Massive Attack

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Massive Attack
3D and Daddy G at Eurockéennes, 2008
Background information
Origin	Bristol, England, UK
Genre(s)	Trip hop (hip-hop / neo-soul, dub, electronica, post-punk & soundtrack references)
Years active	1988–present
Label(s)	Virgin [EMI]
Associated acts	The Wild Bunch Tricky Portishead
Website	http://www.massiveattack.com
Members
Robert "3D" Del Naja ("D") Grant "Daddy G" Marshall ("G")
Former members
Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles ("Mush")
Notable instrument(s)
Bass, drums, guitars, strings, synths, samplers

Massive Attack are a British music duo from Bristol, UK, widely considered to be progenitors of the genre known as trip hop. Originally, DJ's Grantley (Grant) Marshall (Daddy G), Andrew Vowles (Mushroom) and painter-turned-MC Robert Del Naja (3D) met as members of The Wild Bunch, one of the first sound system collectives in Britain and a dominant force in the early 1980s Bristolian club scene.^[1] Starting out as a production trio in 1988, with their independently-released song, "Any Love", sung by falsetto-voiced singer-songwriter Carlton McCarthy,^[2] they later signed to Circa Records,^[3] in 1990. Circa became a subsidiary of (and was later subsumed by) Virgin Records, which in turn was acquired by EMI.^{[1] [4]}

Some of their most noted songs have been without choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric dynamics, conveyed through either epic distorted guitar crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements (like swelling, sustained strings or flourishes of grand piano) or prominent, looped/shifting basslines, often underpinned by high and exacting production values, involving sometimes painstaking digital editing and mixing.^[4] The pace of their music has often been slower than prevalent British dance music at the time. These and other psychedelic, soundtrack-like and DJist sonic techniques, formed a much-emulated style journalists began to dub "trip hop" from the mid-nineties onwards,^[5] though in an interview in 2006, G said, "'We used to hate that terminology [trip-hop] so bad,' (laughs) 'You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack music was unique, so to put it in a box was to pigeonhole it and to say, "Right, we know where you guys are coming from."'"^[6]

Their debut album, Blue Lines (1991), was co-produced by Jonny Dollar and Cameron McVey, who also became their first manager.^[7] Geoff Barrow, who went on to form Portishead, was a tea-boy and tape operator at Bristol's Coach House studio when the album was recorded.^[8] McVey (credited at the time as 'Booga Bear') and his wife, Neneh Cherry provided key financial support and other help to the careers of Massive Attack, Portishead and Tricky during this period, paying wages to them through their 'Cherry Bear Organisation'.^[9] Massive Attack went on to critical acclaim for their ever-changing line-up of distinctive, often 'ethereal' or whispery guest vocalists, interspersed with Del Naja and Marshall's (initially Tricky's) own, similarly hushed, sprechgesang stylings, on top of, what became regarded as, quintessentially British, creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused down-tempo hip hop, soul, reggae and other eclectic references, musical and lyrical.^[1]

With the coffee-table chill-out of Protection in 1994, a rather heavier, guitar-upgraded Mezzanine in 1998, and then the denser, more clinical soundscaping of Robert Del Naja's essentially solo 100th Window in 2003, Massive's overall sound grew persistently more experimental and melancholy, having a greater degree of gothic post-punk texture and moodily cinematic electronica integrated into it. The band became known for often not being able to easily get along with one another and working increasingly separately. Andrew Vowles, aka Mushroom, reluctantly and acrimoniously left Massive Attack altogether in late 1999, at the behest of his colleagues. Daddy G had also effectively left by 2001, but returned to a studio role with greater commitment in 2005, having joined the touring line-up of 2003/4,^[10] though he did not produce "Live With Me", with Terry Callier, the one new track from [Disc 1 of] 2006's Collected. A record label, Melankolic, was started back in 1995 (as an imprint of Virgin [EMI]), but folded after 2002. Over the decades, the Bristol collective have collaborated with Neneh Cherry, Madonna, David Bowie, Mos Def and Sinéad O'Connor amongst many others. Roots reggae veteran, Horace Andy has featured on all of their studio LP's. Currently, producer Neil Davidge and Massive Attack spend time in Del Naja and Davidge's 100 Suns studio, in Bristol, working to finish mixing their, as yet untitled, long-awaited, fifth studio album,^[11] a single from which is being anticipated this September/October 2009 ahead of an album to probably be released in the Spring of 2010.^[12]

History

1988-1989: Any Love

Unsigned, Mushroom (Andy Vowles), Daddy G (Grant Marshall) and 3D (Robert Del Naja) put out "Any Love" as a single,^[13] co-produced by Bristolian double-act Smith and Mighty. Through The Wild Bunch they met Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry.

