An island of the eastern Comoros in the Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean. It remained a French territory after the other islands declared their independence in 1975.
Dictionary:
Ma·yotte (mä-yôt') ![]() |
An island of the eastern Comoros in the Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean. It remained a French territory after the other islands declared their independence in 1975.
| 5min Related Video: Mayotte |
| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Mayotte |
For more information on Mayotte, visit Britannica.com.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Mayotte |
| Dialing Code: Mayotte Island |
The international dialing code for Mayotte Island is: 269
| Local Time: Mayotte |
| Statistics: Mayotte |
| Background: | Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other islands of the Comoros group in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in 1974 to retain its link with France and forego independence. |

| Location: | Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about half way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique |
| Geographic coordinates: | 12 50 S, 45 10 E |
| Map references: | Africa |
| Area: | total: 374 sq km land: 374 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative: | slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC |
| Land boundaries: | 0 km |
| Coastline: | 185.2 km |
| Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate: | tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) |
| Terrain: | generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Benara 660 m |
| Natural resources: | NEGL |
| Land use: | arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA% |
| Irrigated land: | NA |
| Natural hazards: | cyclones during rainy season |
| Environment - current issues: | NA |
| Geography - note: | part of Comoro Archipelago (18 islands) |
| Population: | 223,765 (July 2009 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 45.3% (male 50,985/female 50,413) 15-64 years: 52.9% (male 63,395/female 54,882) 65 years and over: 1.8% (male 2,085/female 2,005) (2009 est.) |
| Median age: | total: 17.2 years male: 18.1 years female: 16.4 years (2009 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 3.317% (2009 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 39.26 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) |
| Death rate: | 7.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | 1.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | total: 56.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 61.89 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 62.91 years male: 60.65 years female: 65.24 years (2009 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 5.5 children born/woman (2009 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA |
| Nationality: | noun: Mahorais (singular and plural) adjective: Mahoran |
| Ethnic groups: | NA |
| Religions: | Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) 3% |
| Languages: | Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population |
| Literacy: | NA |
| Education expenditures: | NA |
| Country name: | conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte conventional short form: Mayotte |
| Dependency status: | departmental collectivity of France |
| Government type: | NA |
| Capital: | name: Mamoudzou geographic coordinates: 12 46 S, 45 13 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Administrative divisions: | none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) |
| Independence: | none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) |
| National holiday: | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) |
| Constitution: | 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) |
| Legal system: | the laws of France, where applicable, apply |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Denis ROBIN (since 28 July 2008) head of government: President of the General Council Ahmed Attoumani DOUCHINA (since March 2008) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a six-year term; next election to be held in 2010 |
| Legislative branch: | unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 9 and 16 March 2008 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 8, Diverse Right 4, independents 4, Citizens and Republic Movement 1, Democratic Movement 1, Diverse Left 1; note - political parties are the same as parties in France note: Mayotte elects two members of the French Senate; elections last held 21 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UC-UDF 1, UMP 1; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 10-17 June 2007 (next to be held in 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 1 |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel |
| Political parties and leaders: | Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or UMP-RPR [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the Alliance for Democracy or FRAP; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [Omar SIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch of French Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | InOC, UPU, WFTU |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) |
| Flag description: | unofficial, local flag with the coat of arms of Mayotte centered on a white field, above which the name of the island appears in red capital letters; the main elements of the coat of arms, flanked on either side by a seahorse, appear above a scroll with the motto RA HACHIRI (We are Vigilant); the only official flag is the national flag of France |
| Economy - overview: | Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance, an important supplement to GDP. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): | $953.6 million (2005 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate): | $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate: | NA% |
