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Events
- 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to
become King Edward IV of England.
- 1549 - The city of Salvador da Bahia, first capital of
Brazil, is founded.
- 1632 - Treaty of Saint-Germain
signed, returning Quebec to French control after the English had seized it in 1629.
- 1638 - Swedish colonists establish the first settlement in
Delaware, called New Sweden.
- 1792 - King Gustav III of Sweden dies after being shot in the back at a midnight masquerade at Stockholm's Royal
Opera just 13 days earlier. He is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf.
- 1799 - New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing
slavery in the state.
- 1806 - Construction authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States federal
highway.
- 1809 - King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
abdicates after a coup d'état. At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four
Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the
secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden.
- 1831 - Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniak rebel against Turkey.
- 1847 - Mexican-American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.
- 1849 - The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab.
- 1857 - Sepoy Mangal
Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry
revolts against the British rule in India and inspires a long-drawn War of Independence of 1857 also known as the Sepoy
Mutiny.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Court House begins.
- 1867 - Queen
Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes the Dominion of
Canada on July 1.
- 1871 - The Royal Albert Hall is opened by
Queen Victoria.
- 1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: Battle of Kambula: British forces
defeat 20,000 Zulus.
- 1882 - The Knights of Columbus are
established.
- 1886 - Dr John Pemberton brews the first batch of
Coca-Cola in a backyard in Atlanta, Georgia.
- 1930 - Heinrich Brüning is appointed German Reichskanzler.
- 1936 - In Germany, dictator Hitler receives 99% of the votes in a referendum to ratify
Germany's illegal reoccupation of the Rhineland, receiving
44.5 million votes out of 45.5 million registered voters. In 1933 all political parties and
political liberty had been abolished.
- 1941 - World War II: British Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy forces intercept those of the Italian
Regia Marina off the Peloponnesus coast of
Greece in the Battle of Cape Matapan.
- 1941 - 80% of American AM radio stations
change frequencies under the terms of NARBA.
- 1942 - The Bombing of Lübeck in World War
II was the first major success for the RAF Bomber Command against Germany and
a German city.
- 1945 - World War II: Last day of V-1 flying bomb attacks on England.
- 1951 - Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are
convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage.
- 1961 - The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution is
ratified, allowing residents of Washington, DC to vote in presidential elections.
- 1971 - My Lai massacre: Lt. William Calley is convicted of premeditated murder and sentenced
to life in prison.
- 1971 - A Los Angeles, California jury
recommends the death penalty for Charles
Manson and three female followers.
- 1973 - Vietnam War: The last United States soldiers leave South Vietnam.
- 1974 - NASA's Mariner 10
becomes the first spaceprobe to fly by Mercury. It
was launched on November 3, 1973.
- 1982 - The Canada Act 1982 (U.K.) receives the
Royal Assent by Queen Elizabeth
II, setting the stage for the Queen of Canada to proclaim the Constitution Act, 1982
- 1993 - Catherine Callbeck becomes premier of Prince Edward Island and Canada's first female to be elected in a general election as a premier.
- 1999 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average
closes at 10006.78 – above the 10,000 mark for the first time ever.
- 2004 - Bulgaria, Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Romania,
Slovakia and Slovenia join NATO
as full members.
- 2004 - The Republic of Ireland becomes the first country in the world to
ban smoking in all work places, including bars and restaurants.
Births
- 1553 - Vitsentzos Kornaros, Greek Renaissance poet
(d. 1613/1614)
- 1584 - Ferdinando Fairfax,
2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general (d. 1648)
- 1602 - John Lightfoot, English churchman (d.
1675)
- 1668 - Thomas Coram, Founder of the Foundling Hospital
(d. 1751)
- 1713 - John Ponsonby, Irish politician (d.
1789)
- 1769 - Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French
marshal (d. 1851)
- 1790 - John Tyler, 10th President of the United States (d. 1862)
- 1799 - Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th
Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.
1869)
- 1824 - Ludwig Büchner, German philosopher and physician
(d. 1899)
- 1826 - Wilhelm Liebknecht, German journalist and
politician (d. 1900)
- 1867 - Cy Young, American baseball player (d.
1955)
- 1869 - Aleš Hrdlička, Czech anthropologist living in the
United States (d. 1943)
- 1870 - Pavlos Melas, Greek officer who organized and
participated in the Greek Struggle for Macedonia (d. 1904)
- 1873 - Tullio Levi-Civita, Italian mathematician
(d. 1941)
- 1874 - Lou Hoover, First Lady of the United States (d. 1944)
- 1889 - Warner Baxter, American actor (d.
1951)
- 1891 - Yvan Goll, French-German writer (d. 1950)
- 1892 - József Cardinal Mindszenty, Hungarian
Catholic cardinal (d. 1975)
- 1895 - Ernst Jünger, German author (d. 1998)
- 1899 - Lavrenty Beria, Soviet Communist leader (d.