1990-1992: Unfinished Sympathy, Blue Lines and Cameron McVey

Daddy G of Massive Attack at the Eurockéennes Festival 2008

3D co-wrote (the rap verses of) Neneh Cherry's "Manchild",^[14] which went to number one. Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their first LP, "Blue Lines", partly in their house, and the album was released in 1991 on Virgin Records.^[15]

The album was critically acclaimed across the board. It encompassed a range of different vocalists, normal practice for an eclectic soundsystem but quite unusual for a high-profile album at that time. The singers included Horace Andy, a reggae legend as well as Shara Nelson, a former Wild Bunch cohort. MC's Tricky and Willie Wee, also once part of The Wild Bunch, featured, as well as Daddy G's voice on "Five Man Army". Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel".^[15]

That year they released "Unfinished Sympathy" as a single [an obvious pun on Unfinished Symphony], a grandiosely string-arranged track at Abbey Road studio, scored by Will Malone,^[16] that would go on to be voted the 10th greatest of all time,^[17] with a one-take video that also become iconic and much-imitated (by The Verve amongst others). The group shortened their name, on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the Gulf War.^[18] They go back to being Massive Attack for their next single, "Safe From Harm".

They undertook a relatively brief tour, including the United States, as a DJs & MCs, hip hop-type setup, with only turntables and microphones. The tour was not particularly well received, spurring the decision to make Massive Attack into a more traditional live entity for the following tour.^[19]

1993-1997: Protection, Nellee Hooper, Melankolic and Neil Davidge

After falling out with Shara Nelson over wages and her decision to make a solo record, the band brought in Everything But The Girl's Tracey Thorn as a new vocalist.^[1] Cameron McVey abandoned his role as Massive Attack's manager and Daddy G asked Marc Picken to represent the band.^[20] Picken found Nicolette to be the other female vocalist on the album that would become their second studio release, Protection.

With McVey out of the picture, Massive, returning to their roots in some respects, enlisted the production talents of Wild Bunch alumnus, Nellee Hooper to co-produce the record, or rather co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by The Insects and 3D.

The album was successful. A dub version, "No Protection", was released the following year by Mad Professor). Protection won a Brit award for Best Dance Act^[21] and 3D joked, on receiving it, that none of them could dance. It was more chilled out and overtly electronic than Blue Lines and ends with a lighthearted cover of the Doors classic, "Light My Fire", sung by Horace Andy, often thought of now as an ill-chosen reference to their live soundsystem past. The other collaborators on Protection were Craig Armstrong,^[10] a virtuoso Scottish classical pianist and Tricky. Tricky's solo career was taking off at this time and he decided not to collaborate with Massive anymore after this, having never been very happy with Massive Attack's creative direction or in his relationships with Del Naja and Daddy G.^[1]

1994-5 was also the period of Portishead's Dummy and Tricky's Maxinquaye albums and the term, "trip hop" was coined.^[22] Massive Attack bitterly opposed its use, wanting to not be pigeonholed. The media started to refer to the "Bristol scene",^[23] although this would be spurious to some extent as Tricky based himself in London [and later in the States] and there was not a great deal of camaraderie between the three entities (although they could be related in that the protagonists were all connected to Blue Lines studio sessions and their wages being initially paid by Neneh Cherry and Cameron McVey's "Cherry Bear Organisation").

In 1995, Massive Attack started a label under EMI, Melankolic, an obvious reference to their interest in elegiac music, and signed Craig Armstrong, as well as a number of other artists: Horace Andy, Alpha, Sunna and Day One. The trio espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted.^[24]

The same year, The Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to Neil Davidge,^[25] a relatively unknown producer whose main claim to fame thus far had been an association with anonymous dance/pop outfit, DNA. The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured By The Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the Batman Forever soundtrack, foretelling ever greater forays into film music. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became de facto producer.

