(Massively Parallel Processing or Massively Parallel Processor) A multiprocessing architecture that uses up to thousands of processors. Some might contend that a computer system with 64 or more CPUs is a massively parallel processor. However, the number of CPUs is not as much the issue as the architecture. MPP systems use a different programming paradigm than the more common symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems used as servers.
In an MPP system, each CPU contains its own memory and copy of the operating system and application. Each subsystem communicates with the others via a high-speed interconnect. In order to use MPP effectively, an information processing problem must be breakable into pieces that can all be solved simultaneously. In scientific environments, certain simulations and mathematical problems can be split apart and each part processed at the same time. In the business world, a parallel data query (PDQ) divides a large database into pieces. For example, 26 CPUs could be used to perform a sequential search, each one searching one letter of the alphabet.
To take advantage of more CPUs in an MPP system means that the specific problem has to be broken down further into more parallel groups. However, adding CPUs in an SMP system increases performance in a more general manner. Applications that support parallel operations (multithreading) immediately take advantage of SMP, but performance gains are available to all applications, simply because there are more processors. For example, four CPUs can be running four different applications. See SMP.
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| In MPP operation, the problem is broken up into separate pieces, which are processed simultaneously. In SMP, CPUs are assigned to the next available task or thread that can run concurrently. |
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| This early Reliant 1000 from Pyramid (later Fujitsu Siemens) was an MPP machine that was combined with SMP systems to provide both kinds of processing. The SMP systems attached to the Reliant's high-speed mesh interconnect, providing an unusual degree of flexibility and scalability. |
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| This is a conceptual diagram of the advanced ServerNet interconnect architecture from Tandem (later acquired by Compaq), which functioned as a high-speed switch between CPUs and I/O subsystems. It was used for both MPP applications and clusters of SMP systems. The purple and orange units are the processors and disks. The green pipes are the ServerNet mesh. |