| GDP - per capita (PPP): | $4,900 (2005 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| Labor force: | 44,560 (2002) |
| Unemployment rate: | 25.4% (2005) |
| Population below poverty line: | NA% |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Budget: | revenues: $420 million expenditures: $394 million (2005) |
| Fiscal year: | calendar year |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 1.7% (2005) |
| Market value of publicly traded shares: | $NA |
| Agriculture - products: | vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra, fish, livestock |
| Industries: | newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction |
| Industrial production growth rate: | NA% |
| Electricity - production: | NA kWh |
| Electricity - consumption: | 139.2 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - production by source: | fossil fuel: 0% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% |
| Exports: | $6.5 million f.o.b. (2005) |
| Exports - commodities: | ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon |
| Imports: | $341 million f.o.b.; note - excludes petroleum imports (2005) |
| Imports - commodities: | food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals |
| Debt - external: | $NA |
| Currency (code): | euro (EUR) |
| Currency code: | EUR |
| Exchange rates: | euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6734 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004) |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 10,000 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 48,100 (2005) |
| Telephone system: | general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications domestic: NA international: country code - 262; microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2001) |
| Radios: | NA |
| Television broadcast stations: | 3 (2001) |
| Televisions: | 3,500 (1994) |
| Internet country code: | .yt |
| Internet hosts: | 1 (2008) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | NA |
| Internet users: | NA |
| Airports: | 1 (2008) |
| Airports - with paved runways: | total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2008) |
| Ports and terminals: | Dzaoudzi |
| Manpower fit for military service: | males age 16-49: 35,849 females age 16-49: 34,456 (2009 est.) |
| Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: | male: 2,517 female: 2,511 (2009 est.) |
| Military - note: | defense is the responsibility of France; a small contingent of French forces is stationed on the island |
| Disputes - international: | claimed by Comoros |
| Wikipedia: Mayotte |
| Departmental Collectivity of Mayotte
Collectivité départementale de Mayotte
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
| Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" |
||||||
| Anthem: La Marseillaise |
||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Mamoudzou (prefecture) | |||||
| Official languages | French | |||||
| Vernacular languages | Shimaore (Swahili), Malagasy | |||||
| Ethnic groups | 92.3% Comorian (Bantu, Arab, Malagasy), 3.2% other Swahili, 1.8% other French, 1% Makua, 1.7% other[1] | |||||
| Demonym | Mahoran | |||||
| Government | overseas collectivity of France | |||||
| - | President of France | Nicolas Sarkozy | ||||
| - | President of the General Council | Ahmed Attoumani Douchina | ||||
| - | Prefect | Abdoulatifou Aly (acting) | ||||
| Independence | overseas collectivity of France | |||||
| - | Voted to remain a territory of France | 1974 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 374 km2 (~185th) 144 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 0.4 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2009 estimate | 194,000[2] | ||||
| - | 2007 census | 186,452[3] (179th) | ||||
| - | Density | 518.7/km2 (~11th) 1,347.2/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2003 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $466.8 million (208th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $2,600 (2003 est.) (129th) | ||||
| HDI (2003) | n/a (unranked) (unranked) | |||||
| Currency | Euro (EUR) |
|||||
| Time zone | (UTC+3) | |||||
| Internet TLD | .yt | |||||
| Calling code | 262 | |||||
Mayotte (French: Mayotte, pronounced: [majɔt]; Shimaore (Swahili dialect): Maore, [maˈore]; Malagasy: Mahori), officially the Departmental Collectivity of Mayotte (French: Collectivité départementale de Mayotte), is an overseas collectivity of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets around these two.
Mayotte is very densely populated. It is in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. The territory is geographically part of the Comoro Islands, but has been politically separate since the 1970s. The territory is also known as Mahoré, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Union of Comoros.
Contents |
The main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), geologically the oldest of the Comoros, is 39 kilometres (24 mi) long and 22 kilometres (13½ mi) wide, and its highest point is Mount Benara (French: Mont Bénara; Shimaore: Mlima Bénara) at 660 metres (2,165 ft) above sea level. Because of the volcanic rock, the soil is relatively rich in some areas. A coral reef encircling much of the island ensures protection for ships and a habitat for fish.
Dzaoudzi was the capital of Mayotte until 1977. It is situated on Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), which at 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) is the largest of several islets adjacent to Mahoré. Mayotte is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, with a separate membership rather than as part of the Comoros.
In 1500 the Maore or Mawuti (contraction of the Arabic جزيرة الموت Jazīrat al-Mawt (meaning island of the dead / of death and corrupted to Mayotte in French) sultanate was established on the island.
