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Master of the Rolls

 
British History: master of the rolls
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One of the senior judges whose responsibilities include preserving the records of Chancery and who was custodian of the Public Records until 1958, when they were transferred to the lord chancellor. He also serves as president of the civil division of the Court of Appeal.

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Law of England and Wales

This article is part of the series:
Courts of England and Wales

The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the third most senior judge in England and Wales, after the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Lord Chief Justice. The Master of the Rolls is the presiding officer of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal. The first record of a Master of the Rolls is from 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that.[1]

The Master of the Rolls was initially a clerk responsible for keeping the "Rolls", or records, of the Chancery court, and was known as the Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery.[2] The Keeper was the most senior of the dozen Chancery clerks, and as such occasionally acted as keeper of the Great Seal of the Realm.[3] The post evolved into a judicial one as the Court of Chancery did; the first reference to judicial duties dates from 1520.[4] With the Judicature Act 1873, the Master transferred from the now-defunct Court of Chancery to the Court of Appeal.[5] The Master still retained his clerical functions by serving as the nominal head of the Public Record Office (PRO) up until 1958. However, the Public Records Act of that year transferred responsibility for the PRO from the Master of the Rolls to the Lord Chancellor. The Master of the Rolls is also responsible for registering solicitors, the officers of the Senior Courts.[6]

The present Master of the Rolls is Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, who succeeded Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony on 1 October 2009, when Lord Clarke became the first directly appointed member of the newly created Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