The trio increasingly fractured in the lead up to the third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction, Del Naja, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band in.^[25]

In 1997, the group contributed to the movie soundtrack of The Jackal, recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a number containing a sample of Siouxsie and the Banshees^[26] and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (which would later be remixed in a longer, darker form for the next album).

Later that year they delivered a comeback single, "Risingson" (from what would be their third album, Mezzanine) released to sate the fans' appetite for new material.^[27]

1998-2001: Teardrop, Mezzanine, the Mushroom split and 3D solo

3D at Barcelona 2007

Mezzanine was darker, heavier sounding and more guitar-driven, the album came out initially to rather mixed reviews and a perception that it was not a commercial record, although it went on to be their most commercial. The record marked Massive Attack becoming a live band and incorporated more fresh, recorded live music as well as samples. Angelo Bruschini would become their permanent lead guitarist both in recording and live.^[27]

The lead single, after "Risingson" was "Teardrop", perhaps the most accessible track on the album, sung by Cocteau Twin, Elizabeth Fraser. (It was accompanied by what would become a very memorable video directed by Walter Stern, of an animatronic singing foetus.) Mushroom and Del Naja met Fraser in Safeway (a British supermarket) her collaboration on three songs came about as the relationship with Tracey Thorn fell by the wayside. Horace Andy was invited back to sing on three songs, including the epic, "Angel" and a track the band made for the movie The Jackal, "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sara Jay, was remixed longer and darker for inclusion on the record.

Mezzanine went on to be critically acclaimed, winning a Q Award for Best Album^[28] (Q magazine initially only having given it 3/5 stars) as well as being nominated for a Mercury. The record eschewed hip-hop to some extent in favour of more experimental, gothic and post-punk-like music, resulting from Del Naja's influence. Most of the songs were started and co-written by Neil Davidge, but Davidge did not receive any writing credit on the record. The artwork for the album is a beetle, made out of parts of a Volkswagen beetle car.

Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the others came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group, Del Naja's dominating role and having to appear on tour.^[11] He is thought to have leaked Massive Attack material to Madonna in an effort to have her involved on an album and to have been refusing to allow anyone else in the band to modify his material (seen to be against the collaborative spirit of the group). Finding his behaviour intolerable to deal with, the other two suggested he would need to leave or the band would have to end. Mushroom acrimoniously split from Massive Attack officially in the autumn of 1999. It is rumoured that he privately blamed his subsequent severe health problems on the strain of the acrimony. It was widely reported in subsequent years that he would produce a solo album, but no such material has ever appeared in the ten years since.

In 2000, Del Naja and Daddy G released a highly publicized webcast on the state of the band and future plans, which was perceived by some to be a show of unity following divorce from Mushroom.

Around this time, Del Naja, with Davidge decanted into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of Lupine Howl (itself made up of sacked members of the band Spiritualized, including Damon Reece who would go on to be Massive Attack's permanent drummer and one of two live drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into an experimental, psychedelic rock direction.^[7]

Daddy G became increasingly disillusioned with this approach, despite having supported the direction up until the point of Mezzanine, and stayed away from the studio from around 2001, effectively leaving Massive Attack as a producer.

Robert Del Naja and Davidge eventually conceded that the separate elements of the Lupine Howl sessions did not make for great music and this material is almost entirely discarded in favour of a more cinematic and busily electronic sound.

It was around this point that their label, Melankolic started to dwindle. There were no releases from after 2002 and the company dissolved in 2003. Del Naja later suggested in interviews that it was in part due to the artists "taking the piss" in spending too much money and Daddy G cited Virgin records' lack of infrastructural support as a reason for the downfall.

2001 also saw the release of Eleven Promos, a DVD of all Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far (including Angel, a £100,000+ promo that they initially withdrew from fear of inflaming unhelpful speculation about the relationships in the band at the time, even though it was Daddy G, and not Mushroom who is depicted running away.)^[29]

2002-2005: 100th Window, Danny the Dog and the return of Daddy G

With Daddy G no longer involved in the studio, Davidge and Del Naja steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of a flu-ridden Sinéad O'Connor and perennial favourite Horace Andy, 100th Window was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003.^[30]

More sonically conceptual than the other records and featuring no samples of other artists or cover versions, 100th Window, a reference to a book about internet security used as a metaphor apropos 'no man is an island', was not as well critically received in Britain as the other records. It was described in the press as 'hook-free'. Q magazine brands the soundscaping record 'pompous'. People begin to question whether Del Naja on his own should release records as Massive Attack, and the project was increasingly referred to as 'whiter', 'depleted' and 'embattled'.