1953)
- 1900 - John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
- 1900 - Bill Aston, British racing driver (d. 1974)
- 1901 - Andrija Maurovic, Croatian illustrator (d.
1981)
- 1902 - Marcel Aymé, French writer (d. 1967)
- 1902 - William Walton, English composer (d. 1983)
- 1905 - Philip Ahn, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1906 - E. Power Biggs American concert organist (d.
1977)
- 1907 - "Braguinha", Brazilian songwriter (d.
2006)
- 1908 - Arthur O'Connell, American actor (d.
1981)
- 1908 - Dennis O'Keefe, American actor (d. 1968)
- 1911 - Brigitte Horney, German actress (d.
1988)
- 1912 - Hanna Reitsch, German pilot (d. 1979)
- 1913 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
- 1913 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
- 1914 - Phil Foster, American actor (d. 1985}
- 1916 - Eugene McCarthy, American politician (d.
2005)
- 1917 - Man o' War, American thoroughbred racehorse
(d. 1947)
- 1918 - Pearl Bailey, American singer and actress (d.
1990)
- 1918 - Sam Walton, American businessman (d. 1992)
- 1919 - Eileen Heckart, American actress (d.
2001)
- 1920 - John Belk, American head of Belk, Inc. (d. 2007)
- 1927 - John McLaughlin, American political
commentator
- 1927 - John Robert Vane, English pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- 1928 - Vincent Gigante, American mafioso (d.
2005)
- 1929 - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (d. 2006)
- 1929 - Richard Lewontin, American biologist
- 1931 - Aleksei Gubarev, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1931 - Norman Tebbit, British politician
- 1933 - Jacques Brault, French Canadian poet
- 1936 - Judith Guest, American author
- 1936 - Mogens Camre, Danish politician
- 1937 - Billy Carter, brother of Jimmy Carter (d. 1988)
- 1939 - Terence Hill, Italian actor
- 1940 - Ray Davis, American musician
(P-Funk) (d. 2005)
- 1940 - Astrud Gilberto, Brazilian singer
- 1941 - Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr., American
astrophysicist, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate
- 1941 - Eden Kane, British singer
- 1943 - Eric Idle, English actor, writer, and composer
- 1943 - John Major, former Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1943 - Vangelis, Greek musician and composer
- 1944 - Terry Jacks, Canadian musician, songwriter, and
activist
- 1944 - Denny McLain, American baseball player
- 1945 - Walt Frazier, American basketball player
- 1946 - Billy Thorpe, Australian singer (d.
2007)
- 1947 - Bobby Kimball, American singer (Toto)
- 1948 - Bud Cort, American actor
- 1949 - Keith Simpson, British politician
- 1949 - Michael Brecker, American jazz saxophonist (d. 2007)
- 1949 - John Arthur Spenkelink, American murderer (d. 1979)
- 1952 - Teófilo Stevenson, Cuban boxer
- 1954 - Dianne Kay, American actress
- 1954 - Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die cause célèbre (d. 1985)
- 1955 - Earl Campbell, American football player
- 1955 - Brendan Gleeson, Irish actor
- 1955 - Christopher Lawford, Irish actor
- 1955 - Marina Sirtis, English actress
- 1956 - Patty Donahue, American singer (The Waitresses) (d. 1996)
- 1956 - Stephen Cole, English journalist
- 1956 - Kurt Thomas, American gymnast
- 1957 - Christopher Lambert, French actor
- 1958 - Victor Salva, American film director
- 1959 - Barry Blanchard, Canadian mountaineer
- 1959 - Perry Farrell, American musician (Jane's
Addiction and Porno for Pyros)
- 1959 - Brad McCrimmon, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1961 - Mike Kingery, American baseball player
- 1961 - Amy Sedaris, American actress and comedian
- 1961 - Gary Brabham, Australian racing driver
- 1964 - Elle Macpherson, Australian model
- 1965 - Voula Patoulidou, Greek athlete
- 1965 - Emilios T. Harlaftis, Greek astrophysicist (d. 2005)
- 1967 - Brian Jordan, American baseball player
- 1967 - John Popper, American musician (Blues
Traveler)
- 1968 - Lucy Lawless, New Zealand actress and singer
- 1968 - Sue Foley, Canadian singer and guitarist
- 1971 - Aaron Lawrence, American porn actor
- 1972 - Rui Costa, Portugal footballer
- 1972 - Junichi Suwabe, Japanese voice actor
- 1973 - Marc Overmars, Dutch footballer
- 1974 - Marc Gené, Spanish racing car driver
- 1976 - Jennifer Capriati, American tennis
player
- 1976 - Igor Astarloa, Spanish cyclist
- 1978 - Michael Kaczurak, American singer and
actor
- 1980 - Kim Tae Hee, South Korean actress
- 1980 - Prince Hamzah bin Al Hussein, of Jordan
- 1980 - Amy Mathews, Australian actress
- 1981 - Megan Hilty, American actress
- 1981 - Jlloyd Samuel, WestIndian-born footballer
- 1982 - Hideaki Takizawa, Japanese artist
- 1983 - Luiza Sá, Brazilian musician (CSS)
Deaths
- 1058 - Pope Stephen IX
- 1368 - Emperor Go-Murakami, Emperor of Japan (b. 1328)
- 1461 - Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of
Northumberland, English politician (b. 1421)
- 1578 - Arthur Champernowne, English admiral (b.
