Lombard

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The term Lombard refers to members of or things related, directly or indirectly, to the Lombards (Longobardi), a Germanic tribe that dominated northern Italy and adjoining areas from the 6th to 8th centuries. Uses of the term include:

History and culture

• Lombard banking, Lombard is a historical term for pawn shops or moneychangers in the Middle Ages
• Lombard League, a medieval alliance of some 30 cities in Northern Italy
• Lombard rhythm, a musical rhythm, especially used in Baroque music
• Lombardy, the region of northern Italy dominated by the Lombards

Language

• The current Lombard language, a Romance language spoken in parts of Switzerland and Northern Italy
• The extinct Lombardic language (Longobardic), a Germanic language spoken by the Longobards
• Lombard effect, a phenomenon in which a speaker or singer involuntarily raises his or her vocal intensity in the presence of high levels of sound

People

• Carole Lombard (1908–1942), a Hollywood actress
• George Lombard (born 1975), Major League Baseball player
• Gustav Lombard (1895–1992), German General of the Waffen SS
• Lambert Lombard (1505–1566), a Flemish Renaissance architect
• Louise Lombard (born 1970), a British actress
• Peter Lombard (c. 1100–1160) , a scholastic philosopher and bishop of the 12th century
• Yvonne Lombard (born 1929), a Swedish actress known from the film A Lesson in Love
• Étienne Lombard (1869–1920), a French otolaryngologist known for discovering the Lombard effect

Commerce

• ICICI Lombard, an insurance company in India
• Le Lombard (or Editions Lombard), the Belgian comic book publisher
• Lombard Bank, a bank in Malta
• Lombard credit, a form of lending used by central banks
• Lombard Direct, an insurance company in the United Kingdom

Places

• Lombard, Doubs, a commune of the Doubs département in France
• Lombard, Jura, a commune of the Jura département in France
• Lombard, Illinois, United States

Other

• Automobiles Lombard, a French automobile manufacturer
• Lombard, codename of third generation PowerBook G3 laptop computers made by Apple Computer from 1999 to 2001
• Anna Lombard, a 1901 novel by Annie Sophie Cory writing as Victoria Cross
• Lombard (band), Polish rock band
• Lombard College, a now defunct institution of higher education in Galesburg, Illinois
• "Lombard" (Miami Vice), an episode from the Miami Vice television series

See also

• Lombard Street (disambiguation)
• Lombardo, a family name
• Lombardi (disambiguation)

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