The Melian Dialogue, as described by Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War, highlights the clash between self-interest and justice. The dialogue demonstrates the reality of power dynamics and how alliances and capabilities play a significant role in determining outcomes. It also portrays the struggle between empires seeking dominance and smaller states trying to maintain their sovereignty.

Melian was created in 1977.

Melian Dialogue does represent self interest because when the Athenians gave the Melians the ultimatum, it only served in their interest and not that of a common ground. The destruction of Melos was not humanitarian by any means because they would not surrender and send tribute to Athens.

The Melian Dialogue highlighted the clash between self-interest and morality in international relations. The Athenians prioritized their own self-interest and power over the Melians' pleas for justice, ultimately leading to their conquest. This dialogue serves as a case study illustrating the realpolitik principle that countries often act in their own self-interest, regardless of moral considerations.

The discussion between the Athenians and the Melians over the matter (The Melian Dialogue) happened in 416 BC, however, Melos could have most likely refused the Delian League some time prior to the dialogue.