machine
American Heritage Dictionary:
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ma·chine
(mə-shēn') 
n.
Of, relating to, or felt to resemble a machine: machine repairs; machine politics.
v., -chined, -chin·ing, -chines. v.tr.
To cut, shape, or finish by machine.
v.intr.
To be cut, shaped, or finished by machine: This metal machines easily.
machineless ma·chine'less adj.
n.
- A device consisting of fixed and moving parts that modifies mechanical energy and transmits it in a more useful form.
- A simple device, such as a lever, a pulley, or an inclined plane, that alters the magnitude or direction, or both, of an applied force; a simple machine.
- A system or device for doing work, as an automobile or a jackhammer, together with its power source and auxiliary equipment.
- A system or device, such as a computer, that performs or assists in the performance of a human task: The machine is down.
- An intricate natural system or organism, such as the human body.
- A person who acts in a rigid, mechanical, or unconscious manner.
- An organized group of people whose members are or appear to be under the control of one or more leaders: a political machine.
- A device used to produce a stage effect, especially a mechanical means of lowering an actor onto the stage.
- A literary device used to produce an effect, especially the introduction of a supernatural being to resolve a plot.
- An answering machine: Leave a message on my machine if I'm not home.
Of, relating to, or felt to resemble a machine: machine repairs; machine politics.
v., -chined, -chin·ing, -chines. v.tr.
To cut, shape, or finish by machine.
v.intr.
To be cut, shaped, or finished by machine: This metal machines easily.
[French, from Old French, from Latin māchina, from Greek mākhanā, dialectal variant of mēkhanē.]
machinable ma·chin'a·ble adj.machineless ma·chine'less adj.
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia:
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machine
Device that amplifies or replaces human or animal effort to accomplish a physical task. A machine may be further defined as a device consisting of two or more parts that transmit or modify force and motion in order to do work. The five simple machines are the lever, the wedge, the wheel and axle, the pulley, and the screw; all complex machines are combinations of these basic devices. The operation of a machine may involve the transformation of chemical, thermal, electrical, or nuclear energy into mechanical energy, or vice versa. All machines have an input, an output, and a transforming or modifying and transmitting device. Machines that receive their input energy from a natural source (such as air currents, moving water, coal, petroleum, or uranium) and transform it into mechanical energy are known as prime movers; examples include windmills, waterwheels, turbines, steam engines, and internal-combustion engines.
For more information on machine, visit Britannica.com.
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A combination of rigid or resistant bodies having definite motions and capable of performing useful work. The term mechanism is closely related but applies only to the physical arrangement that provides for the definite motions of the parts of a machine. For example, a wristwatch is a mechanism, but it does no useful work and thus is not a machine. Machines vary widely in appearance, function, and complexity from the simple hand-operated paper punch to the ocean liner, which is itself composed of many simple and complex machines. See also Machinery; Simple machine.
Computer Desktop Encyclopedia:
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machine
Any electronic or electromechanical unit of equipment. A machine is always hardware; however, "engine" refers to hardware or software.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
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The first machines
Simple machines are devices that do nothing but change the direction, duration, or size of a force. The single pulley is the dullest simple machine, changing only direction. Most other simple machines are variations on the lever or the inclined plane -- for example, the wheel and axle (or crank handle) is a rotary lever, the wedge is a pair of inclined planes, and the screw is a helical inclined plane.
Which simple machines were used by early humans? The earliest stone tool is a form of wedge, as are most stone tools. The handle of an axe or hammer is a form of lever, so hafted axe heads (in use by the middle of the Old Stone Age) qualify as simple machines. Other early evidence of thoughtful use of simple machines before Neolithic times is hard to come by. However, it is easy to believe, although difficult to prove, that early humans used levers to turn or lift heavy objects.
An important application of the lever from about 15,000 bp is the spear thrower, or atlatl, an extension of the human arm used to translate a small motion near the shoulder into a large motion near the end of the spear thrower. Since the time of the motion does not change while the length of the motion increases, the result is a higher velocity for the spear thrown. The higher velocity gives the spear greater momentum, useful either for distance or for penetrating power.
Perhaps the most sophisticated simple machine is the compound pulley, in which mechanical advantage is cleverly obtained with no visible levers. The compound pulley appears to have been invented in Hellenistic times, about 200 bce.
Oxford Dictionary of Politics:
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machine
Those who control the mass organization of a political party within a locality. The word was given its sinister connotations from its first use in the United States in the late nineteenth century. It was used to describe urban groups in which politicians solicited votes and delivered favours in return. The favours might be jobs, welfare, or (in the upper reaches) contracts. The machine is wittily described by one of its bosses in W. L. Riordon (ed.), Plunkitt of Tammany Hall (1905). The machine survived attacks on it by the Progressives but had died out even in Chicago by the 1970s.
The term was also applied to Joseph Chamberlain's machine in late nineteenth-century Birmingham, and entrenched Labour Party machines in some cities in the twentieth century. These, too, have disappeared.
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A device that helps to perform work. Machines use energy in one form, modify it, and deliver it in a form more suited to its desired purpose. A simple lever can be regarded as a machine.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
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machine
machine, arrangement of moving and stationary mechanical parts used to perform some useful work or to provide transportation. From a historical perspective, many of the first machines were the result of human efforts to improve war-making capabilities; the term engineer at one time had an exclusively military connotation. In the United States the original colonies were not permitted to make or import machine tools; it was only after the Revolution that the first manufacturing machines were built (c.1790) by Samuel Slater for a textile mill in Pawtucket, R.I.
Types of Machines
By means of a machine an applied force is increased, its direction is changed, or one form of motion or energy is changed into another form. Thus defined, such simple devices as the lever, the pulley, the inclined plane, the screw, and the wheel and axle are machines. They are called simple machines; more complicated machines are merely combinations of them. Of the five, the lever, the pulley, and the inclined plane are primary; the wheel and axle and the screw are secondary. The wheel and axle combination is a rotary lever, while the screw may be considered an inclined plane wound around a core. The wedge is a double inclined plane.
Complex machines are designated, as a rule, by the operations they perform; the complicated devices used for sawing, planing, and turning, for example, are known as sawing machines, planing machines, and turning machines respectively and as machine tools collectively. Machines used to transform other forms of energy (as heat) into mechanical energy are known as engines, i.e. the steam engine or the internal-combustion engine. The electric motor transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. Its operation is the reverse of that of the electric generator, which transforms the energy of falling water or steam into electrical energy.
Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency of Machines
By means of a machine, a small force, or effort, can be applied to move a much greater resistance, or load. In doing so, however, the applied force must move through a much greater distance than it would if it could move the load directly. The mechanical advantage (MA) of a machine is the factor by which it multiplies any applied force. The MA may be calculated from the ratio of the forces involved or from the ratio of the distances through which they move. Ideally, the two ratios are equal, and it is simpler to calculate the ratio of the distance the effort moves to the distance the resistance moves; this is called the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA). In any real machine some of the effort is used to overcome friction. Thus, the ratio of the resistance force to the effort, called the actual mechanical advantage (AMA), is less than the IMA.
The efficiency of any machine measures the degree to which friction and other factors reduce the actual work output of the machine from its theoretical maximum. A frictionless machine would have an efficiency of 100%. A machine with an efficiency of 20% has an output only one fifth of its theoretical output. The efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of its output (resistance multiplied by the distance it is moved) to its input (effort multiplied by the distance through which it is exerted); it is also equal to the ratio of the AMA to the IMA. This does not mean that low-efficiency machines are of limited use. An automobile jack, for example, must overcome a great deal of friction and therefore has low efficiency, but it is extremely valuable because small effort can be applied to lift a great weight.
Although most machines are used to multiply an effort so that it may move a greater resistance, they may have other purposes. For example, a single, fixed pulley merely changes the direction of the applied force; the pulley may make it easier to lift the load, since a person can pull down on a rope, thus adding his or her own weight to the effort, rather than simply lifting the load. In a catapult an effort greater than the load moves through a short distance, causing the load to be moved through a large distance before being released. As the load is being moved, it picks up speed so that it is traveling at a considerable velocity when it leaves the catapult.
Word Tutor:
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machine
IN BRIEF: A combination of parts that transmit forces, motion, and energy to do some desired work.
One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.
— Elbert Hubbard, (1856-1915), American writer & printer.
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Sign Language Videos:
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machine
sign description: Both open 5-hands come together interlocking fingers. The hands then bounce up and down.
