Mario Cuomo

(b. Queens County, New York, 15 June 1932) US; Governor of New York State 1983 – The son of Italian immigrant parents, Cuomo was educated at St John's University, from which he graduated BA in 1953 and LLB in 1956. He was called to the bar in New York that same year. After a spell as a professional basketball player for Pittsburg Pirates, he practised law 1963 – 75. He did not embark upon a political career until his forties when, in 1947, he made an unsuccessful attempt to become Democratic candidate for New York state Lieutenant-Governor. He was, instead, appointed Secretary of State to New York Governor Hugh Carey. In 1977, electoral success once again eluded him when he ran for mayor of New York City but lost in the primary. In 1978 at his second attempt, he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of New York and, in 1982, gained the governorship. He was re-elected by a record margin in 1986.

In office Cuomo established a reputation as a caring liberal, preaching family values and compassion for the needly. He has been acclaimed for his innovatory policies in higher education, for taking moral leadership on New York's Aids epidemic and for his success in balancing the state budget whilst at the same time cutting taxes. But he is not without critics. Questions have been raised about his management style, in particular his failure to delegate and his excessive reliance on the advice of a "kitchen cabinet" dominated by his lawyer son.

Cuomo's leadership credentials have also been questioned because of his tendency to self-doubt. He writes a detailed daily journal of his activities and reflections. Several volumes have been published, and provide ample testament to the reflective side of his nature. His reluctance to seek national elective office has also been attributed to this brooding self-doubt. In 1984 he achieved national prominence by delivering an electrifying key-note speech to the Democratic national convention, in which he urged the party to stand by its liberal traditions. In 1987 he was widely expected to make a bid for nomination as Democratic presidential candidate but he shocked the party by insisting he had no intention of running. His reluctance to stand aroused speculation about his Italian roots and the possibility of Mafia connections. He furiously denied these rumours and they were subsequently declared unfounded after investigation by the New York Magazine. As the primary campaign drew to a close in 1988 Cuomo remained the non-candidate whose shadow nevertheless loomed over the convention. He disappointed many in the party when he failed to play "white knight" and deliver the convention from the unenviable task of choosing between the charismatic black candidate, Jesse Jackson, and the lacklustre Michael Dukakis.

Cuomo is a man of paradoxes: a charismatic leader able to inspire with his vision, eloquence, authority, integrity, and charm; but also a brooding self-doubter reluctant to seek the nation's highest office. He is the author of several books, including Forest Hills Diary (1974) and Diaries of Mario Cuomo (1983). Co-authored works include Lincoln on Democracy (1990) and The New York Idea (1994).

Mario Matthew Cuomo (born 1932) was a progressive Democrat governor of New York state from 1982 to 1994. He emphasized lower taxes, balanced budgets, public education, and affirmative action, as well as a government-private sector partnership for economic progress. He was often mentioned as a possible Democratic candidate for president.

Mario Matthew Cuomo was born on June 15, 1932, in New York City. His parents, Andrea and Immaculata (Giordano) Cuomo, had immigrated from Salerno, Italy, in the late 1920s. His father dug and cleaned sewers and by 1931 had saved enough to open an Italian-American grocery store in the South Jamaica section of Queens, a borough of New York City. Cuomo was born in the family's apartment above the store. He was the youngest of three children; he had a brother and a sister. He spent much of his early life watching his parents work incredibly hard and absorbing their values of respect for family, personal obligations, education, and the law.

Cuomo spoke only Italian until he started local public schools. Seeking a more rigorous academic education, he transferred to a Roman Catholic high school, St. John's Preparatory. A boy who always liked to play ball games, at 19 Cuomo was recruited by the Pittsburgh Pirates to become a professional baseball player. He was sent to play with its minor league team, the Brunswick (Georgia) Pirates, as a center fielder. His doubts about making sports a career won out after a head injury received from a fastball. He returned to school on a scholarship given by St. John's University. Cuomo earned his B.A. degree with high honors in 1953, then entered St. John's School of Law. In June 1954 he married Matilda Raffa, a student at St. John's, who became a school teacher. He earned his law degree in 1956, tied for first in his class.

After graduation, Cuomo became a law clerk with a New York state Court of Appeals judge. In 1958 he went into private practice, joining a Brooklyn law firm. In 1963 he started teaching law part-time at St. John's.

