n.
A very light, odorless, white powdery compound, MgCO3, used in a wide variety of manufactured products including inks, glass, dentifrices, and cosmetics.
magnesium carbonate
| Dictionary: magnesium carbonate |
n.
| 5min Related Video: magnesium carbonate |
| Chemistry Dictionary: magnesium carbonate |
A white compound, MgCO3, existing in anhydrous and hydrated forms. The anhydrous material (trigonal; r.d. 2.96) is found in the mineral magnesite. There is also a trihydrate, MgCO3.3H2O (rhombic; r.d. 1.85), which occurs naturally as nesquehonite, and a pentahydrate, MgCO3.5H2O (monoclinic; r.d. 1.73), which occurs as lansfordite. Magnesium carbonate also occurs in the mixed salt dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3) and as basic magnesium carbonate in the two minerals artinite (MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.3H2O) and hydromagnesite (3MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.3H2O). The anhydrous salt can be formed by heating magnesium oxide in a stream of carbon dioxide:
MgO(s)+CO2(g) → MgCO3(s)
Above 350°C, the reverse reaction predominates and the carbonate decomposes. Magnesium carbonate is used in making magnesium oxide and is a drying agent (e.g. in table salt). It is also used as a medical antacid and laxative (the basic carbonate is used) and is a component of certain inks and glasses.
| Drug Info: Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Carbonate |
Brand names: Acid Gone™Alenic Alka™Gaviscon® Extra StrengthGaviscon® Extra Strength LiquidGaviscon® Regular Strength LiquidGenaton™ LiquidHeartburn Antacid
Chemical formula:
- Drug Forms:
- Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Carbonate Chewable tablet (below)
- Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Carbonate chewable tablets
- Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Carbonate oral suspension
- Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Carbonate Oral solution
- Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Carbonate Oral suspension
- Español:
- Hidróxido de Aluminio; Carbonato de Magnesio, Tableta masticable
- Tabletas masticables de hidróxido de aluminio; carbonato de magnesio
- Suspensión oral de hidróxido de aluminio; carbonato de magnesio
- Hidróxido de aluminio; Carbonato de magnesio, Solución oral
- Hidróxido de Aluminio; Carbonato de Magnesio, Suspensión oral
Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Carbonate Chewable tablet
What is this medicine?
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE; MAGNESIUM CARBONATE is an antacid. It is used to relieve the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD).
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•bowel, intestinal, or stomach disease
•constipation
•diarrhea
•kidney disease
•liver disease
•on a sodium (salt) restricted diet
•stomach bleeding or obstruction
•an unusual or allergic reaction to aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate or other antacids, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding
How should I use this medicine?
Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the label. Chew the tablets well so that foam forms in your mouth before swallowing. Do not suck on or crush the tablets. The protective foam will not form if you do this. After taking this medicine, drink a full glass of water. Antacids are usually taken after meals and at bedtime, or as directed by your doctor or health care professional. You should remain in an upright position for 1 to 2 hours after taking this medicine. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. While this medicine may be used in children for selected conditions, precautions do apply.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.
What if I miss a dose?
This does not apply.What may interact with this medicine?
•antibiotics
•delavirdine
•gabapentin
•isoniazid
•medicines for fungal infections like itraconazole and ketoconazole
•medicines for osteoporosis like alendronate, etidronate, risedronate and tiludronate
•medicines for seizures like ethotoin and phenytoin
•methenamine
•phenothiazines like chlorpromazine, mesoridazine, prochlorperazine, thioridazine
•quinidine
•rosuvastatin
•sotalol
•tacrolimus
•thyroid hormones like levothyroxine
•vitamin D
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Tell your doctor or healthcare professional if your symptoms do not start to get better or if they get worse. Do not treat yourself for stomach problems with this medicine for more than 2 weeks. See a doctor if you have black tarry stools, rectal bleeding, or if you feel unusually tired. Do not change to another antacid product without advice.
If you are taking other medicines, leave an interval of at least 2 hours before or after taking this medicine.
To help reduce constipation, drink several glasses of water a day.
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•bone or joint aches and pains
•confusion or irritability
•headache
•loss of appetite
•nausea, vomiting
•unusually weak or tired
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•chalky taste
•constipation
•diarrhea
•hemorrhoids
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Where should I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Protect from light and moisture. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.
Last updated: 7/1/2002
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
| Wikipedia: Magnesium carbonate |
| Magnesium carbonate | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Other names | Magnesite Barringtonite (dihydrate) Nesequehonite (trihydrate) Lansfordite (pentahydrate) |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [], 13717-00-5 (monohydrate) 5145-48-2 (dihydrate) 14457-83-1 (trihydrate) 61042-72-6 (pentahydrate) |
| PubChem | |
| RTECS number | OM2470000 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | MgCO3 |
| Molar mass | 84.3139 g/mol |
| Appearance | white solid hygroscopic |
| Density | 2.958 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.825 g/cm3 (dihydrate) 1.837 g/cm3 (trihydrate) 1.73 g/cm3 (pentahydrate) |
| Melting point |
540 °C decomp. |
| Solubility in water | 0.0012 mol/l (25°C, anhydrous) 0.375 g/100 mL (20 °C, pentahydrate) |
| Solubility product, Ksp | 1.0 x 10-5 [1] |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.717 (anhydrous) 1.458 (dihydrate) 1.412 (trihydrate) |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | Trigonal |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−1111.69 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S |
65.84 J K−1 mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | ICSC 0969 |
| EU Index | Not listed |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Magnesium bicarbonate |
| Other cations | Beryllium carbonate Calcium carbonate Strontium carbonate Barium carbonate |
| Related compounds | Artinite Hydromagnesite Dypingite |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
|
Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is a white solid that occurs in nature as a mineral. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals. In addition, MgCO3 has a variety of uses.