Random House Word Menu:
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categories related to 'machine'
- Machinery and Mechanical Devices - machine: any device or instrument composed of interrelated functioning parts that aids in performing work by transmitting or modifying force or motion
- Fabrication and Manufacturing Processes - machine: (vb) make or shape by action of machines
- Party Functions and Political Practices - machine: disciplined influential political organization, esp. under control of boss or clique
See crossword solutions for the clue Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Machine
This article is about devices that perform tasks. For other uses, see Machine (disambiguation).
Further information: Equipment (disambiguation)
A machine is a tool consisting of one or more parts that is constructed to achieve a particular goal. Machines are powered devices, usually mechanically, chemically, thermally or electrically powered, and are frequently motorized. Historically, a device required moving parts to classify as a machine; however, the advent of electronics technology has led to the development of devices without moving parts that are considered machines.[1]
The word "machine" is derived from the Latin word machina,[1] which in turn derives from the Doric Greek μαχανά (machana), Ionic Greek μηχανή (mechane) "contrivance, machine, engine"[2] and that from μῆχος (mechos), "means, expedient, remedy".[3] The meaning of machine is traced by the Oxford English Dictionary[4] to an independently functioning structure and by Merriam-Webster Dictionary[5] to something that has been constructed. This includes human design into the meaning of machine.
A simple machine is a device that simply transforms the direction or magnitude of a force, but a large number of more complex machines exist. Examples include vehicles, electronic systems, molecular machines, computers, television and radio.
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Contents
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History
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This section requires expansion. |
Perhaps the first example of a human made device designed to manage power is the hand axe, made by chipping flint to form a wedge. A wedge is a simple machine that transforms lateral force and movement of the tool into a transverse splitting force and movement of the workpiece.
The idea of a "simple machine" originated with the Greek philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who studied the "Archimedean" simple machines: lever, pulley, and screw.[6][7] He discovered the principle of mechanical advantage in the lever.[8] Later Greek philosophers defined the classic five simple machines (excluding the inclined plane) and were able to roughly calculate their mechanical advantage.[9] Heron of Alexandria (ca. 10–75 AD) in his work Mechanics lists five mechanisms that can "set a load in motion"; lever, windlass, pulley, wedge, and screw,[7] and describes their fabrication and uses.[10] However the Greeks' understanding was limited to the statics of simple machines; the balance of forces, and did not include dynamics; the tradeoff between force and distance, or the concept of work.
During the Renaissance the dynamics of the Mechanical Powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how much useful work they could perform, leading eventually to the new concept of mechanical work. In 1586 Flemish engineer Simon Stevin derived the mechanical advantage of the inclined plane, and it was included with the other simple machines. The complete dynamic theory of simple machines was worked out by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in 1600 in Le Meccaniche ("On Mechanics").[11][12] He was the first to understand that simple machines do not create energy, only transform it.[11]
The classic rules of sliding friction in machines were discovered by Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519), but remained unpublished in his notebooks. They were rediscovered by Guillaume Amontons (1699) and were further developed by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1785).[13]
Types
Mechanical
Main articles: Machine (mechanical) and Mechanical engineering
Simple machines
The idea that a machine can be broken down into simple movable elements led Archimedes to define the lever, pulley and screw as simple machines. By the time of the Renaissance this list increased to include the wheel and axle, wedge and inclined plane.
Engines
Main article: engine
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion.[15][16] Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines (such as steam engines) burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to create motion. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, pneumatic motors use compressed air and others, such as wind-up toys use elastic energy. In biological systems, molecular motors like myosins in muscles use chemical energy to create motion.
Electrical
Electrical machine
Main article: Electrical machine
An electrical machine is the generic name for a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, or changes alternating current from one voltage level to a different voltage level.
Electronic machine
Main article: Electronics
Electronics is the branch of physics, engineering and technology dealing with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and is usually applied to information and signal processing. Similarly, the ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a working system.
Computing machines
Computers store and manipulate the flow of electrons, with patterns in this storage and flow being interpreted as information manipulation. See State machine and Turing machine.
Charles Babbage designed various machines to tabulate logarithms and other functions in 1837. His Difference engine is the first mechanical calculator. This machine is considered to be the forerunner of the modern computer though none of them were built in his lifetime.
Molecular machines
Study of the molecules and proteins that are the basis of biological functions has led to the concept of a molecular machine. For example, current models of the operation of the kinesin molecule that transports vesicles inside the cell as well as the myocin molecule that operates against actin to cause muscle contraction; these molecules control movement in response to chemical stimuli.
Researchers in nano-technology are working to construct molecules that perform movement in response to a specific stimulus. In contrast to molecules such as kinesin and myosin, these nano-machines or molecular machines are constructions like traditional machines that are designed to perform in a task.
Machine elements
Main article: machine element
Machines are assembled from standardized types of components. These elements consist of mechanisms that control movement in various ways such as gear trains, transistor switches, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, brakes and clutches, and structural components such as frame members and fasteners.
Modern machines include sensors, actuators and computer controllers. The shape, texture and color of covers provide a styling and operational interface between the mechanical components of a machine and its users.
Mechanisms
Assemblies within a machine that control movement are often called "mechanisms." [17][18] Mechanisms are generally classified as gears and gear trains, cam and follower mechanisms, and linkages, though there are other special mechanisms such as clamping linkages, indexing mechanisms and friction devices such as brakes and clutches.
For more details on mechanical machines see Machine (mechanical) and Mechanical systems.
Controllers
Controllers combine sensors, logic, and actuators to maintain the performance of components of a machine. Perhaps the best known is the flyball governor for a steam engine. Examples of these devices range from a thermostat that as temperature rises opens a valve to cooling water to speed controllers such the cruise control system in an automobile. The programmable logic controller replaced relays and specialized control mechanisms with a programmable computer. Servomotors that accurately position a shaft in response to an electrical command are the actuators that make robotic systems possible.
Design
Main article: engineering
Design plays an important role in all three of the major phases of a product lifecycle:
- invention, which involves the identification of a need, development of requirements, concept generation, prototype development, manufacturing, and verification testing;
- performance engineering involves enhancing manufacturing efficiency, reducing service and maintenance demands, adding features and improving effectiveness, and validation testing;
- recycle is the decommissioning and disposal phase and includes recovery and reuse of materials and components.
Impact
Industrial revolution
Main article: industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and eventually the rest of the world.
Starting in the later part of the 18th century, there began a transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual labour and draft-animal–based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal.[19]
Mechanization and automation
Main articles: Mechanization and automation
Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is providing human operators with machinery that assists them with the muscular requirements of work or displaces muscular work. In some fields, mechanization includes the use of hand tools. In modern usage, such as in engineering or economics, mechanization implies machinery more complex than hand tools and would not include simple devices such as an un-geared horse or donkey mill. Devices that cause speed changes or changes to or from reciprocating to rotary motion, using means such as gears, pulleys or sheaves and belts, shafts, cams and cranks, usually are considered machines. After electrification, when most small machinery was no longer hand powered, mechanization was synonymous with motorized machines.[20]
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.
Automata
Main article: automaton
An automaton (plural: automata or automatons) is a self-operating machine. The word is sometimes used to describe a robot, more specifically an autonomous robot. An alternative spelling, now obsolete, is automation.[21]
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Machines |
Main articles: Outline of machines and Outline of industrial machinery
References
- ^ a b The American Heritage Dictionary, Second College Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., 1985.
- ^ "μηχανή", Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus project
- ^ "μῆχος", Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus project
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary Definition of machine
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1988), Understanding Physics, New York, New York, USA: Barnes & Noble, p. 88, ISBN 0-88029-251-2, http://books.google.com/books?id=pSKvaLV6zkcC&pg=PA88&dq=Asimov+simple+machine&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ a b Chiu, Y. C. (2010), An introduction to the History of Project Management, Delft: Eburon Academic Publishers, pp. 42, ISBN 90-5972-437-2, http://books.google.com/books?id=osNrPO3ivZoC&pg=PA42&dq=%22heron+of+alexandria%22++load+motion#v=onepage&q=%22heron%20of%20alexandria%22%20%20load%20motion&f=false
- ^ Ostdiek, Vern; Bord, Donald (2005). Inquiry into Physics. Thompson Brooks/Cole. p. 123. ISBN 0-534-49168-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=7kz2pd14hPUC&pg=PA123. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
- ^ Usher, Abbott Payson (1988). A History of Mechanical Inventions. USA: Courier Dover Publications. pp. 98. ISBN 0-486-25593-X. http://books.google.com/books?id=xuDDqqa8FlwC&pg=PA196#v=snippet&q=wedge%20and%20screw&f=false.