Also in 2003, Del Naja was arrested on child porn allegations, which were reported very widely in all media outlets, thanks to the UK police and The Sun newspaper.^[31] The allegations resulted from his having entered his credit card details into a website in 1999 that was connected to other material which he did not view. Del Naja was soon eliminated as a suspect^[32] (although he was charged with Ecstasy possession and unable to get a US visa for awhile) and Daddy G and fans offer support. The arrest affected the beginning of the 100th Window tour schedule.

The tour did not include the United States and was very elaborate in terms of its light show, collaborating again with UVA (United Visual Artists).

Despite the difficulties of 2003, 100th Window sold over a million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol - a one-off free concert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a homecoming).^[33] Daddy G was fully involved as a member of the tour. It was rumoured that the tour of 2003 was so expensive, it sent Massive Attack into the red, with the group unable to fully pay the roadies at the time. A less ambitious tour took place in 2004.

Afterwards, Del Naja and Davidge agreed to an offer from director Louis Leterrier, to score the entire soundtrack for Danny The Dog, starring Jet Li. It was off the back of this lucrative job that they would have the funding to buy their own '100 Suns' studio. Dot Allison, who had sung with the band on the 100th Window tour, sang the end titles track, "Aftersun". Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the more critically well-received Bullet Boy film, with Del Naja on the end titles.

In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, Del Naja and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for UNKLE's War Stories album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually-obliged, Best Of, "Collected" in 2006. To make things more interesting they released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches.^[30]

2006-present: Collected, Meltdown and "LP5"

Massive Attack toured their greatest hits record, including North America for the first time in nearly eight years. It sold well and was critically well-received for the most part. The artwork is an echo of the concept of Mezzanine, depicting four wreath-looking flowers as if they were made out of weapons. The justification given for the "Best Of" was that the record buys the band more time with the record company to develop "LP5" in the way that they want, i.e. to hold off on releasing it for six years.^[10]

In 2007, Del Naja and Davidge scored three soundtracks, In Prison My Whole Life (which featured a track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper Snoop Dogg), Battle In Seattle and Trouble the Water (which received an Oscar nomination for the music). All of this soundtrack work was either credited as Neil Davidge and Robert Del Naja or under the guise of 100 Suns, in a concerted effort to differentiate the soundtrack/film scoring work from the brand name of Massive Attack.

It became apparent in 2007, through the band's MySpace, that they were working with Stephanie Dosen and she later became part of the touring line-up, Elizabeth Fraser having returned to the live repertoire initially.

In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for Palestinian children, cementing their reputation as one of Britain's most obviously political bands. A year afterwards, in 2008, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank Meltdown, a week long event encompassing numerous bands Massive Attack like and relate to. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive back into action, having spent several years drifting towards the completion of their fifth studio album.^[34] Later on the same year, the band picked up a Q award for Innovation.

Later that year, Del Naja and Daddy G headed to Damon Albarn's studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a Paul McGuigan movie, Push and in December, Del Naja completed the score for 44 Inch Chest with The Insects and Angelo Badalamenti.

Davidge and Del Naja then got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to concertedly finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of the Albarn material. It has been widely suggested that "LP5" (formerly known as Weather Underground) will be released in September 2009 (even as specifically as 22 September 2009 on the official forum). Although Massive Attack have claimed the album will be released in 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008, it could be projected that a 2009 release fits exactly the 'one year slower' pattern of the previous studio LP releases (with "Collected"'s release date almost exactly halfway between that of 100th Window and "LP5"'s ETA).

Later it was announced that the band are to headline the 2009 Bestival festival and soon after that they are to tour the UK^[35] and Europe,^[36] which has led to speculation that "LP5" is imminent, along with two strange and typically caps-locked blog entries by 3D on the official site, one being entitled "SUMMER OF SUBMISSION".^[37]

In May, Robert Del Naja's instrumental 'Herculaneum', featured in the movie Gomorra, won the Italian version of the Oscar for Best Song.

