Manaus

Manaus
—  Municipality  —
The Municipality of Manaus
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): "A Paris dos Trópicos" ("The Paris of the Tropics")
Manaus Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 03°06′0″S 60°01′0″W / 3.1°S 60.016667°W / -3.1; -60.016667
Country	Brazil
Region	North
State	Amazonas
Founded	1669
Government
- Mayor	Amazonino Mendes (PTB)
Area
- Total	11,401 km2 (4,402 sq mi)
Elevation	92 m (302 ft)
Population (2009)
- Total	1,738,641 (8th)
- Density	144.2/km2 (373.5/sq mi)
Time zone	AST (UTC-4)
- Summer (DST)	DST no longer used (UTC-4)
Postal Code	69000-000
HDI (2000)	0.774 – medium
Website	Manaus, Amazonas

Coordinates: 03°06′00″S 60°01′00″W / 3.1°S 60.0166667°W / -3.1; -60.0166667

Manaus is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination. Manaus belongs to mesoregion Center Amazonense and microregion Manaus. It is located in northern Brazil, 1,932 kilometers (1,200 miles) from the federal capital, Brasília.

The city was founded in 1669 as the Fort of São José do Rio Negro.^[1] It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the name of "Manaus", which means "mother of the gods" in tribute to the indigenous nation of Manaós, and legally transformed into a city on October 24 of 1848 with the name of Cidade da Barra do Rio Negro, Portuguese for "The City of the Margins of Black River". Only on September 4 of 1856 did it revert to its current name.^[2]

It was known at the beginning of the century, as Heart of the Amazon and City of the Forest.^[3] Currently its main economic engine is the Industrial Pool of Manaus.

It is the second largest metropolitan area in the Northern Brazil and the twelfth in all of Brazil, with 2,006,870 inhabitants (IBGE/2008). The population at 2008 was of 1.71 million people and it is the eighth most populous city of Brazil according to data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the IBGE. The city gradually increased its participation in the GDP of Brazil in recent years, rising to account for 1.4% of the economy of the country. Currently, the city is one of 12 most influential cities of the country. Manaus alone represents 10.89% of the population of the whole Northern Brazil and 49.9% of the population of the Amazon.^[4]

History

Manaus in 1865.

Early settling

The history of European colonization of Manaus started in 1669 with a building of fort in rock and clay, with four cannons guarding the curtains. The Fort of São José da Barra do Rio Negro was built to ensure predominance of the crown of Portugal in the region, especially against the invasion of Dutch at the time headquartered where it is today the Suriname, that function for more than 114 years. Next to the fort there were many indigenous people mestizo, which helped in its construction and began to live around them. The population grew so much that to help catechism in 1695 the missionaries (Carmelite, Jesuit is Franciscan s) resolved erect a chapel , near the high of Our Lady, the patron saint of the city.^[5]

Amazon Region Map in 1562.

The Royal Charter of March 3 of 1755, created the Capitania of Sao Jose do Rio Negro, with headquarters in Mariuá (now Barcelos), but the governor Lobo D'Almada, fearing Spanish invasions, the seat went back to the bar in place of 1791, being located at the confluence of the rivers Black and Amazon it was a strategic point. In November 13 of 1832, the place of the bar became the category of town with the name of the town of Manaus and in October 24 of 1848, with Law 145 of the Provincial Assembly Paraense, acquired the name of the Bar of the City of Rio Negro. On September 4 of 1856 the governor Herculano Ferreira Pena finally gave him the name "Manaus".

Cabanagem

The Cabanagem was the revolt in which blacks, Indians and mestizo protested against the political elite and took power in 1835. The entry of the High Amazonas (Manaus today, which was the cradle of the manifest in the Western Amazon) in Cabanagem was crucial for the birth of the current state of the Amazon. During the period of revolution, the Cabanos of the High Amazon, bands of rebels, roamed throughout the region, and in most settlements their arrival was greeted by the non-white population's spontaneously joining their ranks and there was a greater number of adherents to the movement. With that there was an integration of people surrounding thus forming the state, thanks to Cabanagem.^[6]

Geography

The natural phenomenon of the confluence of the Negro River's water and the Solimões River's water.

