loom

Dictionary: loom¹ (lūm) pronunciation

intr.v., loomed, loom·ing, looms.

To come into view as a massive, distorted, or indistinct image: "I faced the icons that loomed through the veil of incense" (Fergus M. Bordewich). See synonyms at appear.
To appear to the mind in a magnified and threatening form: "Stalin looms over the whole human tragedy of 1930-1933" (Robert Conquest).
To seem imminent; impend: Revolution loomed but the aristocrats paid no heed.

n.
A distorted, threatening appearance of something, as through fog or darkness.

[Perhaps of Scandinavian origin.]

loom² (lūm) pronunciation

n.
An apparatus for making thread or yarn into cloth by weaving strands together at right angles.

tr.v., loomed, loom·ing, looms.
To weave (a tapestry, for example) on a loom.

[Middle English lome, from Old English gelōma, tool : ge-, collective pref.; see yclept + -lōma, tool (as in handlōman, tools).]

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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: loom

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(click to enlarge)
Principal parts of a traditional hand loom. (credit: © Merriam-Webster Inc.)

Machine for weaving cloth. The earliest looms, from the 5th millennium BC, consisted of bars or beams forming a frame to hold a number of parallel threads in two alternating sets. By raising one set of these threads (which together formed the warp), it was possible to run a cross thread (a weft, or filling) between them. A shuttle carried the filling strand through the warp. The fundamental operation of the loom remained unchanged, but over centuries many improvements were introduced in both Asia and Europe. The drawloom, probably invented in Asia for silk weaving, provided a means for raising warp threads in groups as required by a pattern. In the 18th century Jacques de Vaucanson and J.-M. Jacquard mechanized this function by the ingenious use of punched cards; the cards programmed the mechanical drawboy, saving labour and eliminating errors (see Jacquard loom). In England the inventions of John Kay (flying shuttle), Edmund Cartwright (power drive), and others contributed to the Industrial Revolution, in which the loom and other textile machinery played a central role.

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Thesaurus: loom

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verb

To come into view: appear, emerge, issue, materialize, show. Idioms: makeput inan appearance, meet the eye. See see/not see.
To be imminent: brew, hang over, impend, lower¹, menace, overhang, threaten. See near/far/distance.

Archaeology Dictionary: loom

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[Ar]

A frame used in weaving cloth. See warp-weighted loom, upright loom, horizontal loom.

Columbia Encyclopedia: loom

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loom, frame or machine used for weaving; there is evidence that the loom has been in use since 4400 B.C.

Modern looms are of two types, those with a shuttle (the part that carries the weft through the shed) and those without; the latter draw the weft from a stationary supply. There are basically three kinds of shuttleless looms. The dummy shuttle, the most widely used, contains no weft but moves through the shed depositing a trail of yarn. A second type, the newest of looms, makes use of jets of air or water to force the weft through the shed. A third kind, called the rapier type and widely used in carpet weaving, uses steel rods to move the weft into the shed.

The fundamental parts of all looms are the warp beam, a cylinder on which the warp threads are wound; heddles (rods or cords), each with an eye through which is drawn a warp thread; the harness, a rectangular frame set with a series of heddles operated to form a shed between the warp threads for the insertion of the weft threads; the reed, a comblike frame that pushes the filling yarn firmly against the finished cloth after each pick, or row; the breastbeam, over which the cloth is wound creating a tension with the warp beam; the cloth beam, on which the cloth is rolled as it is constructed; and the shuttle, if it is not a shuttleless loom.

Vertical looms, such as the Navajo and some tapestry looms, developed from the practice of hanging the warp beam from a tree and holding the yarns taut with stones, pegs, or a weighted pole. The horizontal form, at first two poles holding the warp extended on the ground, was widely used for the Western European handloom and for the foot loom, the forerunner of the modern power loom. In the foot loom the harnesses were operated by treadles, leaving the hands free to pass and catch the shuttle. John Kay invented (1733) the automatic fly shuttle, and in 1760 his son Robert devised a drop box by which trays automatically brought bobbins of colored threads in line as desired. These aids to weaving encouraged inventions to speed up spinning, which in turn made faster weaving essential.

