Marrakech

Coordinates: 31°38′N 8°0′W / 31.633°N 8°W / 31.633; -8

Marrakech مراكش Murrākush
The City of Marrakech
Marrakech Location in Morocco
Coordinates: 31°8′N 8°0′W / 31.133°N 8°W / 31.133; -8
Country	Morocco
Region	Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz
Population (2006)
- Total	1,036,500

Marrakech or Marrakesh (Amazigh: Murakush, Arabic مراكش Murrākush), known as the "Red City", is an important and former imperial city in Morocco. It has a population of 1,070,838 (as of 2004),^[1] and is the capital of the mid-southwestern economic region of Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, near the foothills of the snow-capped Atlas Mountains.

Like many North African and Middle Eastern cities, Marrakech comprises both an old fortified city (the médina) and an adjacent modern city (called Gueliz). It is served by Ménara International Airport (RAK is the code for the airport) and a rail link to Casablanca and the north. Marrakech is the third largest city in Morocco after Casablanca and Rabat.^{[citation needed]}

Marrakech has the largest traditional market (souk) in Morocco and also has one of the busiest squares in Africa and the world, Djemaa el Fna.^[2] The square bustles with acrobats, story-tellers, water sellers, dancers, and musicians. By night, the square turns into food stalls, becoming a huge open-air restaurant with busy life.

Name

The probable origin of its name is from the Amazigh (Berber) words mur (n) akush, which means "Land of God". (The root "mur" is used now in the Berber languages mostly in the feminine form "tamurt"). The same word "mur" appears in the country Mauritania, but this interpretation is still unproven to this day.

Until a few decades ago, Morocco was known as Kingdom of Marrakech by Arabs, Persians and Europeans. The European names of Morocco, Marruecos, Maroc, Marokko are directly derived from the Berber word Murakush. The city is spelled "Marrakech" in French, "Marrakech" or "Marrakesh" in English, "Marrakesch" in German and "Marakeş" in Turkish.

History

The Koutoubia Mosque, built in the 12th century CE

The ancient city walls known as Medina of Marrakech

Prior to the advent of the Almoravids in the 11th century, the area was ruled from the city of Aghmat. The Almoravid leader, Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar decided Aghmat was becoming overcrowded and chose to build a new capital. He decided to build it in the plains near the Tansift river. He chose the site of Marrakech, because it was in neutral territory between two tribes who were vying for the honor of hosting the new capital.^{[citation needed]} Work started in May 1070, but Abu-Bakr was recalled to the Sahara to put down a rebellion in January 1071 and the city was completed by his deputy and eventual successor Yusuf ibn Tashfin.^[3] The city experienced its greatest period under the leadership of Yacoub el Mansour, the third Almohad sultan. A number of poets and scholars entered the city during his reign and he began the construction of the Koutoubia Mosque and a new kasbah.

Prior to the reign of Moulay Ismail, Marrakech was the capital of Morocco. After his reign, his grandson moved the capital back to Marrakech from Meknès.

For centuries Marrakech has been known for its 'seven saints.' When sufism was at the height of its popularity, during the reign of Moulay Ismail, the festival of the 'seven saints' was founded by Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi at the request of the sultan. The tombs of several renowned figures were moved to Marrakech to attract pilgrims in the same way Essaouira did at that time with its Regrega festivals. The 'seven saints' (sebaatou rizjel) is now a firmly established institution, attracting visitors from everywhere. The seven saints include Sidi Bel Abbas (the patron saint of the city), Sidi Muhammad al-Jazuli, Sidi Abu al-Qasim Al-Suhayli, Cadi Ayyad ben Moussa, Abdelaziz al-Tebaa and Abdallah al-Ghazwani.

Marrakech was dominated in the first half of the 20th century by T'hami El Glaoui, Lord of the Atlas and Pasha of Marrakech. The poet of the city was Mohammed Ben Brahim, his favorite place was café Al-Masraf. The poems and songs of Ben Brahim are still known by heart by many Marrakshi.

Demographics

Marrakech had an official number of population of 1,070,838 in 2004.^[1] There is a very large international community consisting mainly of Europeans estimated at 10,700 people, mostly retired.^{[citation needed]}

Main sights in Marrakech

Many tourists take a trip from Marrakech to visit the valley of the Ourika River in the Atlas Mountains or the valley of the Draa River in the south near the Sahara desert, but also to Middle Atlas Mountains: Waterfalls of Beni Mellal, and to Essaouira on the Atlantic ocean.

Transport

Menara International Airport serves as the main airport for the city and receives flights from Europe and neighboring Arab countries.

A toll-paying motorway connects Marrakech with Casablanca.

CTM coaches (intercity buses) and various private lines run services to most notable Moroccan towns as well as a number of European cities, from the Gare Routière on Rue Bab Doukkala in downtown Marrakech.

Marrakech is the southern terminus of the ONCF, the Moroccan railway network, and Marrakech is well served by trains heading to Tangier, Rabat, Casablanca, and Fes. The train station is located on Avenue Hassan II.

The ONCF owned "Supratours" bus company serves towns not served by the train. The bus timetable coordinates with the train timetable and the bus terminal is right beside the station.

References in popular culture

Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)

• "Marrakesh Express" is a song by Crosby, Stills and Nash.
• Alfred Hitchcock filmed the opening scenes of The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) on location in Marrakech with Doris Day and James Stewart.
• The book Hideous Kinky, as well as its movie adaptation, are for a large part situated in Marrakech in the early 70's.
• "Marrakech" is a title of a chapter, as well as the chapter's main setting, in James Michener's The Drifters
• In an episode of the Simpsons Montgomery Burnes and Mr.Smithers visit Marrakech, after Homer usurps control of the power plant, in order to find opium. Upon asking a street salesmen if he know's where to get drugs the salesmen responds by demonstrating that the bananas, monkeys, and the entire market is made of drugs.

Sister cities

• - Granada, Spain
• - Timbuktu, Mali

Climate

Weather averages for Marrakech, Morocco (1961-1990)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average high °F (°C)	64 (18)	67 (19)	72 (22)	74 (23)	80 (27)	87 (31)	97 (36)	97 (36)	90 (32)	80 (27)	72 (22)	66 (19)
Average low °F (°C)	43 (6)	47 (8)	50 (10)	53 (12)	57 (14)	62 (17)	69 (21)	69 (21)	66 (19)	59 (15)	52 (11)	45 (7)
Precipitation inches (mm)	1.1 (27.9)	1.2 (30.5)	1.4 (35.6)	1.3 (33)	0.7 (17.8)	0.3 (7.6)	0.1 (2.5)	0.1 (2.5)	0.3 (7.6)	0.8 (20.3)	1.5 (38.1)	1.1 (27.9)
Source: Hong Kong Observatory[4] 2009-06-03

Panoramic picture of the Djemaa el Fna^[5] square at sunset. Koutoubia Mosque appears on the extreme left. The souks are in the alleys behind the square

Photo Gallery

The Saadian Tombs	The Koutoubia Mosque	Djemaa el Fna square by night	A view from a hill
City hall	city gate Bab Agnaou	Djemaa el Fna in the evening	Marrakech riad courtyard
Wall of Agdal Gardens	Ballooning	Menara gardens	Sunset near Marrakech train station

References and notes

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Marrakech

• Marrakech travel guide from Wikitravel
• marrakech tourism
• photographs of Marrakech by Antony Marsh
• riad in marrakech

v • d • e World Heritage Sites in Morocco Archaeological Site of Volubilis · Historic City of Meknes · Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou · Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador) · Medina of Fes el Bali  · Medina of Marrakech · Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin) · Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida)