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mandarin

 
Dictionary: man·da·rin   (măn'də-rĭn) pronunciation

n.
  1. A member of any of the nine ranks of high public officials in the Chinese Empire.
  2. A high government official or bureaucrat.
  3. A member of an elite group, especially a person having influence or high status in intellectual or cultural circles.
  4. Mandarin The official national standard spoken language of China, which is based on the principal dialect spoken in and around Beijing. Also called Guoyu, Putonghua.
  5. A mandarin orange.
adj.
  1. Of, relating to, or resembling a mandarin.
  2. Marked by elaborate and refined language or literary style.

[From Spanish mandarín, from Portuguese mandarim, from Malay menteri, from Sanskrit mantrī, mantrin-, counselor, from mantraḥ, counsel.]


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Wordsmith Words: mandarin
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(MAN-duh-rin)

noun
1. A member of one of nine ranks of public officials in the Chinese Empire.
2. A powerful government official or bureaucrat.
3. A member of an elite group, especially one having influence in intellectual or literary circles.
4. Capitalized: the official national language of China.
5. A citrus tree, Citrus reticulata, that is native to China.

adjective
1. Of or relating to a mandarin.
2. Marked by refined or ornate language.

Etymology
From Portuguese mandarim, from Malay menteri, from Sanskrit mantri (counselor), from mantra (word or formula), from manyate (he thinks).

Usage
"Even the International Swimming Federation mandarins made an appointment yesterday to talk with the sport's greatest star." — Nicole Jeffery, (Ian) Thorpe Strives to Do Better, The Australian (Sydney), Jul, 30, 2001.

"He (Macha Rosenthal) wrote about poetry as part of the common heritage of culture, not reserved for those who wrote in jargon or a mandarin prose style. He wrote plainly, and took no pride in cleverness." — Eric Homberger, Power of the Poem: Macha Rosenthal, The Guardian (London), Jul 29, 1996.



In imperial China, a public official drawn from the ranks of the lesser officeholders who had achieved success in the Chinese examination system. The word comes from the Portuguese version of the Malay term for a minister of state. It has come to mean a pedantic official, a bureaucrat, or a person of position and influence (and usually a traditionalist or reactionary mindset) in intellectual or literary circles. The Mandarin language is the most widely spoken of the Chinese languages.

For more information on Mandarin, visit Britannica.com.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Mandarin
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Mandarin (măn'dərĭn) [Port. mandar=to govern, or from Malay mantri=counselor of state], a high official of imperial China. For each of the nine grades there was a different colored button worn on the dress cap. Mandarin Chinese was the language spoken by the official class and was based on the Beijing dialect. A version of Mandarin Chinese, known as putonghua [common language], is now taught throughout the country, and it is the official national language. A first or second language for roughly half the nation's population, it is widely spoken in native Chinese regions except along the southeastern coast, where the Cantonese, Fukienese, and Shanghai languages (considered by some to be Chinese dialects) are dominant. See Chinese.


Translations: Mandarin
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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - Kinas officielle sprog, kinesisk embedsmand (mandarin)
adj. - mandarin-

2.
n. - partiformand (politisk), bureaukrat, magtfuldt overklassemedlem

Nederlands (Dutch)
mandarijn, Mandarijns, mandarijnboom, Chinese bestuurder (in het Keizerrijk), (ouderwetse) bureaucraat, pedante bestuurder, invloedrijk persoon in intellectuele kring, likeursoort, Chinees poppetje, bureaucratisch, sierlijk (taal), oranje

Français (French)
1.
n. - mandarin
adj. - relatif à un mandarin, élégant, raffiné

2.
n. - mandarine, mandarinier

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Mandarin, Hochchinesisch, Funktionär
adj. - Mandarinen-, mandarinisch, elegant, raffiniert

2.
n. - Mandarine, Mandarinenbaum

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (φυτολ.) μανταρίνι, μανδαρίνος, (μτφ.) γραφειοκράτης
adj. - του μανταρινιού

Italiano (Italian)
mandarino

Português (Portuguese)
n. - mandarim (m)
adj. - mandarim

Русский (Russian)
мандарин

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - mandarín
adj. - perteneciente a un mandarín, elegante, refinado

2.
n. - mandarina, árbol de mandarino

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - mandarin (kinesisk ämbetsman), byråkrat, mandarinträd
adj. - mandaringult

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
官话, 满清官吏, 普通话, 官僚的, 繁复而华美的, 保守知识界的

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 官話, 滿清官吏, 普通話
adj. - 官僚的, 繁複而華美的, 保守知識界的

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 예 중국의 관리, 주황색, 표준 중국어
adj. - 격식 차린, 보수적인

2.
n. - 귤나무, 귤의 일종

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 高級官吏, 高官, 役人, 官話, 標準中国語

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) مندلينا, يوسف أفندي, موظف كبير في الصين سابقا, حكيم (صفه) ذو لون برتقالي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מנדרין - פקיד בכיר בקיסרות הסינית, פקיד בכיר, שפתה הרשמית של סין, פסלון חרסינה סיני‬
adj. - ‮של מנדרין, אלגנטי, מעודן‬
n. - ‮מנדרינה (פרי)‬


 
 
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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wordsmith Words. © 2009 Wordsmith.org. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more
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