Later that month, Del Naja and Marshall picked up a special Ivor Novello award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. ^[38]

It was announced that, on May 29, Jonny Dollar, aged 45, lost his battle against cancer, survived by his wife and 4 children. Dollar was the programmer and hands-on producer behind Blue Lines, writing the melody that was the basis for the band's enduring classic Unfinished Sympathy. ^[39]

"LP5" Speculation

Yolanda Quarty of Phantom Limb appearing with Massive Attack at the Eurockéennes Festival 2008.

Stephanie Dosen with Massive Attack live on Domplatte {Cathedral Square} Cologne, 2008.

The next album was addressed by D in a recent interview (at the Ivor Novello awards), where he mooted a release date of October 2009 for "LP5".^[40]

However, it appears only a single and free tracks will be released this year and "LP5"'s release date is to be put back yet again, for a fourth year of delay, now to the Spring 2010 window, to the frustration of some fans.^[41]

The line up of guest vocalists for the next album from Massive Attack (in addition to Horace Andy) are now thought to be:^{[citation needed]}

Tunde Adebimpe of TV On The Radio, Damon Albarn (co-writer), Guy Garvey of Elbow (co-writer), Martina Topley-Bird and Hope Sandoval^[42]

The other vocalists who have recorded sessions but are thought not to have made the cut are:^{[citation needed]}

Jhelisa Anderson (also recorded unreleased material in 2002), Stephanie Dosen, Yolanda Quarty of Phantom Limb, Elizabeth Fraser, Mike Patton, Aku and Akwetey Orraca-Tetteh of Dragons of Zynth, Dot Allison, Debbie Clare, Fredo Viola and Beth Orton

Some websites refer to Sia having worked with Massive in the past. Also, a number of pictures of influential Bristolian musician, Mark Stewart, appearing to be in 100 Suns studio, have been posted on the blog of the official website. Stewart announced in April 2009 that he would be collaborating with Massive Attack, but it is not thought that he has contributing vocally to "LP5".^[43]

Media Usage

Massive Attack have developed a reputation over their career for creating soundscapes which lend themselves to visual media. Their music is well known for being featured in many different forms of media, such as film and TV. The following are some select examples of media in which Massive Attack have featured on the soundtrack:

In Films/TV

Angel - Firewall, Stay, Flight Of The Phoenix, Antitrust, Snatch, Go, Best Laid Plans, Pi, The West Wing (Episode: Commencement), Le Femme Nikita (Episode: Off Profile), Smallville (Episode: Rogue), Prison Break (Episode: On the Run) Watchmen (film) (Promos and Trailers), True Blood (Season Two promo), Third Watch (Season 1, Episode 2: Anywhere But Here)

Be Thankful For What You've Got - Bounce

Dissolved Girl - The Matrix, the Jackal

Eurochild - Skins

Everywhen - CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Episode: Simple Man)

Future Proof - Smallville (Episode: Asylum), Queer As Folk (USA) (Episode 12 of Season 3)

Herculaneum (as Robert Del Naja) - Gomorra

Home Of The Whale - Eye Of The Beholder

Hymn Of The Big Wheel - The Fan

I Against I - Blade 2

I Am Home - CSI: Miami (Episode: Recoil)

Inertia Creeps - Taking Lives, Stigmata, Numb3rs (Episode: Pilot)

Inflight Data (as 3D) - The Uranus Experiment (1999)

Karmacoma - 187 , Sleeper Cell (Episode: Intramural)

Name Taken - CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Episode: Butterflied)

One Love - Under The Skin (1997)

P Is For Piano - Miami Vice

Protection - Hackers, Sabrina

Risingson - Abre Los Ojos

Safe From Harm - The Insider, Definitely, Maybe

Simple Rules - CSI: Miami (Episode: Recoil)

Small Time Shot Away - CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Episode: Eleven Angry Men)

Spying Glass - 187

Superpredators - The Jackal

Teardrop - House (TV series) (US Version's Main Theme'), Prison Break (Episode: Tonight), Cold Case (Episode: Sanctuary), Charmed (Episode: Which Prue Is It, Anyway?), Occupation (Episode 1)

