with us, [Hinge and Bracket] can never happen again. When you've worked with the best, there'd be no point in doing second-best afterwards, so I'd rather leave it as it is".

Encore!

After Fyffe's death in 2002, and with very little of Hinge and Bracket's work available in the public domain, it seemed that the Stackton Tressel well had run dry. Since then, diligent campaigning by enthusiasts has seen recordings of the act released by the BBC on DVD, and recently, a new campaign[1] was launched calling for a celebration of the act on BBC television, in time for the 10th anniversary of Patrick Fyffe's death in 2012.

Characters and Interaction

Full Names: Dr. Evadne Mona Montpelier[2] Hinge (George Logan); Dame Hilda Nemone Bracket (Patrick Fyffe).

Dame Hilda Bracket is portrayed as a lively, fun-loving, flamboyant doyenne of opera. She takes charge of the stage and inhabits the limelight sporting a coquettish lop-sided grin and a chiffon hanky dangling at the wrist. Projecting enthusiasm and flirting shamelessly with the audience, she leads the performance with gusto, exerting a comical degree of bossiness, and occasional wilfulness, over the long-suffering Dr. Hinge.

Dr Evadne Hinge is played in sharp contrast as a reserved, austere intellectual whose role is to provide piano accompaniment, direction and, where necessary, vocal support for Dame Hilda Bracket's singing performances. Cutting a modest, almost apologetic figure on stage, Evadne slides demurely onto the piano stool and peers sideways at the audience over half-moon spectacles on a decorative chain.

Together, they play and sing songs from a traditional light-operatic repertoire, taken mainly from Gilbert & Sullivan,[3] Noel Coward and Ivor Novello ("Dear Ivor"), but occasionally "coming bang up to date" with "modern" shows such as South Pacific. Their musical turns are interspersed with comic anecdotes and frequent discursions into repartee, punctuated by flashes of cattiness and bickering. Between numbers, Hilda's wisecracking antics and Evadne's acid reactions to her companion's attention-seeking are a rich source of comedy in the act.

Early on, Dame Hilda establishes the pecking order by explaining their titles: her own damehood was awarded for "services to music and opera", whereas Evadne's "Dr." was bestowed "for hard work".

Disapproving, but never daunted by the frivolous and overbearing Hilda, Evadne raises her eyebrows and takes controlled revenge through terse and well-timed put-downs that deflate Hilda's ego. Evadne also reminds the audience at every opportunity that she is in fact younger than Hilda.

Throughout their exchanges, and notwithstanding their petty squabbles over such details as the date they first met, or which opera was in rehearsal at the time, Hilda and Evadne never fail to address each other as "Dear", and occasionally stop mid-concert for sherry, or to examine the fascinating contents of their handbags.

In spite of their petty disagreements, the ladies are portrayed as indivisible companions and an unassailable partnership.

Stage Business and Recurring Themes

Favourite devices and themes of the act

Hilda polishes her reading glasses:
A regular treat for the audience sees Hilda make a comedic meal of polishing her spectacles. Each lens in turn is breathed upon in a loud, honking baritone (hungh!) before the glasses are finally (hungh!) positioned on her nose.
Hilda's cousin's career in the military:
H-"He was in the guards..... Only for two weeks"
Cousin Evelyn ("Yes it's one of those difficult names") was caught playing [cards] with his privates. In Dear Ladies this incident was attributed to Hilda's nephew Julian instead.
Hilda checks the time on her brother's watch:
E-"Why are you wearing your brother's watch, Dear?"
H-"Because he's borrowed mine."
Cue various oblique references to cross-dressing.
Evadne's mysterious health problems:
Frequently aired in public by Hilda, Evadne's afflictions include knees prone to locking, a separate condition requiring treatment with three forms of Ralgex, and a non-specific rash. Letters from Evadne's clinic, invariably addressed to "Mrs Ming", are seized upon and read "sotto voce" by Hilda, mumbling practical instructions such as "try not to pick it".
Evadne's names:
In start-of-show announcements, the list of Evadne's names is occasionally expanded beyond the usual "Evadne Mona Montpelier[2]", to include additions such as "Pauline", "Renee", "Albuquerque" and "Liversedge". Later shows, in deference to the advent of the cyber-age, incorporate "DotCom" into this list.
Hilda compliments Evadne on her singing:
H-"Very reminiscent of Lilian Baylis, Dear."
E-"But she didn't sing, Dear".
Hilda and Evadne receive their end-of-concert presentations:
Over the applause, Hilda and Evadne are presented with gifts of appreciation by the organisers. Huge bouquets arrive for Hilda, but for Evadne, never more than a meagre token, ranging from the tiniest posy of flowers, via half a dozen eggs in a cardboard carton, to a banjo.

Favourite props

Evadne's half-moon spectacles:
Always perched on the end of Evadne's nose, and lending an appropriate air of severity to the character, these spectacles began life as a brown half-moon design on a gold chain. The second incarnation were again spectacles of brown half-moon design, but this time on a pearl chain. In 1984 on the final series of Dear Ladies, the BBC provided George Logan with a slightly different pair of brown half-moon spectacles on a chain made entirely of very large shaped pearls, Logan continued to use them on a few live stage shows (before he reverted back to the brown half-moon spectacles on a pearl chain). When Evadne's pearl chain finally broke and had to be replaced, Patrick Fyffe gave George Logan a silver chain, (which actually came from Dame Hilda's reading spectacles). Logan soon replaced this with a more dainty gold chain. In the later years, and after Logan's props were accidentally lost, Evadne peered over red half-moon spectacles on a different gold chain. Through each and every incarnation of these spectacles, Evadne's disapproving glare had the power to melt paint.
The Ladies' Handbags:
Hinge and Bracket were never seen on stage without their handbags, and with each successive concert, their bags appeared to grow in size. The clasp of Hilda's vintage 50's metal-framed carry-all closed with the snap of a crocodile's jaws, and in later years she would claim this action as an attention-getter learned from Mrs Thatcher ("...and she got it from Harold Wilson"). The handbags' contents reflected the personalities of their owners: Hilda's held little beyond her reading glasses, a chiffon hankie and the obligatory powder compact, whereas Evadne's accoutrements were a cross between a portable pharmacy and the contents of Just William's trouser-pocket. Hilda's favourite humiliation tactic was to ridicule the contents of Evadne's handbag in front of the audience.

Gay references

These were present throughout the stage shows, some examples in the television series, largely absent from the radio shows. In conversation in the televised shows, there would be various old fashioned slang references to "Dorothy", and a few racier remarks. The stage shows were the main medium for delivering gay-themed innuendo. But in musical performance, Hinge and Bracket were inveterate teasers of their audience. In the course of their shows, they performed what amounted to the entire repertoire of light opera songs containing the word "gay", additionally mining G&S classics as a rich source of double-entendre from 'The Gondoliers' "Then One Of Us Will Be A Queen", via Patience "blithe and gay" through to the story of Iolanthe, which famously had one dainty foot in fairyland. Thus would the trail of gems be laid, innocently, straight-faced and of course in impeccable context. The audience could stoop to gather these, if so they wished, but "the ladies" were always looking firmly the other way.

Lives of the Ladies: Musical & Academic Credentials

According to their invented background, the ladies won their musical spurs touring with the "Rosa Charles Opera Company", where Hilda sang lead roles and Evadne joined in the capacity of assistant to the assistant musical director, quickly rising to the full directorship. Audiences in the Seventies at least, would have recognised in this invented name a respectful nod to Carl Rosa, founder of a real-life opera troupe in England in the late 19th Century. Carl Rosa did much to popularise opera across Victorian England, and the company flourished through into the mid 20th Century, touring with the standard operatic repertoire up until 1960 - all sung, of course, in the "natural language of the civilised world": English.

Accordingly, a recurring joke in their musical act was Dame Hilda's discomfiture whenever called upon to perform an aria in its original language. With an irritable flourish, Hilda would produce from her handbag the famous reading spectacles for (hungh!) polishing, and squint impatiently at the Italian (hungh!) libretto. Cue a bravura performance from Fyffe, singing as Hilda with a smell under her nose, but nevertheless demonstrating a knowledge of Italian which was a "little more than Asti Spumante" - at least in the context of operatic performance. Hilda's back-story in fact extended to a few glorious years spent in Italy in the run-up to World War 2, studying "the rhythm method" under the large Italian operatic impresario Signor Bonavoce.

Evadne's doctorate in music (awarded at the age of 16) and reputation as a pianist preceded her, but the convention of the act demanded that, because of Hilda's "limited attention span", Evadne was always denied the opportunity to perform full pieces on stage. Once in a while, however, the audience would be treated to a brief taste of Logan's Royal Scottish Academy standard piano skills - notably Tchaikovsky's Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor (condensed to 2 minutes). Additionally, Evadne was reported to "have the advantage of French" - which she had "picked up many years ago from a wine list". Not to be outdone on this front, Hilda would attempt to compete by tossing in the odd French phrase with her customary "joie de vie" (sic) and invariably got it wrong.

The ladies' musical credentials were further supported by allusions to celebrity audience members attending their concerts - names from the world of opera and music with whom they claimed equal status. Some of these names were real figures, and actually present at their recordings - Dame Eva Turner and Olive Gilbert being two notable examples. Others were nebulous inventions, embraced by Dame Hilda's blanket welcome line to the distinguished audience: "you celebrities know who you are, so we'll say nothing".

Frequent collaborators from the world of light opera included baritones Michael Rayner and Ian Belsey.

Lives of the Ladies: Village People

Hinge and Bracket's fictional home life, referred to constantly in their shows, is further developed in the radio and television series. The invented back-story has the ladies residing in the village or small town of Stackton Tressel in Suffolk, which, in the words of Bracket, lies 17 miles from Bury St. Edmunds "as the crow flies, though there haven't been a lot of crows this year". Here, the ladies share a house called Utopia Ltd. They also share their home with three cats, Sandy the Goldfish and Milton the Budgie. Evadne is not keen on the pets, or more accurately, on Hilda's sugary attitude towards them. In one story from the television series, Sandy the goldfish is banished to a bucket under the sink when Evadne borrows his bowl to use as a crystal ball for her "Gypsy Mona" spot at the village fête.

The ladies otherwise amuse themselves with recitals of Gilbert & Sullivan,[3] Noel Coward and Ivor Novello ("Dear Ivor"), and employ an eccentric housekeeper, Maud, played in the radio series by character actress Daphne Heard (and, on her death, by Jean Heywood). Maud is characterised by her bovine devotion to "Dame 'Ilder", a barely disguised antipathy to Evadne, and a general suspicion of men. She is particularly wary of men with beards, men with moustaches, and foreign men (Evadne's French friend André, played in the radio series by André Maranne, is suspected by Maud of being a white slaver). Maud systematically breaks, steps in, ruins or otherwise bungles every aspect of her household duties, and is indulged by Hilda because of her history as Hilda's dresser from their days with the "Rosa Charles Opera Company". Evadne is constantly at loggerheads with Maud, who retorts with observations such as "we can't all be musical". The TV series did not feature Maud in person, although a couple of references were made to her in the first two episodes of Dear Ladies Series 1.

Dame Hilda drives around in her shiny open-top vintage Rolls, while Evadne is more than happy to rely on her faithful old tricycle and cart, (usually unaware that all the fruit and vegetables just bought from the local greengrocer are falling out of the back of the trailer). Fellow villagers are known by such unlikely names as Methuen Hawkins (pharmacist) and Tewkesbury Ptolman. They make guest appearances in the ladies' concerts, most notably baritone (and butcher) Tewkesbury Ptolman, who appears in a number of the shows "by kind permission of Christopher Underwood".

Theirs is a genteel English post-war world of cucumber sandwiches, bell ringing, church fêtes and ladies' bowls matches, all served with a liberal helping of old-fashioned values recalled, and a sprinkling of double entendres. But the ladies do not always play fair: in one episode, Hilda and Evadne organise the refreshments for a "friendly" inter-village football match, manned by two teams of Stanley Matthews look-alikes and intentionally poison the visiting team.

Appeal of the Act

Reinventing Drag

To label Hinge and Bracket a drag act would be to simplify their appeal and in some measure undervalue their art. Logan and Fyffe, in full "fig", not only looked, but also sang like two elderly eccentric spinsters. In addition, they created a back-story for their characters, and embellished the characterisations with detailed reminiscences. To the audiences of the Seventies, who actually remembered real-life equivalents of Evadne or Hilda - ladies in black sequinned gowns whose precise diction and vocabularies included the strange words "orf" and "gel" - such authenticity was essential. Logan and Fyffe in performance inhabited Evadne and Hilda to the very fingertips, and bolstered the illusion by channelling their own personalities through their invented characters. In the public eye, these characters existed independently of their creators.

Dropping an Octave

Though Hinge and Bracket were not a "drag act" in the traditional sense, the drag aspect was nevertheless a rich source of comic effect: in concert, a favourite device was for Hilda, Evadne or even both to suddenly drop out of falsetto in the lower registers of a song and give the audience a blast of full-blooded baritone. Such manoeuvres caught the listener unawares, because the falsetto performances were otherwise so convincing. This use of musical bathos was all the more effective because, in all other aspects of performance, Hinge and Bracket were impeccable in the image they projected: whilst they would regularly exploit the inherent disconnect of being two men in drag, they would never abandon character.

One Upmanship

As comic inventions, Evadne and Hilda operated as perfect foils for one another. Hilda would assume the lead, hog the limelight, monopolize the audience; Evadne would wait patiently for her moment, then swiftly deflate Hilda's ego with a well-aimed barb. This cycle was repeated to intense comic effect, and formed the dynamic of the act. Hilda would grandstand and linger too long over a high note, only for Evadne to race through the rest of the phrase on the piano and finish without her. Hilda fancied herself in charge of the stage, but Evadne had control of the keyboard and could undermine Hilda with a stroke of her intellect.

Moving with the Times

The appeal of Hinge and Bracket worked on several levels: gay, highbrow cultural, mainstream dotty, and pantomime dame. Over the 30 years of the comedic partnership, the transition of the act from minority interest, via arty to mainstream and populist appeal, was, arguably, reflecting the changing attitude in British society towards culture and the arts in general and gay culture in particular.

Over the years, the balance of the act shifted from musical performance towards verbal comedy and mild farce. Hinge and Bracket evolved as an act with appeal well beyond their original gay audience, but a certain level of double-entendre was carefully preserved in all media of delivery (and was always allowed more prominence in their stage shows). In the Seventies, the impression gained from watching their concert performances was that some of their more involved double-meaning gags had flown underneath the audience's radar. In the closing minutes of a concert, Patrick Fyffe as Hilda may well have expressed a wish to be seen across the road by a boy scout, whilst carrying a big bag of shillings, but this bawdy joke was wasted on an "untrained" audience in the Royal Hall Harrogate. Equally, allusions to "Dick Turpin's doings on Wimbledon Common" were softened by references to The Wombles, so that the audience were laughing before they had properly worked out what was behind the reference.

By the Nineties, the age of innocence had passed, and people were more on the alert for the gay gag: in the 1994 Regents Park anniversary show "Shaken, Not Stirred", the double meanings came in spades, and to the sharp appreciation of the audience.

But the appeal of Hinge and Bracket was never merely in the disposition of a drag act or a gay joke. The pitch was always warmth, nostalgia, musical appreciation, gentility, quasi highbrow in the recitals, playful dottiness in the radio shows, and cosy mischief - sweetness even - in the television series.

Tongue-in-Cheek Tradition

For those who preferred uncomplicated, eccentric humour, Hinge and Bracket's radio and television series served up the English village antics of these two elderly dotty spinsters like a traditional cream tea. Three television series of "Dear Ladies" arrived on screen in the Eighties as well-observed, gentle dotty humour with a flavour of post-war manners, and celebrating village life. A natural progression from "The Enchanting World of Hinge and Bracket" radio shows, and scripted by Gyles Brandreth, the television series were a framework in which Logan and Fyffe could play out in full colour their "take" on the observed behaviour of the elderly ladies of the WI and churchgoing communities of their youth. The atmosphere was borrowed from an era when people chipped in for the community, involved themselves in one another's lives and believed in the importance of cultural pursuits.

Recreating The Golden Age of Song

Although "the ladies" developed into fully rounded characters, and eventually became familiar figures on popular television and chat shows, Hinge and Bracket's definitive identity was as musical performers. In concert, they would not only perform the songs, but also express their characters' deep enjoyment of the pieces, and whilst the act's emphasis over the years moved away from singing to chat, their performances and personae stood as a tribute to amateur operatics - where the word "amateur" expressed, in its purest sense, a love of the music and of the show. On stage Patrick Fyffe conveyed nothing if not the joy of vocal performance, and trod the boards with the dignified poise and conviction (if not the voice!) of a provincial Callas. Whilst this dignity was a device deliberately to be undermined in the service of comedy, it nevertheless set a standard for the audience's expectations. Together, the figures of Hilda and Evadne represented the exuberant spirit and intellectual rigour which had underpinned an entire golden age of operatic and musical spectacle.

Music with Mischief

Because Hilda and Evadne were always portrayed as deadly serious about their music and the performing arts, an important device in the Hinge and Bracket shows was the ladies' apparent conviction that their audiences felt the same way. However, the key to the wide popularity of Hinge and Bracket lay in the skill with which they exploited that very seriousness to comic effect. Accordingly, songs which, delivered from a more conventional platform would have sounded hackneyed, melodramatic or over-sentimental, were presented to the listener in comic context, and with regular doses of stage mischief to defuse excessive sentiment, mawkishness or melodrama. In performance, the release valve could be vented in all manner of ways: on the one hand, their rendition of Novello's "We'll gather Lilacs" has both ladies bursting into tears and bawling into their chiffon hankies by verse two. On other occasions, the solemnity of a song would be undermined by Hilda's impish chortling during the more melodramatic passages (c/f Noel Coward's "Zigeuner"). In one performance, Hilda sails majestically through the first bars of Aida's aria "Ritorna vincitor" only to segue directly into a rendition of "Pedro the Fisherman" à la Gracie Fields. Hinge and Bracket had mastered their ingredients: they knew their subject, and their audience, and the science of raising a laugh.

Hinge and Bracket in the Comedic Timeline

In interview, George Logan has acknowledged that the overall style of Hinge and Bracket harked back to the era of Ealing comedy and owed a great debt to Joyce Grenfell. Borrowings from Hinge and Bracket in modern British comedy are detectable in some comic creations of recent years. Notably in the Florence and Emily ("I'm a Laydee") characters from Little Britain, and also in the eccentric personage of Hyacinth Bucket. Bucket is yet another example of singing household hardware, and in full amateur operatic flow she is reminiscent of Bracket (Braqué?) in both voice and stiff-legged gait. Also, Hyacinth's forbearing, modest but quietly competent spouse Richard bears more than a passing resemblance to Evadne, as a foil. But a comparable mix of wit, warmth and musical talent epitomised by Hinge and Bracket has not been achieved since Fyffe passed away, and Logan laid aside his half-moon spectacles.

