Michael Graves

For more information on Michael Graves, visit Britannica.com.

(b Indianapolis, IN, 9 July 1934). American architect, teacher, painter and designer. He studied architecture at the University of Cincinnati, OH (1954-8), and Harvard University, New Haven, CT (MA 1959), and was a scholar at the American Academy in Rome (1960-62). He began a long teaching career at Princeton University, NJ, in 1962 and established a private practice in Princeton in 1964. Graves participated in a number of unexecuted projects and competition entries (1963-5) with Peter Eisenman and then built the first of several private houses of the 1960s and 1970s, the Hanselman House (1965), Fort Wayne, IN, based on a pristine white double cube with three layered fa?ades. This was followed by the addition to the Benacerraf House (1969), Princeton, with geometric planes, coloured struts, free-form spatial effects and curves echoing elements of Le Corbusier's rationalist 'white' villas of the 1920s and 1930s. Both were included in the NEW YORK FIVE exhibition at MOMA, New York, in 1969. Colour was increasingly used in Graves's early houses, however, culminating in the Snyderman House (1972), Fort Wayne, a light, open, geometric composition whose elements were all painted different colours following the design logic and referring to the heavily wooded context.

See the Abbreviations for further details.

Michael Graves (born 1934) was a leading American architect and designer, instrumental in the emergence of Post-Modernism in the mid-1970s. His classicizing and colorful buildings are intended to make contemporary architecture more meaningful and accessible,referring to past tradition while also responding to contemporary surroundings.

Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on July 9, 1934, Michael Graves studied architecture at the University of Cincinnati (B. Arch., 1958), at Harvard University (M. Arch., 1959), and, as winner of the Prix de Rome, at the American Academy in Rome (1960-1962). Beginning in 1962, he taught architecture at Princeton University and also maintained a private practice. From here his importance as both teacher and practicing architect steadily increased.

Early in his career Graves was identified as a member of the New York Five, a group of young architects whose largely residential designs were reminiscent of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier in their geometric abstraction. A 1972 book on this group first brought Graves exposure and drew attention to the distinctive characteristics of his work. In his Hanselmann House (Fort Wayne, Indiana, 1967) a complexity of form and yet a transitory quality were created by his layering of exterior spaces. These qualities became more pronounced in his Benacerraf House addition (Princeton, New Jersey, 1969) and in his Snyderman House (Fort Wayne, 1972), as did his organization of interiors into distinct rooms, an approach at odds with the Modern movement's traditional emphasis on openness of plan.

Graves also showed an interest in metaphor which would eventually separate him further from established Modernism. This metaphor was expressed variously in the classical sense of processional entry at the Hanselmann House or the color coding of the Benacerraf addition, suggesting analogies with the natural environment. While still abstract, Graves' Snyderman House has surfaces that are eroded by porches, balconies, and open framing, liberally splashed with soft, bright colors that break emphatically with the whiteness of Modernism. The color, collage-like murals, and almost Cubist spatial effects of his early projects reveal Graves' activity as a painter, as well as an architect.

Modifying the Modern Tradition

By the mid-1970s Michael Graves was moving vigorously away from the Modern tradition and toward an architecture he characterized as "figurative" - that is, related in visual and symbolic ways to human beings. Graves' architecture increasingly used anthropomorphic metaphors, such as the classical three-part division of a wall to suggest the feet, body, and head of a human figure. He distinguished between traditional elements such as wall and window, rejecting the Modern movement's blending of these into "window-wall." Graves began to mix pragmatic aspects of building with a more poetic sensitivity, seeking to re-humanize architecture so users could identify with and relate to it both physically and symbolically. In all of these ways, Graves was part of the emergence of a new style dubbed Post-Modernism.

Although variously defined, Post-Modern architecture is, at its most basic, architecture that is rooted in the Modern movement, yet reacts against basic tenets established by such masters as Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Graves' Post-Modernism is decidedly classicizing. His architecture utilizes forms and concepts that derive from the classical architectural tradition. To his love of the classical, however, Graves added his training in Modernist structure and his awareness of American traditions, developing a personal form of Post-Modern classicism.