Largest city in northern Brazil, Manaus occupies an area of 11,401.058 square kilometers, with a density of 144.4 inhabitants/km ². It is the neighboring city of Presidente Figueiredo, Careiro, Iranduba, Rio Preto da Eva, Itacoatiara and Novo Airão.

Climate

Manaus has an equatorial climate, but rainfall intensity is somewhat seasonal, with one half of the year (coinciding with the Southern Winter) being half as rainy as the other. The Köppen climate classification for the city is "Am", monsoon rainforest.

Vegetation

The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia.^[8] As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.^[9]

Hydrography

Lake Vitória-Régia.

Park of Mindu.

The rivers that pass through are the Black and Manaus Solimões and, when found, form the great Amazon River.

• The Black River rises in the east of Colombia, and is the largest tributary of the Amazon and the biggest river of black water in the world.

• The River Solimões rises in Peru and enters Brazil at the municipality of Tabatinga.

• The Amazon River is the largest river on Earth, both in volume of water as in length (6,992.06 kilometers in length). Has its origin in the source of the Apurimac River (top of the western part of the Andes), in southern Peru, and ends at the Atlantic Ocean, next to Tocantins River.

Green Areas

Despite being located in the Amazon, Manaus has few green areas. The city's stock has been frequent in recent years. The largest green areas of the city:

• Park of Mindu: Located in the Center-South of the city, the district Park 10, the Park of Mindú is now one of the largest and most visited parks of the city Amazon. It was created in 1989, through a popular manifesto initiated by the residents of the neighborhood Park on November 10.

• Park of Bilhares: Established recently in 2005/2006, the Park of Bilhares is located in south-central region of Manaus, in the neighborhood of Plateau in the direction neighborhood-Center. The park is one of the attractions of the city.

• Area of the green hill of Aleixo: Created in the 1980s, the green area of the Hill Aleixo is located in the east of the city and is one of the largest urban green areas. It is not open to visits by constant invasions of landless.

• Park Sumaúma: It is a state park located in the north of Manaus, in the district New Town. It is the smallest state park of the Amazon and is open to visitations every day except on Sundays.

Demography

Matriz Church.

Customs Building

Adolpho Lisboa Municipal Market

According to the IBGE of 2008, there were 1,709,010 people residing in the city, and 2,006,870 people residing in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus. The population density was 149.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (388 /sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 63.93% Pardo (Mulatto and mestizo), 31.88% White, 2.43% Black, 0.87% Asian or Amerindian.^[10]

• Total population: 1,709,010 inhabitants (87% urban, 13% rural, women 52.07% and 47.93% men)
• Population density: 144.4 inhabitants per square km
• Infant mortality up to five years of age: 21.26 for each thousand children
• Fertility rate: 3.74 children per woman
• literacy rate: 94.63%
• Human Development Index (HDI-M): 0.788
  • HDI-M Income: 0.846
  • HDI-M Longevity: 0.776
  • HDI-M Education: 0.946
• Per capita income (data from 2000 expressed in U.S. $, 1 August 2000): U.S. $ 11,998.20

The population of Manaus is 1,709,010 inhabitants (as performed by counting IBGE in 2008), making it the eighth largest city in the Brazil, after São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Fortaleza, Belo Horizonte and Curitiba. The city's population growth is above the national average, and 10% above the average for the capital of the country. Most of the population is located in the North and East regions of the city, and the New Town (northern area) the neighborhood is the most populous, with more than 260,000 residents. According to the results of the last census, the city's population increased from 343,038 inhabitants in 1960 to 622,733 inhabitants in 1970. Hence by 1990 the population grew to 1,025,979 inhabitants, increasing its density to 90.0 inhabitants / km ². In percentage terms, the city's population increase between 1960 and 1970 was 40% while from 1970 to 1980 was 94%. The city has good indices, and is an attractive locus for investment. The HDI-M is 0.774 and the ICV is 0.835. Life expectancy in the city is above the age of 63. 76.9% of households are served by the electricity distribution network, 64.61% by the sewage network and 86.54% have access to garbage collection. 68.61% have access to the city water supply.