Contents |
Forms
The most common magnesium carbonate forms are the anhydrous salt called magnesite (MgCO3) and the di, tri, and pentahydrates known as barringtonite (MgCO3·2H2O), nesquehonite (MgCO3·3H2O), and lansfordite (MgCO3·5H2O), respectively. Some basic forms such as artinite (MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·3H2O), hydromagnestite (4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O), and dypingite (4MgCO3· Mg(OH)2·5H2O) also occur as minerals. Magnesite consists of white trigonal crystals. The anhydrous salt is practically insoluble in water, acetone, and ammonia. All forms of magnesium carbonate react in acids. Magnesium carbonate crystallizes in the calcite structure where in Mg2+ is surrounded by six oxygen atoms. The dihydrate one has a triclinic structure, while the trihydrate has a monoclinic structure.
References to 'light' and 'heavy' magnesium carbonates actually refer to the magnesium hydroxy carbonates hydromagnesite and dypingite (respectively)[2].
Reactions
Although magnesium carbonate is ordinarily obtained by mining the mineral magnesite, the trihydrate salt, MgCO3·3H2O, can be prepared by mixing solutions of magnesium and carbonate ions under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Magnesium carbonate can also be synthesized by exposing a magnesium hydroxide slurry to carbon dioxide under pressure (3.5 to 5 atm) below 50 °C, which gives soluble magnesium bicarbonate:
-
- Mg(OH)2 + 2 CO2 → Mg(HCO3)2
Following the filtration of the solution, the filtrate is dried under vacuum to produce magnesium carbonate as a hydrated salt:
-
- Mg2+ + 2 HCO3- → MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O
When dissolved with acid, magnesium carbonate decomposes with release of carbon dioxide:
-
- MgCO3 + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
- MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
At high temperatures (800C-1000C), MgCO3 decomposes to magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide with reaction enthalpy 118 kJ / mole, this process is called calcining:
-
- MgCO3 → MgO + CO2
Uses
Magnesite and dolomite minerals are used to produce magnesium metal and basic refractory bricks. MgCO3 is also used in flooring, fireproofing, fire extinguishing compositions, cosmetics, dusting powder, and toothpaste. Other applications are as filler material, smoke suppressant in plastics, a reinforcing agent in neoprene rubber, a drying agent, a laxative to loosen the bowels, and color retention in foods. In addition, high purity magnesium carbonate is used as antacid and as an additive in table salt to keep it free flowing.
Because of its water-insoluble, hygroscopic properties MgCO3 was first added to salt in 1911 to make the salt flow more freely. The Morton Salt company adopted the slogan "When it rains it pours" in reference to the fact that its MgCO3-containing salt would not stick together in wet weather.[3]
Magnesium carbonate, most often referred to as 'chalk', is used as a drying agent for hands in rock climbing, gymnastics, weight lifting and powerlifting.
Magnesium carbonate is also used in taxidermy for whitening skulls. It can be mixed with hydrogen peroxide to create a paste, which is then spread on the skull to give it a white finish.
Magnesium Carbonate Hydroxide is used as a clay in face masks, it has mild astringent properties and helps to smooth and soften skin. Recommended for use on normal to dry skins.
Food additive
As a food additive magnesium carbonate is known as E504, for which the only known side effect is that it may work as a laxative in high concentrations. [4]
References
- ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398
- ^ A. BOTHA and C. A. STRYDOM; “Preparation of a magnesium hydroxy carbonate from magnesium hydroxide;” Hydrometallurgy; Elsevier Science; December 2001; 62 (3): pp. 175–183.
- ^ "Morton Salt FAQ". http://www.mortonsalt.com/faqs/index.html#q3.
- ^ "Food-Info.net : E-numbers : E504: Magnesium carbonates". http://www.food-info.net/uk/e/e504.htm. 080419 food-info.net
- "Magnesium Carbonate Light" (pdf). Safety Data Sheet. Vet Way Limited. http://www.vet-way.com/liq-pow-pdfs-eng/Magnesium%20Carbonate%20Light.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-01-06.
- Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. New York: McGraw Hill.
- Trotman-Dickenson, A.F "(ed.)" (1973). Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
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Mentioned in
- nesquehonite
- dolomitization (geology)
- huntite (mineralogy)
- artinite
- hydromagnesite
- pedocal
- magnesian calcite (mineralogy)
- magnesian limestone (petrology)
- protodolomite (mineralogy)
- magnesia insulation
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