Edmund Cartwright patented (1785) the first practical power loom, the basis of the modern loom with its multiplicity of automatic devices. By 1804, Joseph Marie Jacquard had perfected an attachment applicable to the power loom whereby any design might be woven on it. In the modern Jacquard, one repeat of the design is laid out on squared paper, then punched on cards that are laced into a continuous chain rotated on an overhead device. The cards are brought in contact with needles, each controlling a wire that lifts a heddle when the needle passes through a hold in the card. In the Lefier robot, a design made on copper with insulating paint is transmitted by electricity to needles that lift the heddles.

Word Tutor: loom

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IN BRIEF: A machine for weaving yarn into cloth. Also: To come into sight in an unexpected or frightening way.

I go walking, and the hills loom above me, range upon range, one against the other. — Chiang Kai-shek

Translations: Loom

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - væv, vævestol

2.
v. intr. - dukke frem, tone frem, tegne sig i et utydeligt omrids, rejse sig truende, tårne sig op
n. - fortoning, skær

idioms:

loom large skrolle, tårne sig op, træde stærkt i forgrunden

Nederlands (Dutch)
opdoemen, dreigend oprijzen, boven het hoofd hangen, weefgetouw, weefstoel, vage verschijning, steel van roeispaan, ijsduiker (vogel)

Français (French)
1.
n. - métier à tisser

2.
v. intr. - surgir (au dessus de), menacer (une guerre), s'approcher dangereusement
n. - menace

idioms:

loom large peser lourd, occuper une place importante

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Webstuhl, Weben

2.
v. - auftauchen, sich abzeichnen, undeutlich sichtbar werden
n. - undeutliches Sichtbarwerden, (drohendes) Aufragen

idioms:

loom large sich bedrohlich erheben

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - αναφαίνομαι, ξεπροβάλλω, διαφαίνομαι, διακρίνομαι, επικρέμαμαι, προσεγγίζω (απειλητικά), επαπειλώ
n. - αργαλειός

idioms:

loom large κυριαρχώ, προσλαμβάνω απειλητικές διαστάσεις

Italiano (Italian)
incombere, telaio

idioms:

loom large profilarsi enorme

Português (Portuguese)
v. - aparecer, avultar
n. - tear (m) (Téc.), tecelagem (f) (Téc.), vulto (m)

idioms:

loom large aparecer de modo ameaçador

Русский (Russian)
неясно вырисовываться, принимать угрожающие размеры, смутные очертания, ткацкий станок, ткачество

idioms:

loom large выглядеть угрожающим

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - guión, somorgujo

2.
v. intr. - aparecer, asomar, destacar, descollar, brillar, vislumbrarse
n. - telar, silueta borrosa

idioms:

loom large de mucha importancia

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - (hotfullt) dyka fram (upp), framträda, resa sig, skymta otydligt, förtona sig
n. - svag skymt, vag kontur, vävstol, lom (på åra)

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 隐约地出现, 阴森地逼近, 隐约呈现的形象

idioms:

loom large 显得突出

2. 隐约呈现的形象

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 隱約呈現的形象

2.
v. intr. - 隱約地出現, 陰森地逼近
n. - 隱約呈現的形象

idioms:

loom large 顯得突出

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 베틀 , 직기, 직조, 베의 자루

2.
v. intr. - 어렴풋이 나타나다, 기분 나쁘게 다가오다
n. - 어렴풋이 보이기 시작하는 일[모습]

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - はた織り機, 織機
v. - ぼうっと現れる, 無気味に迫る, ぼんやり現れる

idioms:

loom large 大変なことのように思う

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) يلوح, يبدو في شكل ضخم أو مغالى فيه أو غير واضح, كأنه يهدد بوشك الوقوع, ينسج على النول (الاسم) نول, المظهر غير الواضح, طيف يلوح من بعيد على نحو غير واضح‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮נול, מכונת אריגה‬
v. intr. - ‮הופיע, הגיח, נראה במעורפל, לבש צורה מאיימת, היה קרוב עד כדי איום (מאורע)‬
n. - ‮מראה ראשון לא ברור ולעתים מוגזם של אדמה בים‬

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		Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more
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