Cuomo soon was drawn into representing community groups in their legal problems. He earned a reputation as a skilled debater and arbitrator. Once, he represented a group of junkyard owners and scrap dealers who sought to save their businesses when their land was condemned by New York City as a proposed site for the 1964-1965 World's Fair. Another time he helped families save their homes from being bulldozed to build a school and athletic field in Corona, Queens. Mayor John Lindsey asked him to settle bitterly hostile neighborhood disputes arising from a plan to build a large-scale low-income housing project in middle-income Forest Hills, Queens. His victories were heavily publicized and the recognition led to suggestions that he seek public office.

Cuomo, with a deep sense of civic obligation, decided to enter public service. In 1974 he ran for lieutenant governor of New York, but lost in a three-way Democratic primary that year. Governor Hugh Carey, an acquaintance from law school, appointed Cuomo secretary of state, beginning January 1975. Cuomo left his law partnership and teaching post to devote his full attention to the office, although he was not required to do so. He worked to expand the duties of secretary of state, intervening in a series of state-wide crises, including a Mohawk Indian lands claim dispute, nursing home practices problems, and rent strikes. The position offered him an extraordinary education in state government.

In 1977 he ran for mayor of New York City. He lost the Democratic primary, facing six rivals. However, he stayed in the race as the nominee of the Liberal Party. Cuomo was defeated by Edward Koch.

Carey, seeking re-election in 1978, asked Cuomo to run on his ticket as lieutenant governor. Cuomo received his party's support. The ticket won in the election. As lieutenant governor, Cuomo traveled the state in the role of ombudsman for citizen problems. He led President Jimmy Carter's 1980 re-election campaign in New York state and was a delegate that year to the Democratic National Convention.

When Carey announced that he would not seek a third term in office in 1982, Cuomo decided to enter the race. He faced his old opponent, Edward Koch, in the struggle for the nomination. Koch, more widely known and far better financed, lost this round. Relying on volunteers and upstate voters, Cuomo won the Democratic primary and, also, a place on the Liberal Party ticket. He narrowly defeated his millionaire Republican opponent in the general election to become New York's 52nd governor.

In 1984 Cuomo delivered the keynote address at the Democratic Party's national nominating convention in San Francisco. He electrified the crowd with his oratorical skills. In 1992 at the Democratic National Convention he gave the speech which nominated Bill Clinton as the Democratic candidate for President. Cuomo himself was sought after to run for the presidential nomination in 1984, 1988, and 1992, but each time he refused.

Cuomo won re-election in 1986 and again, for a third term, in 1990. His vote-gathering abilities broke state records for the percentage of votes received for governor. As governor, Cuomo pushed for lower taxes and balanced budgets. He made public education a top priority. He emphasized a partnership between business and government for economic development. His affirmative action efforts won praise.

In 1994, even after a campaign that was supported by New York City's Republican mayor, Rudolph Guiliani, Cuomo was defeated for re-election by his Republican challenger, George Pataki. Critics have said that Cuomo's brand of social liberalism had been discredited in the public mind, in favor of less government. In 1995, shortly after taking office, Pataki passed a death penalty law, after two decades of vetoes by his two Democratic predecessors.

Cuomo spoke of his political orientation as "progressive pragmatism." He was influenced by his ethnic, religious, and lower-class upbringing. He reminded people of America's immigrant heritage and the upward mobility of its people. His political philosophy was a "family kind of politics" that conceived of people sharing their burdens and blessings and understanding that their individual well-being depends on the well-being of the community. Thus, he believed that government has a responsibility to help those who through no fault of their own are either permanently or temporarily unable to help themselves.

Cuomo is an introspective person, keeping diaries to explore his own motivations and sort his thinking. He has been described as being a workaholic, competitive, having a quick temper, and refusing to delegate authority. Cuomo considers himself devoted to his family and friends. He doted on his three daughters and two sons. His elder son, Andrew, managed his father's campaigns and served as a chief adviser to the governor. Andrew Cuomo became Secretary of Housing & Urban Development in the second term of President Bill Clinton.

Mario Cuomo has authored books about public policy, social and cultural issues, New York, and his life, both personal and political. He also hosts a radio call-in show in New York City.

Further Reading

Mario Cuomo has written two books recording major episodes in his life, based on his diaries. Both have biographical portions and personal meditations that give insight into the many forces that shape his character: Forest Hills Diary: The Crisis of Low-Income Housing (1974); and Diaries of Mario M. Cuomo: The Campaign for Governor (1984). He described New York State, its challenges and accomplishments in The New York Idea: An Experiment in Democracy (1994). He also released More Than Words and Lincoln On Democracy (which he co-edited). A fascinating biography is Robert S. McElvaine, Mario Cuomo: A Biography (1988). A study of Cuomo's political support and issues is Lee M. Miringoff and Barbara L. Carvalho, The Cuomo Factor: Assessing the Political Appeal of New York's Governor (1986). Information about Cuomo's political career can be followed in a biennial series, The Almanac of American Politics, by Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa.