- ^ Strizhak, Viktor; Igor Penkov, Toivo Pappel (2004). "Evolution of design, use, and strength calculations of screw threads and threaded joints". HMM2004 International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms. Kluwer Academic publishers. p. 245. ISBN 1-4020-2203-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=FqZvlMnjqY0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22archimedean+simple+machine%22&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b Krebs, Robert E. (2004). Groundbreaking Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Middle Ages. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 163. ISBN 0-313-32433-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=MTXdplfiz-cC&pg=PA163&dq=%22mechanics+Galileo+analyzed%22#v=onepage&q=%22mechanics%20Galileo%20analyzed%22&f=false. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Stephen, Donald; Lowell Cardwell (2001). Wheels, clocks, and rockets: a history of technology. USA: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 85–87. ISBN 0-393-32175-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=BSfpFLV1nkAC&pg=PA86&dq=%22simple+machine%22+galileo#v=onepage&q=%22simple%20machine%22%20galileo&f=false.
- ^ Armstrong-Hélouvry, Brian (1991). Control of machines with friction. USA: Springer. pp. 10. ISBN 0-7923-9133-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=0zk_zI3xACgC&pg=PA10&dq=friction+leonardo+da+vinci+amontons+coulomb#v=onepage&q=friction%20leonardo%20da%20vinci%20amontons%20coulomb&f=false.
- ^ Chambers, Ephraim (1728), "Table of Mechanicks", Cyclopaedia, A Useful Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (London, England) Volume 2: p. 528, Plate 11.
- ^ "Motor". Dictionary.reference.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/motor. Retrieved 2011-05-09. "a person or thing that imparts motion, esp. a contrivance, as a steam engine, that receives and modifies energy from some natural source in order to utilize it in driving machinery."
- ^ Dictionary.com: (World heritage) "3. any device that converts another form of energy into mechanical energy to produce motion"
- ^ Reuleaux, F., 1876 The Kinematics of Machinery, (trans. and annotated by A. B. W. Kennedy), reprinted by Dover, New York (1963)
- ^ J. J. Uicker, G. R. Pennock, and J. E. Shigley, 2003, Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Oxford University Press, New York.
- ^ Beck B., Roger (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: McDougal Littell.
- ^ Jerome (1934) gives the industry classification of machine tools as being "other than hand power". Beginning with the 1900 U.S. census, power use was part of the definition of a factory, distinguishing it from a workshop.
- ^ "U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Patent# 40891, Toy Automation". Google Patents. http://www.google.com/patents?id=QhIAAAAAEBAJ&dq=patent:40891%7C. Retrieved 2007-01-07.
Further reading
- Oberg, Erik; Franklin D. Jones, Holbrook L. Horton, and Henry H. Ryffel (2000). ed. Christopher J. McCauley, Riccardo Heald, and Muhammed Iqbal Hussain. ed. Machinery's Handbook (26th edition ed.). New York: Industrial Press Inc.. ISBN 0-8311-2635-3.
- Reuleaux, Franz; (trans. and annotated by A. B. W. Kennedy) (1876). The Kinematics of Machinery. New York: reprinted by Dover (1963).
- Uicker, J. J.; G. R. Pennock and J. E. Schigley (2003). Theory of Machines and Mechanisms. New York: Oxford University Press.
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
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Machine
Dansk (Danish)
n. - maskine, automat, maskineri
v. tr. - bearbejde, forarbejde, fabrikere
v. intr. - bearbejde, forarbejde
adj. - maskinelt
idioms:
- life-support machine respirator, hjerte-lungemaskine
- machine code maskinkode
- machine gun maskingevær
- machine language maskinsprog
- machine tool værktøjsmaskine
Nederlands (Dutch)
machine, voertuig (m.n. auto), apparaat, toneelmachine, levend organisme, systeem in levend organisme, organisatie, literair hulpmiddel, machinaal bewerken
Français (French)
n. - machine, (fig) machine
v. tr. - (Ind) usiner, façonner, coudre, ou piquer (à la machine)
v. intr. - (Ind) usiner, façonner, coudre, ou piquer (à la machine)
adj. - façonné, en usine, d'usine
idioms:
- life-support machine système/appareil de respiration artificielle
- machine code (Comput) code machine
- machine gun mitrailleuse
- machine language (Comput) langage machine
- machine tool machine-outil
Deutsch (German)
n. - Maschine, Apparat
adj. - Maschinen...