Religion

São Sebastião Church.

Just like the variety of cultural expressions, different religious communities are found in the city. Although it has been developed along a predominantly Catholic social matrix, both because of colonization and immigration - even today the majority of Manauenses is Catholic, one can find dozens of different Protestant denominations in the city, as well as the practice of Candomblé, Islam and spiritualism, among others. In recent years, Buddhism, Mormonism and Eastern religions have grown considerably in the city. It is estimated that there are over a thousand followers of Buddhism, seichonoitas and Hinduism in the city.

Protestants

The city has a very diverse presence of Protestant or Reformed faiths, such as the Presbyterian Church, For Christ International Church of Grace of God, Pentecostal Church of God in Brazil, Methodist Church, the Episcopal Anglican Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints, the Baptist Church, am Assembly of God Church, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, the Jehovah's Witnesses among others. These churches are experiencing considerable growth, mainly in the outskirts of the city. A Mormon temple is being built in the city, the 6th in Brazil.^[11]

Districts and regions

Satellite view of the city

Adrianópolis eighborhood

Metropolitan region

The Metropolitan Region of Manaus (RMM), which has 2,006,870 inhabitants (counting the population IBGE in 2008) is a metropolitan area of Brazil that comprises eight citys of the Amazonas state, but without conurbation.

Regions

Manaus is divided into seven regions: North, Southern, Central-South, East, West, Mid-West and Rural area. The eastern region of the city is the most populated, with approximately 600,000 inhabitants (2007).^[12] The northern region of the city that has the highest rate of population growth in recent years, and has the largest neighborhood of the city, the New Town. The Center-South region has the highest per capita income.^[13]

Neighborhoods

The first neighborhood established in Manaus was Educandos. From there, other areas of the city began receiving human occupation, with the arrival of migrants from other regions of Brazil.

Manaus has the largest neighborhood of Latin America, the neighborhood New Town, which has 264,449 inhabitants, but it is estimated that the population exceeds 300,000 inhabitants. The New Town is larger than all the cities inside the Amazonas state.

With the permanence and the strengthening of Free Economic Zone of Manaus, the city began to receive investments and constant migration of people from various regions of the Brazil. Many neighborhoods appeared in the city in a disorganized manner, and those are called invasions.

Economy

Downtown Manaus in the afternoon.

Adriano Jorge Hospital Foundation.

Although the main industry of Manaus through much of the 20th century was rubber, its importance has declined. Given its location, timber and Brazil-nuts make up important trades, as do petroleum refining, soap manufacturing, and chemical industries. Over the last decades, a system of federal investments and tax incentives have turned the surrounding region into a major industrial center (the Free Economic Zone of Manaus).

Manaus sprawls, but the center of town, the Centro where most of the hotels and attractions are located, rises above the river on a slight hill. As the largest city and a major port on the river, Manaus is commercial. Local industries include brewing, shipbuilding, soap manufacturing, the production of chemicals, the manufacture of electronics equipment, and petroleum refining of oil brought in by barge and tourism.^[14]

The mobile phone companies Nokia, Siemens, Sagem, Gradiente and BenQ-Siemens run mobile phone manufacturing plants in Manaus.^[15][16] Also, many other major electronics manufacturers such as Samsung, Sony and LG have plants there. Plastic lens manufacturer Essilor also has a plant here. The Brazilian sport utility vehicle manufacturer Amazon Veiculos is headquartered in Manaus.^[17]

The GDP for the city was R$ 31,916,257,000 (2006).^[18]

The per capita income for the city was R$ 18,902 (2006).^[19]

Manaus Aerotáxi, an air taxi serving jungle cities in northern Brazil, has its main office on the grounds of Eduardo Gomes International Airport in Manaus.^[20]

Sites and attractions

Aerial view.

Manaus in the morning.

Negro River.

Manaus is a cosmopolitan city, and, because of its location next to the Amazon rain forest, it attracts a substantial number of Brazilian and foreign tourists, who can find plenty of boat and land trips into the surrounding jungle. A great diversity of wildlife can be found even in the surroundings of Manaus. It is also home to one of the most endangered primates in Brazil, the Pied tamarin.

Tour boats leave Manaus to see the Meeting of the Waters, where the black waters of the Negro River meet the brown waters of the Solimoes River, flowing side by side without mixing for about 9 km. Visitors can also explore river banks and "igarapes", swim and canoe in placid lakes or simply walk in the lush forest. The most adventurous may even choose to spend a night or two in the jungle in close contact with nature. There are many hotels in the jungle with the comfort to enjoy the nature.

The Teatro Amazonas, an opera house built in 1896, is a notable landmark of Manaus, reflecting the massive wealth of the turn of the century rubber boom. The theatre was prominently featured in Werner Herzog's 1982 film Fitzcarraldo.

About 18 km (11 mi) from downtown is Ponta Negra beach, a neighbourhood that has a beachfront and popular nightlife area. A luxurious hotel is located at the west end of Ponta Negra; its small but very interesting zoo and orchid greenhouse as well as preserved woods and beach are open for public visits.

The CIGS Zoo (military zoo for rescued animals), which doubles as an army training center, also is located in the neighbourhood and houses a few hundred endemic and native amazonian species of mammals, reptiles, and birds.

The Mercado Adolpho Lisboa, founded in 1882, is the city's oldest marketplace, trading in fruit, vegetables, and especially fish. It's a copy of the Les Halles market of Paris. Other interesting historical sites include the customs building, of mixed styles and medieval inspiration; the Rio Negro Palace cultural center; and the Justice Palace, right next to the Amazonas Opera House.

Manaus has also many large parks with native forest preservation areas, such as the Bosque da Ciência and Parque do Mindú. The largest urban forest in the world is located within Federal University of Amazonas, which was founded in January 17, 1909 and is the oldest federal university of Brazil.

The city has a busy cultural calendar throughout the year, including the Opera, Theater, Jazz and Cinema festivals, as well as Boi Manaus (usually held around Manaus' anniversary on the 24th of October), which is a great celebration of Northern Brazilian culture through Boi-Bumbá music.

Much of Fitzcarraldo was shot in or near Manaus.

Education

Manaus is the most important educational centre of the state.

Natural Sciences of the Amazon Museum.

Portuguese language is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum.

Educational institutions

The city has several universities:

• Federal University of Amazonas - Universidade Federal do Amazonas;
• University of the State of Amazonas - Universidade do Estado do Amazonas;
• Federal Center of Technological Education - Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica;
• Centro Universitário do Norte - UNINORTE;
• Lutheran University of Brazil - Universidade Luterana do Brasil;
• Centro de Educação Integrada Martha Falcão;
• Centro de Ensino Superior Nilton Lins;
• Centro Universitário de Educação Superior do Amazonas - CIESA;
• Escola Superior Batista do Amazonas;
• Faculdade Boas Novas;
• Faculdade Metropolitana de Manaus;
• Universidade Paulista.

Transportation

Airports

Eduardo Gomes International Airport (MAO).

Eduardo Gomes International Airport (MAO).

Eduardo Gomes International Airport is the airport serving Manaus. Responsible for employing roughly 3,300 people, among employees of Infraero, public organs, concession holders, airlines and auxiliary services, it has fully modern infrastructure. The airport has two passenger terminals, one for scheduled flights and the other for regional aviation. It also has three cargo terminals: Terminal I was opened in 1976, Terminal II in 1980 and Terminal III in 2004. Passenger Terminal I has six boarding bridges, five of them fixed and one mobile, along with three boarding lounges for domestic flights and one for international connections, six domestic and two international gate holding rooms, 30 check-in counters, parking for 424 cars and security booths scattered throughout the complex. The airport concourse offers a variety of services and products. There are branches of Banco do Brasil and Banco Real; ATMs of Banco do Brasil, Banco Itaú, Banco Bradesco and Banco 24 horas; shops selling handcrafts and imported liquors; a drugstore; candy store; shops selling clothing, footwear and accessories; perfume store; a shop specializing in chocolates; snack bars; a café; car rental agencies; currency exchange; diaper-changing room; tourism shops; a sport fishing operator; tobacco shop; ice cream parlor; trade point; taxi stands; and a cellular telephone shop. There is a beer garden and restaurant on the panoramic level.

