Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

 

(lĕp'ĭdəs) , family of the ancient Roman patrician gens Aemilia. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, d. 152 B.C., was a consul in 187 and 175 B.C., a censor in 179 B.C., and pontifex maximus [high priest] from 180 B.C. He served with distinction in the war with Antiochus III of Syria. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, d. 77 B.C., was praetor of Sicily (81 B.C.). As consul (78 B.C.), he was bitterly opposed to the senatorial leader Catulus (d. c.60 B.C.). When Lepidus was ostensibly on his way to his proconsulship in Gaul, he raised an army in N Italy. Pompey and Catulus defeated him, and he fled from Italy. His son, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, d. 13 B.C., was praetor (49 B.C.) and consul (46 B.C.) with Caesar. He was appointed to Narbonese Gaul and Hither Spain. He supported Antony, who joined him in Gaul after the defeat at Mutina (modern Modena) in 43 B.C. They formed the Second Triumvirate with Octavian (Augustus). After the battle of Philippi (42 B.C.), Lepidus received the governorship of Africa, whence he returned (36 B.C.) to conquer Sicily. Octavian suspected him of trying to keep Sicily for himself and deprived him of his offices, except that of pontifex maximus.

This page is about the colleague of Octavian and Mark Antony. For other generations of his family see Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (Latin: M·AEMILIVS·M·F·Q·N·LEPIDVS),^[1] d.13 BC, was a patrician Roman politician of the 1st century BC who rose to become a member of the Second Triumvirate and Pontifex Maximus. His father, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, had been involved in a rebellion against the Roman Republic which led to his death.

Lepidus was among Julius Caesar's greatest supporters. He started his cursus honorum as a praetor in 49 BC, was placed in charge of Rome while Caesar defeated Pompey in Spain,^[2] and was rewarded with the consulship in 46 BC after the defeat of the Pompeians in the East. When in February 44 BC Caesar was elected dictator for life by the senate, he made Lepidus "Master of the Horse", effectively deputy in the dictatorship.^[3] Their brief alliance in power came to a sudden end, however, when Caesar was assassinated on March 15 44 BC (the Ides of March). One of the ringleaders of the conspiracy, Cassius Longinus, had argued for the killing of Lepidus and Mark Antony as well, but Marcus Junius Brutus had overruled him, saying the action was an execution not a political coup.^[4]

After Caesar's murder, Lepidus, despite reassuring the senate of his loyalty, allied himself with Mark Antony in a joint bid for power. But Caesar had left an heir: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian, his great-nephew and adopted son. The three men met on an island in a river near Mutina (modern Modena), their armies lined along opposite banks,^[5] and formed the Second Triumvirate, legalized with the name of Triumvirs for the Organization of the People by the Lex Titia of 43 BC. Unlike the First Triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, this one was formally constituted. In effect, it sidelined the consuls and the senate and signalled the death of the republic.^[6] The triumvirate's legal life span of five years was renewed in 38 BC by the treaty of Tarentum for an equal period of time.

After the pacification of the east and the defeat of the assassins' faction in the Battle of Philippi, during which he remained in Rome, Lepidus assumed rule of the western provinces of Hispania and Africa. For a while he managed to distance himself from the frequent quarrels between his colleagues Antony and Octavian; however, in 36 BC an ill-judged political move gave Octavian the excuse he needed: Lepidus was accused of usurping power in Sicily and of attempted rebellion and was forced into exile. He was stripped of all his offices except that of Pontifex Maximus. He died peacefully in 13 BC.

Lepidus was the brother of Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus and father to Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the Younger. His wife was Junia, sister of Marcus Junius Brutus and Junia Tertia, Cassius Longinus's wife. After the Battle of Philippi, Lepidus managed to protect Junia Tertia and her mother Servilia from being executed.

Family tree

• (1)=1st husband/wife
• (2)=2nd husband/wife
• x=assassin of Caesar

Salonia (2)

Cato the Elder

Licinia (1)

Marcus Porcius Cato Salonianus

Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus

Marcus Livius Drusus

Marcus Porcius Cato (2)

Livia Drusa

Quintus Servilius Caepio the Younger(1)

Marcus Livius Drusus

Atilia (1)

Cato the Younger

Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, adoptive son

Marcus Junius Brutus the Elder (1)

Servilia Caepionis

Decimus Junius Silanus (2)

Servilia the younger

Quintus Servilius Caepio

Porcia Catonis

Marcus Junius Brutus x

Junia Prima

Junia Tertia

Gaius Cassius Longinus x

Marcus Porcius Cato (II)

Junia Secunda

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)

Descendent of Pompey the Great and Lucius Cornelius Sulla

Lepidus the Younger

Manius Aemilius Lepidus

Aemilia Lepida II

Notes and references

1. ^ "Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, M(arci) F(ilius) Q(uinti) N(epos), son of Marcus, grandson of Quintus"
2. ^ Holland, Tom, Rubicon.The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic, Abacus, 2004, ISBN 0-349-11563-X, 316.
3. ^ Holland, Rubicon, 346.
4. ^ Holland, Rubicon, 347.
5. ^ Holland, Rubicon, 360.
6. ^ Holland, Rubicon, 360.

Preceded by Quintus Fufius Calenus and Publius Vatinius	Consul of the Roman Republic with Gaius Julius Caesar 46 BC	Succeeded by Gaius Julius Caesar without colleague
Preceded by Aulus Hirtius and Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus	Consul of the Roman Republic together with Lucius Munatius Plancus 42 BC	Succeeded by Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus and Lucius Antonius
Preceded by Gaius Julius Caesar	Pontifex Maximus of Rome 44 BCE-12 BCE	Succeeded by Augustus

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