Masters

A Tudor man in a large coat and hat, possibly of fur, sitting at a desk.
Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII
An elderly gentleman dressed in a black coat and hat, with a white ruff around his neck. He has a pointed, grey beard, and is holding a red bag with a coat of arms on it.
Thomas Egerton, who served as Lord Keeper and Lord Chancellor for 21 years
A middle-aged, slightly overweight man. He has long, curled hair, possibly a wig, and a heavy, decorated robe.
John Trevor, the last Speaker of the British House of Commons to resign in over 400 years until the resignation of Michael Martin in 2009
A man sitting relaxed and facing the right. He is in full judicial dress, with a wig, suit and heavy robe.
Nathaniel Lindley, who made key judgments in a variety of important cases and was the last Serjeant-at-Law appointed, the last to sit as a judge and the last surviving.
An elderly gentleman walking along. He is wearing a suit with grey trousers, over which is draped a heavy robe and a gold change. A black hat with a large white plume sits on his head. In the background stands a police woman separated from a group of people by a white cordon.
Thomas Bingham, who helped establish the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
No. Name Period Other positions Notes
1 Langton, JohnJohn Langton 2 September 1286 – 1 October 1295 Lord Chancellor 1292–1302, 1307–1310 [7][8]
2 Osgodby, AdamAdam Osgodby 1 October 1295 – 19 August 1316
—
 [7]
3 Airmyn, WilliamWilliam Airmyn 19 August 1316 – 26 May 1324
—
 [7]
4 Airmyn, RichardRichard Airmyn 26 May 1324 – 4 July 1325
—
 [7]
5 Cliffe, HenryHenry Cliffe 4 July 1325 – 20 January 1334
—
 [7]
6 Wrath, MichaelMichael Wrath 20 January 1334 – 28 April 1337
—
 [7]
7 St Paul, JohnJohn St Paul 28 April 1337 – 10 January 1341
—
 [9]
8 Evesham, ThomasThomas Evesham 10 January 1341 – 21 February 1341
—
 [9]
9 Thoresby, JohnJohn Thoresby 21 February 1341 – 2 July 1346
—
 [9]
10 Wollore, DavidDavid Wollore 2 July 1346 – 28 March 1371
—
 [9]
11 Burstall, WilliamWilliam Burstall 28 March 1371 – 8 September 1381
—
 [9]
12 Waltham, JohnJohn Waltham 8 September 1381 – 24 October 1386 Lord Privy Seal 1386–1389, Lord Chancellor 1349–1356 [9][10]
13 Burton, JohnJohn Burton 24 October 1386 – 22 July 1394
—
 [9]
14 Scarle, JohnJohn Scarle 22 July 1394 – 11 September 1397 Lord Chancellor 1399–1401 [9][11]
15 Stanley, ThomasThomas Stanley 11 September 1397 – 24 September 1402
—
 [9]
16 Bubwith, NicholasNicholas Bubwith 24 September 1402 – 2 March 1405 Lord Privy Seal 1405–1406, Lord High Treasurer 1407–1408 [12][13]
17 Wakering, JohnJohn Wakering 2 March 1405 – 3 June 1415 Lord Privy Seal 1415–1416 [12][14]
18 Gauntsede, SimonSimon Gauntsede 3 June 1415 – 28 October 1423
—
 [12]
19 Frank, JohnJohn Frank 28 October 1423 – 13 November 1438
—
 [12]
20 Stopyndon, JohnJohn Stopyndon 13 November 1438 – 29 March 1447
—
 [12]
21 Kirkeby, JohnJohn Kirkeby 29 March 1447 – 23 December 1461
—
 [12]
22 Kirkeham, RobertRobert Kirkeham 23 December 1461 – 12 February 1471
—
 [12]
23 Morland, WilliamWilliam Morland 12 February 1471 – 29 April 1471
—
 [12]
24 Alcock, JohnJohn Alcock 29 April 1471 – 16 March 1472 Lord Chancellor 1475, 1485–1487 [12][15]
25 Morton, JohnJohn Morton 16 March 1472 – 9 January 1479 Lord Chancellor 1487–1500, Archbishop of Canterbury 1486–1500 [12][16]
26 Morton, RobertRobert Morton 9 January 1479 – 22 September 1483
—
 [17]
27 Barowe, ThomasThomas Barowe 22 September 1483 – 22 August 1485
—
 [17]
28 Morton, RobertRobert Morton 22 August 1485 – 26 February 1487
—
 [17]
29 William, DavidDavid William 26 February 1487 – 5 May 1492
—
 [17]
30 Blyth, JohnJohn Blyth 5 May 1492 – 13 February 1494
—
 [17]
31 Warham, WilliamWilliam Warham 13 February 1494 – 1 February 1502 Keeper of the Great Seal 1502–1504, Lord Chancellor 1504–1515, Archbishop of Canterbury 1503–1532 [17][18]
32 Barnes, WilliamWilliam Barnes 1 February 1502 – 13 November 1504
—
 [17]
33 Bainbridge, ChristopherChristopher Bainbridge 13 November 1504 – 22 January 1508 Archbishop of York 1508–1514 [17][19]
34 Yonge, JohnJohn Yonge 22 January 1508 – 12 May 1516
—
 [20]
35 Tunstall, CuthbertCuthbert Tunstall 12 May 1516 – 20 October 1522 Lord Privy Seal 1523–1530 [20][21]
36 Clerk, JohnJohn Clerk 20 October 1522 – 9 October 1523
—
 [20]
37 Hannibal, ThomasThomas Hannibal 9 October 1523 – 26 June 1527
—
 [20]
38 Taylor, JohnJohn Taylor 26 June 1527 – 8 October 1534
—
 [20]
39 Cromwell, ThomasThomas Cromwell 8 October 1534 – 10 July 1536 Secretary of State 1533–1536, Lord Privy Seal 1536–1540 [20][22]
40 Hales, ChristopherChristopher Hales 10 July 1536 – 1 July 1541 Solicitor General 1525–1529, Attorney General 1529–1536 [20][23]
41 Southwell, RobertRobert Southwell 1 July 1541 – 13 December 1550
—
 [20]
42 Beaumont, JohnJohn Beaumont 13 December 1550 – 18 June 1552
—
 [20]
43 Bowes, RobertRobert Bowes 18 June 1552 – 18 September 1553
—
 [20]
44 Hare, NicholasNicholas Hare 18 September 1553 – 5 November 1557 Speaker of the House of Commons 1539–1540 [24][25]
45 Cordell, WilliamWilliam Cordell 5 November 1557 – 30 May 1581 Solicitor General 1553–1557, Speaker of the House of Commons 1558 [24][26]