More three-dimensional and expressive, Graves' architecture of the mid-1970s included more direct symbolic references, alluding to tradition to re-establish meaning. His design for the Fargo-Moorhead Cultural Center Bridge (North Dakota-Minnesota, 1977) was denser, more massive than his earlier buildings, less brightly colored, and more clearly related to particular sources, like the work of French architect Claude Ledoux. Graves' motifs (columns, pediments, arches, keystones) were fragmented, suggesting a classical past but never recalling any particular monument directly, as in the Plocek House (Warren, New Jersey, 1977).

Post-Modernism Becomes Controversial

Michael Graves' works after 1980 brought him international recognition as a leading figure in Post-Modernism, but not without engendering controversy. With other Post-Modernists, he was accused of extremism for radically departing from Modernism's pragmatic expression of function and materials. Graves, however, found Modernism alienating and created architecture intended to communicate with its surroundings and with the public by referring to architectural tradition. Especially important to him was ornament, rejected by Modernism but seen by Post-Modernists as essential to giving a building meaning. Despite this serious concern with meaning, Graves' Post-Modern buildings are colorful, paradoxical, even witty hybrids of references. A good example of all these qualities is his Portland (Oregon) Public Services Building (1980), the first substantial public project to use the Post-Modern style.

The Portland Building also represents well the controversy surrounding Post-Modernism. Graves' competition-winning project was attacked by local architects of the Modernist camp. The uproar forced a second competition, but Graves' design won again, both for its style and its cost-effectiveness. Differentiated by form, color, and material into three sections, his building suggests a classical organization of base, body, and crown. Graves' design was also highly contextual in complementing in style and scale the adjacent older city buildings and public park. Yet it is distinctive and celebratory; accented with stylized columns and a huge keystone, billowing garlands, and an allegorical statue, the building seeks to symbolize and inspire the city through multiple figurative references.

Other buildings of the 1980s show that Michael Graves took on diverse large and small public and private projects from the Spanish mission style San Juan Capistrano (California) Public Library (1980) to the environmentally sympathetic Liberty State Park Environmental Education Center (Jersey City, New Jersey, 1980). In his 27-story Humana Medical Corporation Headquarters (Louisville, Kentucky, 1982), Graves' fragmented, metaphorical references continued, as did his use of color to enliven surfaces, distinguish components, and relate building, nature, and people. Asserting its own personality, Graves' design was also contextual, healing the breach between small-scale downtown buildings and a tall glass-box skyscraper adjacent. Graves' first major building in New York City was the expansion of the Whitney Museum of American Art. His proposed design continued his vocabulary of distantly classical forms, blocky proportions, and varied colors and stirred up controversy.

Resistance to Specialization

Beginning in the late 1970s, but particularly by the mid-1980s, Graves expanded his range of influence to the design of furniture (initiated when he was hired by Sunar Hauserman furniture to design a furniture showroom), rugs, kitchen products, dinnerware, jewelry, clocks, and watches. Quoted in the The Indianapolis Star in 1994, Graves said, "It's only in recent times that we've drawn the lines, that (we think) an architect only designs buildings."

Graves' most famous small-scale creation was the chirping birdie teakettle produced by Alessi in 1985. He followed that with two different tea kettle designs for Moller International, one that featured the cartoon character, Mickey Mouse. It and a gourmet collection of housewares illustrated the many ties that developed between Graves and The Walt Disney Company. Graves also designed the company's corporate headquarters in Burbank, California, its Swan and Dolphin hotels at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida, Euro Disney's Hotel New York in Marne-La-Vallee, France, and a post office for Disney's planned Community of Celebration, Florida.

A multifaceted and innovative artist and architect, Graves won numerous prizes and awards from such organizations as the American Institute of Architects and such professional journals as Progressive Architecture and Interiors. He also exhibited his drawings and designs nationwide.