Musical pedigree of the performers

Both George Logan and Patrick Fyffe were born into musically talented families with a strong stage background. Logan went on to study music at the Royal Academy in Glasgow and attended Glasgow University. Fyffe appeared in amateur theatre before turning professional.

In a 2007 television interview, George Logan explains that both he and Fyffe had been boy sopranos, and found themselves able to produce a falsetto voice after puberty. Patrick Fyffe's falsetto voice was additionally gifted with the full rounded tones of a mezzo soprano, and capable of producing some rousing high notes in performance. His vocal interpretations demonstrated profound emotional connection with the songs, and with his audience.

George Logan, who claims not to have seen himself as a singer in the same vein, nevertheless projected a light quavering soprano of clarion tone, and admirable breath control in the "patter" songs, whilst simultaneously providing the piano accompaniment. Though formally trained as a classical pianist, he also has the ability to play by ear, and used both skills to the benefit of the act. In many instances the material performed by Hinge and Bracket required transposition to a different key or other special musical arrangement.

Thus, the inspiration for Dr Hinge’s character as a serious musician came from Logan's formal musical background. Similarly, Patrick Fyffe's affinity with musical comedy and operetta informed the character of Dame Hilda. This meshing of the two areas of interest allowed the act to explore and exploit many different areas of the vocal music repertoire.

Early career

Patrick Fyffe and George Logan were already well acquainted from their separate appearances in London cabaret when Fyffe approached Logan to stand in briefly as the piano accompanist for his drag act. One thing led to another, and before he knew it, Logan was sitting at the keyboard in one of Fyffe's spare frocks. The names "Hinge" and "Bracket" were chosen after much deliberation, and in preference to bawdier alternatives. Fortunately so, since "Dr P. Nissen" and "Dame Ava Fanny" would hardly have flown under the radar as family entertainment in quite the same way.

From June 1972, Hinge and Bracket worked for two years around the London pubs and clubs. Most notably, they appeared at a gay Kensington restaurant, called AD8, every Sunday lunchtime. The restaurant was owned by Desmond Morgan and April Ashley. Ashley was a celebrity of the 1960s after a sex change in Morocco in 1960. Hinge and Bracket were popular with diners, and their Sunday slot became a ritual in moneyed gay society.[4]

It was from this circuit that Hinge and Bracket were recruited to appear at the 1974 Edinburgh Festival.

Their Edinburgh show was a one-hour scripted vignette, presenting them in a Victorian church hall setting, along with a visiting baritone. In this intimate atmosphere, Evadne and Hilda handed round glasses of sherry to their audience. News of the show (or the sherry) quickly spread around the festival, and after the first couple of nights, they were playing to packed houses. Immediately after Edinburgh, they moved the show to London, where they appeared for an interim fortnight at the Royal Court Theatre Upstairs, immediately followed by a six month season at The Mayfair Theatre.

The format of the show remained largely unchanged until the act moved to The Ambassador’s Theatre. One month into their run, they were approached by playwright Ray Cooney to provide a show for the late night slot. And so, the first specially commissioned Hinge and Bracket show, "Sixty Glorious Minutes", was written, and the Hinge and Bracket phenomenon was born.

Radio

Hinge and Bracket toured theatres with their double act for some years before appearing on the radio. Their first series, The Enchanting World of Hinge and Bracket, ran on BBC Radio 4 for three seasons from 1977 to 1979. Produced by James Casey at BBC Radio in Manchester and scripted by Mike Craig, Laurie Kinsley and Ron McDonnell, these programmes were a mixture of period songs and situation comedy. Actress Daphne Heard was a series regular as The Dear Ladies' housekeeper, Maud, and each show featured an appearance by a guest artiste.