(1932- ), governor of New York (1983- ). The first Italian-American governor of New York, Cuomo burst on the national political scene in the 1980s, a decade dominated by the conservatism of Ronald Reagan. Perhaps the most gifted and inspiring political speaker of his generation, Cuomo quickly became the great hope of the Democratic party, which had won only one presidential election since 1964.

Cuomo was born in a room above the family grocery store in the polyglot New York neighborhood of South Jamaica, Queens, only a few years after his parents had arrived in the United States from southern Italy. His ethnic background, which led to his feeling the sting of discrimination when he was rejected by leading Manhattan law firms, is one of the three wellsprings of Cuomo's character. Another is his competitiveness, evidenced by his fling with minor league baseball as well as his legal representation of groups of citizens in conflicts with the city. But despite his relish for competition, Cuomo's reputation came to be that of a masterful conciliator as he worked out compromises in seemingly intractable disputes over public housing projects. These roles put Cuomo in the spotlight and led him into politics, where his craving for contests could best be combined with his other basic motivations, a religious-based compassion and a calling to serve others.

His early political ventures were unsuccessful. Particularly galling was his 1977 loss to Edward Koch in the New York City mayoral race. Were it not for his competitive nature and his desire to serve, this defeat might have marked the end of his political career. But in the 1982 election for governor, Cuomo overcame the heavily favored Koch to win.

Cuomo's keynote address to the 1984 Democratic National Convention in San Francisco did more to promote a political reputation than had any oratory since William Jennings Bryan's Cross of Gold speech in 1896. Speaking, at the very peak of Reaganism about the societal and family values that were at the heart of the Democratic party, Cuomo brought tears to the eyes of even cynical politicians.

As governor, Cuomo enjoyed at first the benefits of a booming regional economy, which helped him increase spending at the same time that he was reducing tax rates. Although political foes labeled him "soft" on crime because of his opposition to the death penalty, he embarked on the largest prison-building program in the state's history. And though a deeply religious Catholic personally opposed to abortion, he nevertheless took the position that the state should not deny a woman's right to make her own decision on this most personal matter.

In 1986 Cuomo was reelected by the greatest margin in the history of New York gubernatorial races. He was the clear front-runner for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination, but startled the political world in early 1987 by declaring his noncandidacy. For more than a year thereafter, however, he kept interest high by refusing to close the door to a possible draft.

Cuomo's second term as governor was marred by a major downturn in the economy of the Northeast, reversing the happy circumstances of his first years in office. But despite massive budget problems, Cuomo remained so formidable in 1990 that the Republicans had difficulty finding anyone to run against him, and most political observers once more had him at the top of their lists of Democratic presidential prospects.

Bibliography:

Mario M. Cuomo, Diaries of Mario M. Cuomo: The Campaign for Governor (1984); Robert S. McElvaine, Mario Cuomo: A Biography (1988).

Author:

Robert S. McElvaine

Quotes:

"You campaign in poetry. You govern in prose."

"I watched a small man with thick calluses on both hands work fifteen and sixteen hours a day. I saw him once literally bleed from the bottoms of his feet, a man who came here uneducated, alone, unable to speak the language, who taught me all I needed to know about faith and hard work by the simple eloquence of his example."

Mario Cuomo
52nd Governor of New York
In office January 1, 1983 – December 31, 1994
Lieutenant	Alfred DelBello (1983–1985) Warren Anderson (1985–1986) Stan Lundine (1987–1994)
Preceded by	Hugh L. Carey
Succeeded by	George E. Pataki
68th Lieutenant Governor of New York
In office January 1, 1979 – December 31, 1982
Preceded by	Mary Anne Krupsak
Succeeded by	Alfred DelBello
58th Secretary of State of New York
In office January 1, 1975 – December 31, 1978
Preceded by	John J. Ghezzi
Succeeded by	Basil Paterson
Born	June 15, 1932 (1932-06-15) (age 77) Queens, New York
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Matilda Cuomo
Profession	Lawyer
Religion	Roman Catholic

Mario Matthew Cuomo (born June 15, 1932) served as the 52nd Governor of New York from 1983 to 1994. Cuomo became nationally known for his keynote speech^[1] at the 1984 Democratic National Convention and the subsequent speculation over the next decade that he might run for the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Political career 3 Political views 4 Family and personal life 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Early life