Further Reading

A discussion of Graves' early work in relation to that of some of his contemporaries may be found in Five Architects: Eisenman, Graves, Gwathmey, Hejduk, Meier (1972 and 1975). The monograph Michael Graves, edited by David Dunster (1979), surveys Graves' work to that date and incorporates interpretive essays by Alan Colquhoun and Peter Carl. One overview of Graves' work is his own Michael Graves, Buildings and Projects 1966-1981 (1982), which begins with Graves' essay "A Case for Figurative Architecture," presents his work chronologically with numerous drawings and photographs, and includes an interpretive essay by Vincent Scully, "Michael Graves' Allusive Architecture." Two subsequent editions covering Graves' work from 1982-1989 and 1990-1994 have been published. Graves' relationship with Post-Modernism in general is considered in Charles Jencks' Post-Modern Classicism (1980) and The Language of Post-Modern Architecture (4th edition, 1984).

A leading American architect and designer closely associated with Postmodernism, Graves has worked in a wide range of design media including textiles and rugs, furniture and domestic products, murals, and posters. He studied architecture at the University of Cincinnati and Harvard where he gained his Master's degree in 1959. He was subsequently awarded a two-year Fellowship at the American Academy in Rome, where he experienced classical architecture and Mediterranean culture at first hand. On his return to the United States he began lecturing in architecture at Princeton University in 1962, becoming a full professor a decade later and continuing to teach there for almost three decades more. For a while he worked closely with Peter Eisenman on experimental ideas relating to the city and the environment that featured in a number of critically contentious exhibitions in New York. However, he attracted considerable attention with his design of the Public Services Building in Portland, Oregon, of 1980-2, laden with narrative and literary elements completed in 1982. He had been involved with the design of furniture and showrooms for Sunar, an American company, from 1977 onwards, drawing on an eclectic range of sources from Biedermeier to Art Deco, the flat decorative forms of which had also been evident in the Public Services Building despite its strong feeling of contemporaneity. Similarly, although his maple, black ebony, and leather chairs and sofa from the Michael Graves Collection (1984) for Sawaya & Moroni and his Hollywood Plaza dressing table for Memphis all drew loosely on Art Deco for inspiration they also had a distinctly late 20th-century character. Many architects, such as Graves, were at this time increasingly involved with designing small-scale products for the home. Often characterized by a distinctly architectural flavour they were sometimes referred to as ‘micro-architecture’. Architects enjoyed the challenge of designing for an affluent urban clientele who were keen to purchase affordable domestic products by well-known designers whose architectural work was out of their economic reach. Graves undertook a number of such designs for the Italian housewares manufacturing company Alessi, including his six-piece service for the company's Tea & Coffee Piazza series (1983). He also designed the whistling Bird kettle for Alessi (1985) and ceramics for the American firm Swid Powell, including the Big Dripper porcelain coffee pot (1986). He established his practice in Princeton as a young architect in 1964, and by the early 20th century Michael Graves & Associates had grown to 85 employees, with studios devoted to architecture, interiors, and product design. He also established the Graves Design Studio Store in Princeton where consumers could purchase more than 500 objects for the home or office either in person or by mail order or telephone. Graves's best-known buildings include the San Juan Capistrano Public Library (1980-3) in which he drew on the Spanish Missionary style, Humana Building (1982-5) in Louisville, the Swan and the Dolphin Hotels (1989-90) at Disney's World Epcot Center, Florida, and the headquarters for the Ministry of Health and Sport in The Hague, the Netherlands. A Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Graves has received over 150 design awards. He also won the 1999 National Medal of Arts and, in 2001, gained both the Frank Annunzio Award in the Arts and Humanities, and the AIA's Gold Medal.

One of the most controversial US architects. He was identified as one of the New York Five, and first came to prominence with a series of private houses in which themes of Le Corbusier were reworked (e.g. Benacerraf House addition, Princeton, NJ (1969), where reminiscences of De Stijl also occur). From the 1970s his work became classified as Post-Modernist, as his architecture assimilated historical images and quotations. The Public Services Building, Portland, OR. (1980–3), and the Humana Tower, Louisville, KY. (1982–6), are celebrated examples of his work. Other buildings by him include the Environmental Education Center, Liberty State Park, Jersey City, NJ (1981–3), the Graves Residence, Princeton, NJ (1986–93), the Detroit Institute of Arts, MI (1990), the Team Disney Building, Burbank, CA (1985–91—with Snow White dwarfs standing in for atlantes in the Attic storey), the Mega Corporation, Sony Building, Tokyo (1991), and the Federal Court House, Trenton, NJ (1992).