In 1503, Mayotte was observed by Portuguese explorers, but not colonized.
In 1832, it was conquered by Andriantsoly, former king of Iboina on Madagascar; in 1833 conquered by the neighbouring sultanate of Mwali (Mohéli island in French); on 19 November 1835 again conquered by the Ndzuwani Sultanate (Anjouan sultanate in French; a governor was installed with the unusual Islamic style of Qadi (from the Arabic قاض which means judge), sort of a 'Resident Magistrate' in British terms), but in 1836 regained its independence under a last local Sultan.
Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other Comoros in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in referendums in 1974 and 1976 to retain its link with France and forgo independence (with 63.8% and 99.4% of votes respectively). The Comoros continue to claim the island, and a draft 1976 United Nations Security Council resolution supported by 11 of the 15 members of the Council would have recognized Comororian sovereignty over Mayotte, but France vetoed the resolution (the last time, as of 2009[update], that France cast a lone veto[citation needed] in the Council). The United Nations General Assembly has adopted a series of resolutions on the issues, whose tenor can be gauged from their title: "Question of the Comorian Island of Mayotte" up to 1995. Since 1995, the subject of Mayotte has not been discussed by the General Assembly.
A referendum on becoming an overseas department of France in 2011 was held on 29 March 2009.[4] The outcome was a 95.5 per cent vote in favour of changing the island's status from a French "overseas community" to become France's 101st département.[5] It will then get the same healthcare and welfare system as France but will also pay more taxes. The non official traditional Islamic law that is still applied in some aspects of the day to day life of some people will be progressively abolished and be completely replaced by the already existing uniform French civil code.[6]
| Mayotte |
This article is part of the series: |
|
|
|
Other countries · Atlas Politics portal |
Politics of Mayotte takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas community, whereby the President of the General Council is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Mayotte also sends one deputy to the French National Assembly and two senators to the French Senate.
The situation of Mayotte proved to be unwieldy for France: while the local population very largely did not want to be independent from France and join the Comoros, some international criticism from post-colonial leftist regimes was heard about Mayotte's ongoing ties to France. Furthermore, the peculiar local administration of Mayotte, largely ruled by customary Muslim law, would be difficult to integrate into the legal structures of France, not to mention the costs of bringing the standards of living to levels close to those of metropolitan France. For these reasons, the laws passed by the national parliament had to state specifically that they applied to Mayotte for them to be applicable on Mayotte.
The status of Mayotte was changed in 2001 towards one very close to the status of the departments of mainland France, with the particular designation of departmental community, although the island is still claimed by the Comoros. This change was approved by 73% of voters in a referendum. After the constitutional reform of 2003 it became an overseas community while retaining the title departmental community of Mayotte.
After the local referendum that occurred in March 2009 and that massively approved a constitutional reform with about 95% of voters, Mayotte will become a new overseas departement (or DOM, département d'outre-mer), further increasing its links with the legal and social system used in La Réunion and in the metropole. This will require abandoning some customary laws, adopting the standard French civil code, and reforming the judiciary, educational, social and fiscal systems, over a period of about 20 years. In addition, the department will become fully eligible to fundings from the European Union (to which it will be fully integrated) like the four other French DOMs.
Mayotte is divided into 17 communes. There are also 19 cantons (not shown here) each of which corresponds to one of the communes, except for the commune of Mamoudzou which is divided into three cantons. There are no arrondissements.