Three - City Of Industry

Unfinished Sympathy - Sliver

Wire - Welcome To Sarajevo

Previous Guest Vocalists

Blue Lines

• Shara Nelson [Safe From Harm, Unfinished Sympathy, Daydreaming, Lately]
• Horace Andy [One Love, Five Man Army, Hymn of the Big Wheel]
• Tricky [Blue Lines, Five Man Army, Daydreaming]
• Tony Bryan [Be Thankful For What You've Got]
• Claude Williams [Five Man Army]
• Neneh Cherry [backing vocals on Hymn of the Big Wheel]

Protection

• Tracey Thorn [Protection, Better Things]
• Tricky [Karmacoma, Eurochild]
• Nicolette [Three, Sly]
• Horace Andy [Spying Glass, Light My Fire]

Mezzanine

• Horace Andy [Angel, Man Next Door, Exchange]
• Elizabeth Fraser [Teardrop, Black Milk, Group Four]
• Sarah Jay [Dissolved Girl]

100th Window

• Sinéad O'Connor [What Your Soul Sings, Special Cases, A Prayer For England]
• Horace Andy [Everywhen, Name Taken]
• 2D± [backing vocals on Small Time Shot Away]

± Damon Albarn is lightheartedly credited as 2D from Gorillaz and his vocal only features on the song as a barely detectable, synth-like vocoder sound

Other known Massive Attack songs

• Carlton McCarthy (on "Any Love", the original, independently-released single of 1988)
• Tony Bryan (on "Any Love", alternate "Daydreaming" single version)
• Caroline Lavelle (on "Home of the Whale" from the Massive Attack EP)
• Tracey Thorn (on "The Hunter Gets Captured By The Game" from the Batman Forever soundtrack)
• Madonna (on "I Want You" from the Marvin Gaye Tribute album and Collected)
• Sarah Jay (on "Wire" from the end titles of Welcome To Sarajevo and on the original "Dissolved Girl" from movie, "The Jackal", both not to be released)
• David Bowie (on "Nature Boy" from the Moulin Rouge! soundtrack)
• Mos Def (on "I Against I" from the Blade 2 soundtrack and Collected)
• Dot Allison (on "Aftersun" from the end titles of Danny The Dog/Unleashed, not to be released)
• Damon Albarn (sings a discernible backing vocal on "Small Time Shoot 'Em Up" from Collected)
• Elizabeth Fraser (on "Silent Spring" and "Black Melt" from Collected)
• Debbie Clare (on "Joy Luck Club" from Collected)
• Terry Callier (on "Live With Me" from Collected)
• Snoop Dogg (on "Calling Mumia"± from the film In Prison My Whole Life)^[44]

± Sometimes referred to as a song by '100 Suns' [Del Naja/Davidge's alias for certain non-Massive Attack projects]

Remixography

Massive Attack / 3D have remixed the following artists:

Neneh Cherry
Lisa Stansfield
Jesus Loves You
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
Kwanzaa Posse
Les Negresses Vertes
Peter Gabriel
U2
Indo Aminata
Garbage
Manic Street Preachers
Unkle
Primal Scream
A Perfect Circle
The Dandy Warhols
Lupine Howl

Daddy G has remixed the following (solo):

Ini Kamose and Damian Marley
4 Hero

Discography

Studio Albums

• Blue Lines (1991)
• Protection (1994)
• Mezzanine (1998)
• 100th Window (2003)
• "LP5" ^[45] (2010)

Other

• No Protection (1995) (A Remix Album by Mad Professor)
• Singles 90/98 (1998) (An 11 disc Box Set)
• Danny the Dog/Unleashed (2004) (A soundtrack by Robert Del Naja / Neil Davidge ±)
• Collected (2006) (A Best Of Compilation 2xCD & DVD)

± Credited as a Massive Attack album, but not regarded by them as a Massive Attack studio LP

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Massive Attack

• Official Website
• Official Forum

• Massive Attack at Last.fm
• Massive Attack at Rhapsody
• Massive Attack on Facebook
• Massive Attack Collective on MySpace
• massiveattack.ie - foremost Massive Attack fansite
• Red Lines - longest running Massive Attack fansite
• Massive Attack Area - french Massive Attack fansite
• Inflightdata - comprehensive Massive Attack discography site