The scheduled airlines operating from Terminal I are: Varig, Azul, Gol, TAM, Ocean Air, Trip, Total, Rico, Copa, and Delta Airlines. Eduardo Gomes International Airport is Brazil's third largest in freight movement,^[21] handling the import and export demand from the Manaus Industrial Complex. For this reason, Infraero invested in construction of the third cargo terminal, opened on December 14, 2004. The airport has two passenger terminals, one for scheduled flights and the other for regional aviation. It also has three cargo terminals: Terminal I was opened in 1976, Terminal II in 1980 and Terminal III in 2004.

Manaus Air Force Base, a base of the Brazilian Air Force is located in Manaus, at the former Ponta Pelada Airport.

Highways

There are two federal highways connecting the city to the rest of the country. There is a paved road going North (BR-174) connecting Manaus to Boa Vista, capital of the State of Roraima, and to Venezuela. The BR-319 goes South connecting Manaus to Porto Velho, Rondônia.

Port

Port of Manaus.

Shore and boats in Manaus.

Ships dock at the main port in Manaus directly downtown. Lying on the banks of the Negro River, it's 1,450 kilometers (900 miles) inland in the heart of the Amazon rain forest. The terraced city is home to a network of bridged channels that divide it into several compartments. Several mobile phone companies have manufacturing plants in the Port of Manaus, and other major electronics manufacturers have plants there. Major exports include Brazil nuts, chemicals, petroleum, electrical equipment, and forest products, and eco-tourism is an increasingly important source of income for the city. The recent discovery of petroleum in the area brings great promise of further wealth and commerce to the Port of Manaus.

Today, the Port of Manaus is an important commercial center for ocean-going vessels traveling the Amazon. In fact, it is the main transport hub for the entire upper Amazon Basin. It imports beef from the hinterlands and exports hides and leather. Important industries in the Port of Manaus include manufacturing of soap, chemicals, electronics equipment as well as shipbuilding, brewing, and petroleum refining. With so much industry and commerce, the Port of Manaus has become a sophisticated cosmopolitan center. Located next to the Amazon rain forest, it also attracts crowds of tourists who find a variety of land and boat trips into the jungle. Wildlife is plentiful, even within the city, and it is home to the Pied Tamarin, one of Brazil's most endangered primates. Tour boats take visitors to see the point where the black waters of the Rio Negro meet the Solimões River's brown waters, flowing together without mixing for nine kilometers (5.5 miles).^[22]

Distances

Boats in Manaus.

• Belém - 1,316 km (817 mi) - access by river ferries or ships
• Porto Velho - 911 km (566 mi)
• Rio Branco - 1,109 km (689 mi)
• Boa Vista - 753 km (467 mi)
• Brasilia - 3,315 km (2,059 mi)
• Curitiba - 4,036 km (2,507 mi)
• São Paulo - 3,971 km (2,467 mi)
• Rio de Janeiro - 4,374 km (2,717 mi)
• Cuiabá - 2,905 km (1,805 mi)
• Goiânia - 3,291 km (2,044 mi)
• Porto Alegre - 4,563 km (2,835 mi)
• Belo Horizonte - 3,951 km (2,455 mi)
• Fortaleza - 5,733 km (3,562 mi)
• Recife - 5,698 km (3,540 mi)

To cities of South America

• Caracas, Venezuela - 1,890 km (1174 mi)
• Bogota, Colombia - 2,063 km (1,281 mi)

Events and Holidays

• February – Amazonas Carnival – samba schools parade at the "sambódromo" in the Convention Center
• May – Ponta Negra’s Music Festival
• May - Amazonas Opera Festival
• June – Amazonas Folklore Festival
• July - Amazonas Jazz Festival
• June 29 – São Pedro Fluvial Procession
• September 5 - Elevation of Amazonas to the catergory of Brazilian Province
• October 24 – Anniversary of Manaus
• November - Amazonas Film Festival
• December 31 – Ponta Negra's New Year's Eve Party

Sights of interest

Amazonas Opera House.