46 Gerard, GilbertGilbert Gerard 30 May 1581 – 10 April 1594 Attorney General 1559–1581 [24][27]
47 Egerton, ThomasThomas Egerton 10 April 1594 – 18 May 1603 Solicitor General 1581–1592, Attorney General 1592–1594, Lord Chancellor 1596–1617, First Lord of the Treasury 1613–1614 [24][28]
48 Bruce, EdwardEdward Bruce 18 May 1603 – 14 January 1611
—
 [24]
49 Phelips, EdwardEdward Phelips 14 January 1611 – 1 September 1614 Speaker of the House of Commons 1603–1611 [24][29]
50 Caesar, JuliusJulius Caesar 1 September 1614 – 18 April 1636 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1606–1614 [24]
51 Digges, DudleyDudley Digges 18 April 1636 – 30 March 1639
—
 [24]
52 Caesar, CharlesCharles Caesar 30 March 1639 – 28 January 1643
—
 [24]
53 Colepeper, JohnJohn Colepeper (royalist) 28 January 1643 – 3 November 1660 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1642–1643 [24][30]
54 Lenthall, WilliamWilliam Lenthall (parliamentary) 10 November 1643 – 14 May 1659 Speaker of the House of Commons 1640–1647, 1647–1653, 1654–1655, 1659–1660 [31][32]
55 Grimston, HarbottleHarbottle Grimston 3 November 1660 – 12 January 1685 Speaker of the House of Commons 1660 [31][33]
56 Churchill, JohnJohn Churchill 12 January 1685 – 20 October 1685
—
 [31]
57 Trevor, JohnJohn Trevor 20 October 1685 – 13 March 1689
—
 [31]
58 Powle, HenryHenry Powle 13 March 1689 – 13 January 1693 Speaker of the House of Commons 1689 [31][34]
59 Trevor, JohnJohn Trevor 13 January 1693 – 13 July 1717 Speaker of the House of Commons 1685–1689, 1693–1717 [31][35]
60 Jekyll, JosephJoseph Jekyll 13 July 1717 – 9 October 1738
—
 [31]
61 Verney, JohnJohn Verney 9 October 1738 – 5 November 1741
—
 [31]
62 Fortescue, WilliamWilliam Fortescue 5 November 1741 – 15 January 1750
—
 [31]
63 Strange, JohnJohn Strange 16 January 1750 – 18 May 1754 Solicitor General 1737–1742 [31][36]
64 Clarke, ThomasThomas Clarke 25 May 1754 – 13 November 1764
—
 [37]
65 Sewell, ThomasThomas Sewell 4 December 1764 – 30 March 1784
—
 [37]
66 Kenyon, LloydLloyd Kenyon 30 March 1784 – 4 June 1788 Attorney General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Lord Chief Justice 1788–1802 [37][38]
67 Arden, RichardRichard Arden 4 June 1788 – 27 May 1801 Solicitor General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Attorney General 1784–1788, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1801–1804 [37][39]
68 Grant, WilliamWilliam Grant 1801 – 1817 Solicitor General 1799–1801 [37][40]
69 Plumer, ThomasThomas Plumer 6 January 1818 – 5 April 1824 Solicitor General 1807–1812, Attorney General 1812–1813 [37][41]
70 Gifford, RobertRobert Gifford 5 April 1824 – 14 September 1826 Solicitor General 1817–1819, Attorney General 1819–1824, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1824 [37][42]
71 Copley, JohnJohn Copley 14 September 1826 – 3 May 1827 Solicitor General 1819–1824, Attorney General 1824–1826, Lord Chancellor 1827–1830, 1834–1835, 1841–1846 [37][43]
72 Leach, JohnJohn Leach 3 May 1827 – 29 September 1834 Vice Chancellor of England 1818–1827 [37][44]
73 Pepys, CharlesCharles Pepys 29 September 1834 – 16 January 1836 Solicitor General 1834, Lord Chancellor 1836–1841, 1846–1850 [37][45]
74 Bickersteth, HenryHenry Bickersteth 16 January 1836 – 28 March 1851
—
 [46]
75 Romilly, JohnJohn Romilly 28 March 1851 – 30 August 1873 Solicitor General 1848, Attorney General 1850 [46]
76 Jessel, GeorgeGeorge Jessel 30 August 1873 – 21 March 1883 Solicitor General 1871–1873 [46][47]
77 Brett, WilliamWilliam Brett 3 April 1883 – 19 October 1897 Solicitor General 1868 [46][48]
78 Lindley, NathanielNathaniel Lindley 19 October 1897 – 9 May 1900
—
 [46][49]
79 Webster, RichardRichard Webster 9 May 1900 – 24 October 1900 Lord Chief Justice 1900–1913 [46][50]
80 Smith, ArchibaldArchibald Smith 24 October 1900 – 24 October 1901
—
 [46]
81 Collins, RichardRichard Collins 24 October 1901 – 6 March 1907
—
 [46]
82 Cozens-Hardy, HerbertHerbert Cozens-Hardy 6 March 1907 – 3 May 1918
—
 [46]
83 Eady, CharlesCharles Eady 3 May 1918 – 3 November 1919
—
 [46]
84 Pickford, WilliamWilliam Pickford 3 November 1919 – 16 August 1923 President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division 1918–1919 [51][52]
85 Pollock, ErnestErnest Pollock 11 October 1923 – 7 October 1935 Solicitor General 1919–1922, Attorney General 1922 [51][53]
86 Wright, RobertRobert Wright 7 October 1935 – 26 April 1937
—
 [51]
87 Greene, WilfredWilfred Greene 26 April 1937 – 1 June 1949
—
 [51]
88 Evershed, RaymondRaymond Evershed 1 June 1949 – 19 April 1962
—
 [51]
89 Denning, AlfredAlfred Denning 19 April 1962 – 30 July 1982
—
 [51]
90 Donaldson, JohnJohn Donaldson 30 July 1982 – 1 October 1992
—
 [51]
91 Bingham, ThomasThomas Bingham 1 October 1992 – 4 June 1996 Lord Chief Justice 1996–2000 [54]
92 Woolf, HarryHarry Woolf 4 June 1996 – 6 June 2000 Lord Chief Justice 2000–2005 [55]
93 Phillips, NicholasNicholas Phillips 6 June 2000 – 3 October 2005 Lord Chief Justice 2005–2008, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2009–present [56]
94 Clarke, AnthonyAnthony Clarke 3 October 2005 – 30 September 2009 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2009–present [57]
95 Neuberger, DavidDavid Neuberger 1 October 2009 –
—
 [58]

