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In a major scale the subdominant chord is a major chord,thus the dominant chord is major7.
A major chord is the first, third, and fifth of any major scales. Example: C, E, G is a C major chord.
Not sure what your question is, but a major chord with a raised fifth is called an augmented chord.
Generally, a minor chord has a darker sound.
The notes in the D major chord are D, F-sharp, and A.