Sunset, Negro River.

Sattelite view of the city.

Amazonas Shopping Mall.

Forest in Manaus.

Victoria amazonica.

Municipal Market.

Amazonas Opera House

The Amazonas Opera House has 700 seats and was constructed with bricks brought over from Europe, French glass and Italian marble. Several important opera and theater companies, as well as international orchestras, have already performed there.^[23]

Ponta Negra Cultural, Sport and Leisure Park

Ponta Negra beach, located 13 km (8 mi) from downtown Manaus, is one of the city's most important tourist attractions. The complex has beach volleyball courts, cycle way, a belvedere, playground, a medical center and a large sidewalk with bars, restaurants and snack bars. It also has an amphitheater with capacity for 15.000 people, dressing rooms, and infrastructure for concerts.

Public Swimming Areas

The Tarumã, Tarumãzinho and Cachoeira das Almas bayous (branches of rivers), located near the city, are leisure spots for the population on weekends. Manaus has several public swimming areas that are being remodeled and urbanized lately. There are also many private clubs that can be visited.

Anavilhanas

Approximately 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Manaus, near the Township of Novo Airão, on the Negro River, there is Anavilhanas, the second largest fluvial archipelago in the world.^[24] There are about 400 islands covered with native forest. During the dry season, the receding waters reveal several white sand beaches and natural formations of roots and trunks.

Meeting of the Waters

This natural phenomenon is caused by the confluence of the Negro River's dark water and the Solimões River's muddy brown water that come together to form the Amazonas River. For 6 km (3.7 mi), both rivers waters run side by side, without mixing. This phenomenon is caused by the great difference between the water temperatures and current speeds. The Negro River flows approximately 2 km/h (1.2 mi/h) at 28°C (82°F), while the Solimões River flows 4 to 6 km/h (2.4 to 3.7 mi/h) at 22°C (71°F).^[25]

Adolpho Ducke Botanical Garden

The Adolpho Ducke Botanical Garden, inside a 100 km² ecological reserve, holds a huge number of plant and animal species.^[26]

Municipal Park of Mindú

It is located in an urban area, in the November 10 Park district. It was created in 1992 to be an area of ecological interest. It covers an area of 330.000 m² (33 ha) of forest remaining from the Township, and is used for scientific, educational, cultural and tourist activities. It is one of the last habitats for the sauim-de-coleira, a species of monkey that only exists in the Manaus region and is threatened with extinction. It is possible to walk through four distinct ecosystems in the park: land covered by secondary growth, firm ground brush, sandbanks and degraded areas that were illegally cleared in 1989. The Park also has a Library, with an information center on the environment connected to the Internet. It also has a parking area, amphitheater for 600 people, gardens planted with medicinal and aromatic herbs, orchid nursery, aerial trails and signs aiming to develop environmental education programs.^[27]

The Science Grove

The Grove is located in the INPA's (Amazonas National Institute for Research – area). The Grove's main attractions are: otter vivarium, manatee hatchery, bee hives, Science House, educational trails, alligator's vivarium, botanical garden, aerial trail, free fauna, orchid nursery and bromeliad nursery.

CIGS Zoo

The zoo is open to the public. It is managed by the Brazilian Army and has approximately 300 species of animals from the Amazon fauna.^[28]

Beaches and Waterfalls

For outings to beaches and parks situated near the city, it is often necessary to use boats. The beaches are formed right after the river water level starts dropping, which lasts from August to November. Starting in December, as the river rises, the waters invade the sand and the woods on the banks. The Paricatuba Waterfall, located on the right bank of the Negro River, along a small tributary, is formed by sedimentary rocks, surrounded by abundant vegetation. Access is by boat. The best time to visit is from August to February. Love Cascade located in the Guedes bayou, with cold and crystal clear water, is accessible only by boat and, then, hiking through the forest. Tupé Beach is approximately 34 km (21 mi) from Manaus, this beach is well frequented by bathers on holidays and weekends. It is accessible only by boat. Moon Beach is located on the left bank of the Negro River, 23 km (14 mi) from Manaus. It is accessed only by boat. The beach is shaped like a crescent moon and is surrounded by rare vegetation, with a great stretch of sand and clear, cold water. Lion waterfall is located on km 34 of the AM-010 highway (Manaus-Itacoatiara). Bathing in the cold and clear waterfall is allowed.