v. - maschinell herstellen, maschinell bearbeiten, mit der Maschine nähen
idioms:
- life-support machine lebenserhaltende Maschine
- machine code (Comp.) Maschinensprache
- machine gun Maschinengewehr
- machine language (Comp.) Maschinensprache
- machine tool Werkzeugmaschine
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - μηχανή, μηχάνημα, μηχανισμός
adj. - μηχανικός, της μηχανής
idioms:
- life-support machine μηχανική στήριξη ζωής
- machine code (Η/Υ) κώδικας μηχανής
- machine gun (στρατ.) πολυβόλο
- machine language (Η/Υ) γλώσσα μηχανής
- machine tool εργαλειομηχανή, μηχανικό εργαλείο
Italiano (Italian)
macchina, apparecchio, dispositivo
idioms:
- machine code linguaggio di computer
- machine gun mitragliatrice
- machine language linguaggio di computer
- machine tool macchina utensile
Português (Portuguese)
n. - máquina (f), autômato (m), automóvel (m)
adj. - mecânico
idioms:
- life-support machine equipamento que mantém a pessoa viva (m)
- machine code código de máquina (m) (Comp.)
- machine gun metralhadora (f)
- machine language linguagem de máquina (f) (Comp.)
- machine tool máquina operatriz (f) (Comp.)
Русский (Russian)
машина, механизм, станок, транспортное средство, обрабатывать на станке
idioms:
- life-support machine система поддержания жизнедеятельности организма
- machine code язык программирования, который определенный тип компьютера может читать
- machine gun пулемет, вести огонь из пулемета
- machine language машинный язык
- machine tool станок
Español (Spanish)
n. - máquina, motor, locomotora, aparato, tramoya, maquinaria, mecanismo, máquina expendedora
v. tr. - trabajar a máquina, tornear
v. intr. - trabajar a máquina
adj. - de máquina o motor
idioms:
- life-support machine sistema de respiración artificial
- machine code código de máquina
- machine gun ametralladora
- machine language lenguaje de computadora
- machine tool máquina herramienta
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - maskin, maskineri
adj. - maskinell
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
机器, 计算机, 机械, 汽车, 以机器制造, 用机器加工, 机器的, 机械的, 机器加工的, 机器制造的
idioms:
- life-support machine 航天员等的生命维持系统, 生命保障系统
- machine code 机器代码
- machine gun 机关枪
- machine language 机械语言, 计算机语言, 实体指示
- machine tool 机床, 工具机
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 機器, 電腦, 機械, 汽車
v. tr. - 以機器製造
v. intr. - 用機器加工
adj. - 機器的, 機械的, 機器加工的, 機器製造的
idioms:
- life-support machine 太空人等的生命維持系統, 生命保障系統
- machine code 機器代碼
- machine gun 機關槍
- machine language 機械語言, 電腦語言, 實體指示
- machine tool 機床, 工具機
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 기계, 기계적으로 일하는 사람
v. tr. - ~을 기계로 만들다, ~을 재봉틀에 걸다, ~을 규격화하다
v. intr. - 기계로 절단될 수 있다
adj. - 기계의, 기계적인, 간부에 의한, 흑막의
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 機械, 自動車, 黒幕, 幹部グループ, 組織, 機械のような人間
v. - 機械で作る, 印刷機にかける
idioms:
- answering machine 留守番電話
- dictating machine 口述録音機
- life-support machine 生命維持装置
- machine code マシンコード, 機械語
- machine gun 機関銃
- machine language 機械語
- machine tool 工作機械
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) آله (صفه) آلي
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - מכונה, רובוט, מנגנון (של אירגון), אוטומט המופעל ע"י מטבע, אדם הפועל מכנית, ללא רגשות
v. tr. - ייצר במכונה
v. intr. - תיקן או תגמר במכונה
adj. - מכני
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