1524)
- 1578 - Louis I, Cardinal of Guise, French cardinal (b. 1527)
- 1625 - Antonio de Herrera y
Tordesillas, Spanish historian (b. 1549)
- 1628 - Tobias Matthew, Archbishop of York (b.
1546)
- 1629 - Jacob de Gheyn II, Dutch artist (b.
1565)
- 1683 - Yaoya Oshichi, a young girl burned at the stake
for arson in 17th Century Japan (b. 1667)
- 1751 - Thomas Coram, English sea captain and
philanthropist
- 1772 - Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish philosopher and
mathematician (b. 1688)
- 1788 - Charles Wesley, English Methodist hymnist (b.
1707)
- 1792 - King Gustav III of Sweden (shot) (b.
1746)
- 1800 - Marc René, marquis de
Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (b. 1714)
- 1803 - Gottfried van Swieten, Dutch composer (b.
1733)
- 1826 - Johann Heinrich Voß, German poet (b.
1751)
- 1855 - Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor (b.
1799)
- 1873 - Francesco Zantedeschi, Italian physicist
(b. 1797)
- 1888 - Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer
(b. 1813)
- 1906 - Slava Raskaj, Croatian painter (b.
1878)
- 1912 - Members of the Scott Expedition to the
South Pole:
- 1934 - Otto Hermann Kahn, German millionaire and
benefactor (b. 1867)
- 1937 - Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (b.
1882)
- 1957 - Joyce Cary, Irish author (b. 1888)
- 1959 - Barthelemy Boganda, first President of the Central African Republic (b.
1910)
- 1970 - Anna Louise Strong, American communist
journalist (b. 1885)
- 1971 - Dhirendranath Datta, Bangladeshi politician
(b. 1886)
- 1972 - Lord J. Arthur Rank, British
movie theater owner (b. 1888)
- 1980 - Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (b.
1905)
- 1982 - Carl Orff, German composer (b. 1895)
- 1982 - Nathan Twining, USAF
general (b. 1897)
- 1985 - Luther Terry, Surgeon General of the United States (b. 1911)
- 1985 - Jeanine Deckers, Belgian nun (b. 1933)
- 1986 - Harry Ritz, American actor and comedian (b.
1907)
- 1989 - Bernard Blier, French actor (b. 1916)
- 1991 - Lee Atwater, American political consultant (b.
1951)
- 1992 - Paul Henreid, Austrian actor (b. 1908)
- 1992 - Brenda, made the world a better place (b.
1954)
- 1994 - Eugène Ionesco, Romanian-born playwright (b.
1912)
- 1994 - Bill Travers, British actor (b. 1922)
- 1995 - Baltimora, British singer (b. 1957)
- 1995 - Terry Moore, American baseball player (b. 1912)
- 1996 - Frank Daniel, Czech-born writer, director,
producer and teacher (b. 1926)
- 1999 - Joe Williams, American singer (b.
1918)
- 2001 - Helge Ingstad, Norwegian explorer (b.
1899)
- 2001 - John Lewis, American jazz pianist (b. 1920)
- 2002 - Rico Yan, Philippine Young Movie & TV Actor (b.
1975)
- 2003 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (SARS) (b. 1956)
- 2005 - Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (b.
1937)
- 2005 - Mitch Hedberg, American comedian (b. 1968)
- 2005 - Miltos Sahtouris, Greek poet (b. 1919)
- 2006 - Salvador Elizondo, Mexican writer (b.
1932)
Holidays and observances
Liturgical feasts
- Saint Armosgastes (Archmimus, died after 460)
- Saint Barachasius (Berikjesu)
- St. Bertold (d. 1179)
- St. Eustace
- Firminus
- Gwynllyw (Woollos; Gundleus)
- St. Jonas (d. 327)
- St. Ludolf of Ratzeburg (d. 1250)
- Blessed Hugo (d. 1239)
- Hugh of Vaucelles (Dean of the church in Cambrai. Cistercian monk at Vaucelles. Died 1239 of
natural causes)
- Lasar
- Ludolph
- Saint Mark of Arethusa bishop, martyred in 362 during the persecution of Julian the
Apostate
- Pastor
- Saint Saturus
- Secundus
- Saint Gladys (Gwladys)
- Blessed Jeanne Marie de Maille
External links