He was born in the New York City borough of Queens to a family of Italian origin. His father, Andrea Cuomo, was from Nocera Inferiore, Italy, and his mother Immacolata was from Tramonti. The family owned a store in south Jamaica, Queens. Cuomo attended P.S. 50 and later earned his bachelor's degree in 1953 and law degree in 1956 from St. John's University, graduating first in his class^[2]. When he and the salutatorian (recently retired Professor Patrick Rohan) were summoned to the dean's office (Reverend Joseph T. Tinnelly) at the end of the year, he was asked what field he plans on going into after graduation.^{[citation needed]} Cuomo responded that he would like to be a trial lawyer. Consequently, he was sent to clerk for the Honorable Judge Adrian P. Burke of the New York Court of Appeals^[3]. Additionally, he was signed and played in the Pittsburgh Pirates minor league system until he was injured when a ball hit his head, and subsequently became a scout for the team.

Political career

He first became a household name in and around New York City in the late 1960s when he represented residents of Queens' Forest Hills section when they opposed the construction of a public-housing development in that neighborhood, which has a high per-capita income and is famous for being the site of the Forest Hills Tennis Center.

Governor Cuomo speaking at a rally in 1991

In 1974, he was the Democratic Party designee for Lieutenant Governor of New York but was defeated in the primary election by Mary Anne Krupsak. He was appointed Secretary of State of New York by Governor Hugh Carey in January 1975. He also favored the prison industrial complex, building 18 private prisons in upstate New York.

Cuomo was defeated by Ed Koch in the 1977 Democratic primary for the New York City mayoral election, but was nevertheless nominated by the Liberal Party. On the Liberal ticket in the general election, Cuomo lost narrowly to Koch. Cuomo narrowly lost to Koch in the Democratic Primary in 1977, but was defeated by a wide margin in the 1977 general election.

Cuomo was elected Lieutenant Governor with Governor Carey in 1978. He was elected Governor in 1982, defeating Koch in the 1982 Democratic primary and Republican businessman Lewis Lehrman in the general election. Cuomo was re-elected in 1986 and 1990 .

Cuomo gave the keynote speech at the 1984 Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, and media reports speculated during several presidential election campaigns that he might run for the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States, but Cuomo always declined to run. Perhaps the closest he came to running was in 1992, when he kept an airplane waiting on the tarmac as he decided whether to fly to New Hampshire to enter that state's primary.^[4] He was also spoken of as a candidate for nomination to the United States Supreme Court, but when President Bill Clinton was considering nominees during his first term to replace the retiring Byron White, Cuomo stated he was not interested in the office.^[5] Because of Cuomo's refusal to take up the party's banner for national office despite his popularity within the liberal wing of the Democratic party during the 1980s and 1990s, his name has in some circles become a metaphor for a reluctant political leader, the "Hamlet on the Hudson"^[6].

Mario Cuomo after a lecture at Baldwin-Wallace College, September 10, 2007

In 1994, Cuomo ran for a fourth term. In this election, Republicans attacked him for his opposition to the death penalty by highlighting the case of Arthur Shawcross (a multiple murderer convicted of manslaughter who was paroled from New York in 1987 and on release became a serial killer). Republicans were able to associate Shawcross with Cuomo much like Willie Horton with Michael Dukakis six years earlier.

Cuomo was defeated by George Pataki in the 1994 Republican landslide that also unseated Texas Governor Ann Richards, and brought a Republican majority to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. (Cuomo and Richards appeared in a humorous television commercial for Doritos shortly afterward, in which they discussed the "sweeping changes" occurring. The changes they are discussing turn out to be the new Doritos packaging.)

Political views

Cuomo is notable for his liberal political views, particularly his steadfast opposition to the death penalty, an opinion that was unpopular in New York during the high crime era of the 1980s and early '90s. While governor, he vetoed several bills that would have re-established capital punishment in New York State (the death penalty was in fact reinstated by Pataki the year after he defeated Cuomo in the 1994 election, although it was never put into effect and its statute declared unconstitutional by the New York Court of Appeals in 2004).