The Random Jottings of Hinge and Bracket, which ran for 68 episodes on BBC Radio 2 from 1982 to 1989, was scripted by Gerald Frow, and placed the stars in a variety of comedy situations, each episode being introduced from a supposed entry in Dame Hilda's diary. With the death of Daphne Heard in 1983, Maud's mantle was assumed by character actress Jean Heywood. Maud in her later incarnation was periodically joined by her uncouth and mischievous sister Gudrun, played with bloodcurdling relish by comedienne Liz Smith.

Their final radio series, At Home with Hinge and Bracket, had the format of informal musical evenings with a celebrity guest, and ran for a single season in 1990. Guests on these shows were Anthony Newley, Rosalind Plowright, Benjamin Luxon, June Whitfield, Evelyn Laye and Jack Brymer.

Certain of the radio episodes have been re-broadcast on BBC 7 in recent years - the radio station subsequently known as BBC Radio 7 and, latterly, Radio 4 Extra.

Television

A number of Hinge and Bracket gala and concert performances were televised by the BBC between 1978 and 1983. Venues included the Royal Hall, Harrogate and the Opera House, Buxton, and the repertoire ranged from Verdi through light opera and musical comedy to music hall. In addition, the BBC recorded a "Dear Ladies Masterclass" (with early-career contributions from baritone Gerard Quinn and pianist Janet Mellor) held at the Royal Northern College of Music and a special performance, co-scripted by Gyles Brandreth, from the Princess Hall, Cheltenham Ladies' College in 1983.

Hinge and Bracket appeared in their own series called Dear Ladies on BBC 2, between 1983 and 1985. The scripts were written by Gyles Brandreth. Locations were picturesque Cheshire towns and villages, including Knutsford, Great Budworth and Nantwich. Three series were made, including a pilot. In the third series of 'Dear Ladies', a few small changes were made, perhaps the most noticeable change being Hinge wearing a slightly different pair of Brown half-moon spectacles and chain.

Stage

The two also made independent stage appearances: Dame Hilda as 'Katisha' in The Mikado and 'Ruth' in The Pirates of Penzance; and Doctor Hinge as Miss Marple in Murder at the Vicarage in 1994. The characters appeared together in Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest for a West End run, followed by a nationwide tour; and at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in a New Year’s Eve performance of Die Fledermaus, conducted by Plácido Domingo and starring Kiri Te Kanawa. They toured the UK with the Peter Shaffer play Lettice and Lovage, as well as continuing to appear in their variety act, touring with the variety show Palladium Nights until 2001). Hinge and Bracket appeared on the Royal Variety Show twice, and were selected to perform privately for the Royal Family on a number of occasions.

Fyffe (Dame Hilda) also toured a one-woman show entitled By Kind Permission, which saw Dame Hilda perform new songs (written by Fyffe, Barrie Bignold and Stuart Calvert) and perform sketches as different characters.

Patrick Fyffe

Patrick Fyffe was born on 23 January 1942 in Stafford, Staffordshire and died on 11 May 2002 at Wellington, Somerset from spinal cancer. He is outlived by his sister, the soprano Jane Fyffe, who was a performer with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in the late 1950s.

Many of Fyffe's immediate family had been active in musical theatre, but he initially trained as a hairdresser, and ran his own salon in Stafford before making a career on the stage. He was a regular star of local amateur productions, but a desire to turn professional took him to London. His early professional appearances included a 1964 production of the musical Robert and Elizabeth, at the Lyric Theatre,[5], (in which his sister played the lead for a period, and he played one of Elizabeth's brothers), and a 1971 production of the same show at the Alhambra Theatre, Glasgow.[6]

With some experience of repertory and a couple of provincial tours behind him, Fyffe invented the character of glamorous soprano "Perri St Claire". Played on stage as a sophisticated young lady with singing talent, the "Perri" character was sufficiently eye-catching to earn him some television slots, and Fyffe was asked to appear in character in a number of television series of the late sixties, notably Z-Cars and the last programme of Doctor in the House Series 1 in 1969, when he appeared as a cabaret singer.[7]. Fyffe also appeared in the first Steptoe and Son film, as a drag artist who becomes the mistaken object of Steptoe Senior's lust.