Sports

Football

Vivaldão, the Project for the crown in 2014.

In football, the leading club in Manaus is the San Raimundo Sports Club – the Typhoon Hill (Tufão da Colina), founded in November 18, 1918, participant of the Series B (2nd division) of the Brazilian Championship until 2006, when it was demoted. It is a 7-times states champion, 3-times North Cup champion. Due to its rise to the second divison. there was a big increase in fans attendance, and thus São Raimundo became the largest among the crowd attendance in the state of Amazonas. It participated in a Conmebol Cup and thus its name is remembered outside the country.

There is also Nacional Football Club, founded on January 9, 1913, and called "Leão da Colina," the Athletic Club Rio Negro, called "Galo da Praça da Saudade" (Saudade Square Rooster) or "Barriga Preta" club (Black Belly), also founded in 1913, but in November, which is the second largest holder of state titles, and the National Fast Club, the Tricolor of the Boulevard" or "roll", founded in the early 40 years from a dissident's National Football Club, which has won six state championships, in addition to being Northern Region champion and North-Northeast Championshio runner-up in 1970.

Besides the "Colina" stadium, which has a capacity for 18.000 people, the largest stadium of Manaus is Vivaldo Lima (Vivaldão), which was inaugurated in 1970 by the Brazilian National Team in their last game in the country before the conquest of the thrice-world championship Mexico. It can receive up to 38,000 fans. Manaus is one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the host nation.

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu

Manaus is the origin of several world-champion Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belts, mixed martial artists and submission grapplers. Champions such as Wallid Ismail, Saulo Ribeiro, Alexandre Ribeiro, Ronaldo Souza,and Bibiano Fernandes hail from Manaus.

International relations

Sister-cities

• Perugia, Italy
• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Goiânia, Brazil
• Hamamatsu, Japan
• Salt Lake City, USA
• Mesa, USA

It is also considered city partner:

• Belém, Brazil

Notable people

Malvino Salvador, manauense actor of Rede Globo.

• Cláudio Santoro - conductor and composer of classical music
• Márcio Souza - writer and novelist
• Antonio Pizzonia - Formula 1 pilot
• Bibiano Fernandes - DREAM Featherweight Champion and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competitor
• Francisco Xavier de Albuquerque - lawyer
• Marcelo Gomes Mourão - dancer
• Malvino Salvador - actor
• José Augusto Branco - actor
• Gabriel Azevedo - actor
• Helder Agostini - actor
• Antonio Calmon - soap opera and miniseries screenwriter
• Helda Castro - President of the Nation Mestiça
• Daniel Pellizzari - writer and literary translator
• Vinícius Canterbury - singer and composer
• Terezinha Morango - Miss Brazil 1957
• Arthur Virgilio Neto - diplomat and politician
• Jefferson Peres - politician
• Valéria Santarém Lira - swimmer
• Cosme Alves Neto - actor
• Arthur Autran - actor, producer and editor
• Wallid Ismail - Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and mixed martial arts athlete
• César Manaus - actor
• Carlos Frederico Rodrigues - actor, producer, composer and director
• Saulo Ribeiro - 7-time Brazilian Jiu Jitsu world champion
• Xande Ribeiro - Brazilian Jiu Jitsu world champion athlete
• Ronaldo Souza - multiple Brazilian Jiu Jitsu world champion,ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship and a MMA-athlete

References

External links

Find more about Manaus on Wikipedia's sister projects:

Definitions from Wiktionary
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity

• [1] (Luis Sérgio Amazon Tours).
• [2] (Luis Sérgio Amazon Tours).
• The Best from Manaus (in Portuguese).
• Manaus Official Site (in Portuguese).
• Globo Site Manaus Online – portal for Manaus (in Portuguese).
• Historic Teatro Amazonas.
• National Institute of Amazonian Research website (in Portuguese and English).
• Federal University of Amazonas website (in Portuguese).
• Manaus travel guide from Wikitravel