References

  1. ^ Sainty (1993) p. 144
  2. ^ Hanworth (1935) p. 310
  3. ^ Hanworth (1935) p. 316
  4. ^ Hanworth (1935) p. 327
  5. ^ "Oxford DNB theme:Masters of the Rolls". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/92826. Retrieved 13 October 2008. 
  6. ^ "Judicial Profiles - Master of the Rolls". Judiciary of England and Wales. http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/about_judiciary/roles_types_jurisdiction/judicial_profiles/heads_of_division/master_rolls.htm. Retrieved 3 June 2009. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f Sainty (1993) p. 145
  8. ^ "Oxford DNB: Langton, John (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/16040?&docPos=1&backToResults=list=yes. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Sainty (1993) p. 146
  10. ^ "Oxford DNB: Waltham, John (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/28645?&docPos=9&backToResults=list=yes. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 
  11. ^ "Oxford DNB: Scarle, John(subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/24782. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 147
  13. ^ "Oxford DNB: Bubwith, Nicholas (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/37238. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 
  14. ^ "Oxford DNB: Wakering, John (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/28424. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 
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  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Sainty (1993) p. 148
  18. ^ "Oxford DNB: Warham, William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/28741?&docPos=19&backToResults=list=yes. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 
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  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 149
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  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 150
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  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 151
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  34. ^ "Oxford DNB: Powle, Henry (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. 2004. http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/22674?&docPos=47&backToResults=list=yes. Retrieved 2009-11-20. 
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  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 152
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  54. ^ "Lord Bingham of Cornhill". The Times. 21 April 2008. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article3757961.ece. Retrieved 3 June 2009. 
  55. ^ "The liberal arm ofthe [sic] law". The Independent. 20 June 2000. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/the-liberal-arm-ofthe-law-706664.html. Retrieved 3 June 2009. 
  56. ^ "Lord Phillips: 'We don't need fancy dress'". The Independent. 18 June 2002. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lord-phillips-we-dont-need-fancy-dress-645734.html. Retrieved 3 June 2009. 
  57. ^ "Sir Anthony Clarke". The Times. 21 April 2008. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article3756890.ece. Retrieved 3 June 2009. 
  58. ^ "Lord Neuberger". The Times. 23 July 2009. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article6724777.ece. Retrieved 8 September 2009. 

Bibliography


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