George Logan

George Logan was born on 7 July 1944 [8] in Rutherglen, Scotland, to a musical and theatrical family. He was educated at the Royal Scottish Academy Glasgow and Glasgow University, trained as a classical pianist and has a particular interest in opera and vocal music.

After leaving Glasgow, Logan worked in London as a computer programmer, but continued to use his piano skills around the London clubs and pubs, accompanying the stage acts. In 1970 he met and became friends with Patrick Fyffe, and together they formed Hinge and Bracket, making their first appearance in 1972.

Logan applied his formal training to producing all the musical arrangements for the act. Mainly because of the atypical vocal range of the performers, most of Hinge and Bracket's material required transposition or adaptation for performance.

Logan frequented the Toucan club and the Piano Bar in Soho, where he would hold court with his many tales of showbiz high jinks.

After the death of his stage partner, and a few seasons of pantomime, he retired from the stage in 2004. Having, like his stage counterpart Evadne, "the advantage of French", as well as an interest in fine food and wine, he opened a bed-and-breakfast in France, where he lives today.

A Legacy to Theatrical Music

Following special provision in Patrick Fyffe's will, The Dame Hilda Bracket Trust was established in September 2004 and registered as a charity in March 2006. The stated aims of the Trust were "to encourage and advance the education of the public in the study, performance, understanding and appreciation of theatrical music, in particular grand and light opera, operetta and musical comedy...through the establishment and maintenance of scholarships and trusts". Fyffe's stage partner, George Logan, and his housekeeper and friend, Hilary Miles, were among the appointed trustees. In 2007, it was decided that Patrick Fyffe's wishes would be best furthered if administration of the funds were handed over to an organisation with appropriate expertise and administrative capability. Accordingly, in 2007, The Dame Hilda Bracket Trust was subsumed into The Sadlers Wells Trust.

DVD release

  • Hinge and Bracket's television series Dear Ladies is available on DVD.
  • Hinge and Bracket: Gala Evenings is available on DVD, featuring over 6 hours of material.
  • The Complete Dear Ladies & Gala Evenings set is available on DVD, distributed by Acorn Media UK. This includes all three series of Dear Ladies as well as the Gala Evenings DVD.

References

  1. ^ The TV Tribute Initiative is referenced on the Official H&B website home page.
  2. ^ a b Specific reference to the non-standard spelling of "Montpelier" is made in an episode of "The Random Jottings of Hinge and Bracket".
  3. ^ a b Among other recordings of Gilbert and Sullivan songs by Hinge and Bracket are the following: Hinge and Bracket Volume 1, EMI records on the One-Up label, catalogue number OU 2125 issued 1976 (G&S items: "Sing Hey to You" from Patience and "Poor Wand'ring One" from The Pirates of Penzance); An Evening with Hinge and Bracket, EMI records One-Up, OU 2181, 1977 (includes "Blameless Dances" from Ruddigore and "Regular Royal Queen" from the Act I finale of The Gondoliers); and Hinge and Bracket at Abbey Road, EMI records, NTS 201, 1980 (includes "Things are Seldom What They Seem" from H.M.S. Pinafore and "So Please You Sir We Much Regret" from The Mikado).
  4. ^ Vernon Page, personal recollection of AD8 (henrypage.personal@gmail.com)
  5. ^ Programme
  6. ^ Programme Robert and Elizabeth - Glasgow University's Special Collections Department
  7. ^ Network DVD; 'Pass or Fail', Doctor in the House, 1969.
  8. ^ Daily Express Whatever Happened to Hinge from Hinge & Bracket?, 19 August 2006)

External links


 
 

 

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$copyright.smallImage.alttext Gale Encyclopedia of Biography. Gale Encyclopedia of Biography. © 2006 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more
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