On abortion, Cuomo emphasizes his Catholicism as a basis for his personal opposition, yet is unwavering in his belief that every individual is entitled to judge how best to embody Catholic teaching in his or her political strategy. In a noteworthy speech at Notre Dame on Sept. 13, 1984, he used the statements of the American Catholic hierarchy to argue "that what is ideally desirable isn't always feasible, that there can be different political approaches to abortion besides unyielding adherence to an absolute prohibition."^[7]

He has also been outspoken on what he perceives to be the unfair stereotyping of Italian-Americans. Cuomo also opposed the move of the National Football League's New York Giants and New York Jets to the Meadowlands in East Rutherford, New Jersey, choosing instead to attend the home games of the Buffalo Bills while serving as governor, referring to the Bills as "New York State's only team." Cuomo is a strong proponent of social welfare. He has acted as lawyer for progressive filmmaker Michael Moore.

Family and personal life

Cuomo's elder son, Andrew Cuomo, was married to Kerry Kennedy (divorced in 2003), the daughter of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. He served as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Bill Clinton from 1997–2001. In an attempt to succeed his father, he ran as Democratic candidate for New York Governor in 2002 but withdrew before the primary after making ill-advised criticisms of Republican incumbent George Pataki's leadership after the terrorist attacks on the city on 9/11 the previous year. He remained on the ballot as Liberal Party candidate but did not campaign, instead endorsing Democratic nominee Carl McCall in the general election, and received only a very small percentage of the vote as Pataki was re-elected. In November 2006, Andrew Cuomo was elected New York State Attorney General, replacing Eliot Spitzer, who was elected Governor of New York.

Cuomo's younger son, Chris Cuomo, is a journalist on the ABC Network newsmagazine Primetime and anchors news segments and serves as co-host on Good Morning America. He was picked as one of People Magazine's 50 Sexiest People in 1997.

Cuomo's daughter, Maria Cuomo Cole, is married to Kenneth Cole, the famous New York fashion designer.

Cuomo is an avid player of fantasy baseball. He always has an Italian player on his team, regardless of how many Italian players are available or how well they are doing.^[8]

Cuomo is the author of Why Lincoln Matters (2004) and sits on the Advisory Council of the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission.

In 1996, he wrote Reason to Believe. He also wrote a Narrative Essay entitled, "Achieving the American Dream" about his parents struggles coming to America and how they prospered.

Barnard College at its 1983 commencement ceremonies awarded Cuomo its highest honor, the Barnard Medal of Distinction.

Cuomo is currently of counsel at the New York law firm Willkie Farr & Gallagher.^[9]

See also

• Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates

References

1. ^ Audio recording and transcription of 1984 DNC speech
2. ^ Heard from Prof. Patrick Rohan; April 23, 2009
3. ^ ibid.
4. ^ Gitell, Sam. "New Hampshire Factor." New York Sun, 26 September 2006. Joe Klein's roman à clef Primary Colors depicts a fictionalized Cuomo's uncertainty on whether to run.
5. ^ Sack, Kevin. "CUOMO ANNOUNCES HE IS NOT SEEKING SEAT ON HIGH COURT." The New York Times, April 8, 1993. George Stephanopoulos wrote in 1999 that Clinton came within 15 minutes of nominating Cuomo before the latter preemptively rejected the post.[1]
6. ^ The Economist. "Mario Cuomo, Hamlet on the Hudson"
7. ^ Mario Cuomo, "Religious Belief and Public Morality: A Catholic Governor’s Perspective: Remarks delivered at the University of Notre Dame"
8. ^ Walker, Sam: "Fantasyland: A Season on Baseball's Lunatic Fringe" Viking, 2006
9. ^ http://www.willkie.com/MarioCuomo

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mario Cuomo

• Support Governor Cuomo for President in 2008 website
• Text Cuomo's 1984 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address - "A Tale of Two Cities"
• Text and Audio of Cuomo's Address at the University of Notre Dame – "Religious Belief and Public Morality"
• Lewis Lehrman 1982 NY Governor Campaign Retrospective. Lehrman narrowly lost to Mario Cuomo (51% to 48%)
• Biography at Willkie Farr & Gallagher website
• Video of debate/discussion with Mario Cuomo and Paul Krugman on Bloggingheads.tv

Political offices
Preceded by John J. Ghezzi	Secretary of State of New York 1975 - 1978	Succeeded by Basil Paterson
Preceded by Mary Anne Krupsak	Lieutenant Governor of New York 1979 - 1982	Succeeded by Alfred DelBello
Preceded by Hugh L. Carey	Governor of New York 1983 - 1994	Succeeded by George Pataki
Party political offices
Preceded by Albert Blumenthal	Liberal Nominee for Mayor of New York City (lost) 1977	Succeeded by Mary Codd
Preceded by Mo Udall	Keynote Speaker of the Democratic National Convention 1984	Succeeded by Ann Richards

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