The official currency of Mayotte is the euro.[7]
INSEE estimated that the total GDP of Mayotte amounted to 610 million euros in 2001 (US$547 million at 2001 exchanges rates; US$903 million at Jan. 2008 exchange rates).[8] In that same year the GDP per capita of Mayotte was 3,960 euros (US$3,550 at 2001 exchanges rates; US$5,859 at Jan. 2008 exchange rates),[8] which was 9 times higher than the GDP per capita of the Comoros that year, but only a third of the GDP per capita of Réunion and 16% of the GDP per capita of Metropolitan France.[8]
As of the July 2007 census there were 186,452 people living in Mayotte.[3] According to the 2002 census, 64.7% of the people living in Mayotte were born in Mayotte, 3.9% were born in the rest of the French Republic (either metropolitan France or overseas France except Mayotte), 28.1% were immigrants from the Comoros, 2.8% were immigrants from Madagascar, and the remaining 0.5% came from other countries.[9]
| 1958 | 1966 | 1978 | 1985 | 1991 | 1997 | 2002 | 2007 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23,364 | 32,607 | 47,246 | 67,205 | 94,410 | 131,320 | 160,265 | 186,452 | |||||
| Official figures from past censuses. | ||||||||||||
The main religion in Mayotte is Islam.[10]
| This section may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations that do not verify the text. Please help improve this article by checking for inaccuracies. (help, talk, get involved!) (March 2009) |
A survey was conducted by the French Ministry of National Education in 2006 among pupils registered in CM2 (equivalent to fifth grade in the US and Year 6 in England and Wales). Questions were asked regarding the languages spoken by the pupils as well as the languages spoken by their parents. According to the survey, the ranking of mother tongues is the following (ranked by number of first language speakers in the total population; note that percentages add up to more than 100% because some people are natively bilingual):[11]
However, when also counting second language speakers (e.g. someone whose mother tongue is Shimaore but who also speaks French as a second language) then the ranking becomes:
The native languages of Mayotte are:
Kibushi is spoken in the south and north-west of Mayotte, while Shimaore is spoken elsewhere.
French is the only official language of Mayotte. It is the language used by the administrations and the school system. It is the language most used on television and radio as well as in commercial announcements and billboards. In spite of this, Mayotte is one of the French overseas territories where the knowledge of French is the least developed, as shown by the figures above. At the 2002 census, only 55% of people older than 15 y/o declared they could read and write French, although this figure is higher than those who can read and write Shimaore (41%) or Arabic (33%).
With the mandatory schooling of children and the economic development both implemented by the French central state, the French language has progressed significantly on Mayotte in recent years. The survey conducted by the Ministry of National Education showed that while first and second language speakers of French represented 56.9% of the population in general, this figure was only 37.7% for the parents of CM2 pupils, but reached 97.0% for the CM2 pupils themselves (whose age is between 10 and 14 in general).
Already there are instances of families speaking only French to their children in the hope of helping their social advancement. With French schooling and French language television, many young people turn to French or use many French words when speaking Shimaore and Kibushi, leading some to fear that these native languages of Mayotte could either disappear or become some sort of French-based creole.[12]
Various dialects of the Comorian language essentially imported by immigrants who have arrived in Mayotte since 1974: Shindzwani (the dialect of Anjouan, or Nzwani), Shingazidja (the dialect of Grande Comore, or Ngazidja), and Shimwali (the dialect of Mohéli, or Mwali).
Shingazidja and Shimwali on the one hand and Shimaore on the other hand are hardly mutually intelligible. Shindzwani and Shimaore are perfectly mutually intelligible.
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mayotte |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coordinates: 12°50′35″S 45°08′18″E / 12.84306°S 45.13833°E
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
| Translations: Mayotte |
Français (French)
n. - Mayotte
Português (Portuguese)
n. - Mayotte
Español (Spanish)
n. - Mayotte
中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
马约特
中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 馬約特
한국어 (Korean)
마야트 (인도해에 위치한 코모로스 동쪽의 섬)
If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.
To select your translation preferences click here.
| Mamoutzu | |
| Macka-B: Live Tour (2007 Film) | |
| Mayotte (flag) |
| What is the capital of Mayotte? Read answer... | |
| What is the European country administers Mayotte? Read answer... |
| What is the flight duration from Mayotte to Mauritius? | |
| How long is the flight from Thailand to Mayotte? | |
| Can I fly Direct from Dubai to Mayotte? |
Copyrights:
![]() | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more | |
![]() | Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more | |
![]() | Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more | |
![]() | Dialing Code. © 1999-2009 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved. Read more | |
![]() | Local Time. Copyright © 2009 - Chaos Software. All rights reserved. Read more | |
![]() | Statistics. The World Factbook 2009 is prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency. Read more | |
![]() | Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mayotte". Read more | |
![]() | Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. Read more |
Mentioned in