Bibliography

• Buck &Vogt (eds.) (1994)
• Frampton et al.(1975)
• Graves,(1999)
• Kudalis,(1996)
• K.Nichols et al. (eds.), (1990, 1995)
• van Vynckt (ed.) (1993)
• Wheeler et al., (1982)

The full bibliography for this book is available to download as a pdf file.
Download the bibliography for A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (PDF: 1.2MB)

Not to be confused with Michale Graves.

For the poker player, see Michael Graves (poker player).

Humana Building in Louisville, Kentucky

Michael Graves (born July 9, 1934) is an American architect. Identified as one of The New York Five, Graves has become a household name with his designs for domestic products sold at Target stores in the United States.

Graves was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He attended Broad Ripple High School, receiving his diploma in 1950. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati where he also became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, and a master's degree from Harvard University.

An architect in public practice in Princeton, New Jersey, since 1964, Graves is also the Robert Schirmer Professor of Architecture, Emeritus at Princeton University. He directs the firm Michael Graves & Associates, which has offices in Princeton and in New York City. In addition to his popular line of household items, Graves and his firm have earned acclaim for a wide variety of commercial and residential buildings and interior design. Graves was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1979. In 1999 Graves was awarded the National Medal of Arts and in 2001 the Gold Medal from the American Institute of Architects.

In 2003, an infection of unknown origin (possible bacterial meningitis) left Graves paralyzed from the waist down. He is still active in his practice, which is currently involved in a number of projects; including an addition to the Detroit Institute of Arts, and a large Integrated Resort in Singapore.

Important buildings

Portland Public Service Building

The Walt Disney World Dolphin Resort in Orlando, FL

NCAA Hall of Champions building located in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Steigenberger Hotel at El Gouna (near Hurghada, Egypt), created in association with architect Ahmed Hamdy

The International Finance Corporation Building located on Pennsylvania Avenue, NW in Washington, D.C.

• Hanselmann House, Fort Wayne, Indiana, 1968
• Benacerraf House, Princeton, New Jersey, 1969
• Snyderman House, Fort Wayne, Indiana, 1972
• Wageman House, Princeton, New Jersey, 1974
• Fargo-Moorhead Cultural Center Bridge, Fargo, North Dakota, 1977
• Plocek Residence, Warren, New Jersey, 1977
• Roma Interrotta Exhibition, Rome, Italy, 1978
• Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 1982
• Humana Building, Louisville, Kentucky, 1985
• Newark Museum expansion, Newark, New Jersey, 1982
• Portland Public Service Building, Portland, Oregon, 1982
• Riverbend Music Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1984
• San Juan Capistrano Library, San Juan Capistrano, California, 1982
• Aventine Mixed Use Development, La Jolla, California, 1985
• Crown American Building, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, 1986
• Team Disney Building, Burbank, California, 1986
• Graves Residence - The Warehouse, Princeton, New Jersey, 1986
• Shiseido Health Club, Tokyo, Japan, 1986
• Clos Pegase Winery, Calistoga, California, 1987
• University Of Virginia, Bryan Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia, 1987
• Swan Resort, Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida, 1987
• Dolphin Resort, Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida, 1987
• Metropolis Master Plan, Los Angeles, California, 1988
• Tajima Office Building, Tokyo, Japan, 1988
• Hotel New York, Euro Disney Resort, Marne-la-Vallée, France, 1989
• Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor, Youngstown, Ohio, 1990
• Clark County Library And Theater, Las Vegas, Nevada, 1990
• Dairy Barn Renovation, Harbourton, New Jersey, 1990
• Denver Central Library, Denver, Colorado, 1990
• Detroit Institute of Arts Master Plan, Detroit, Michigan, 1990
• Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,1990
• Fukuoka Hyatt Hotel and Office Building, Fukuoka,Japan, 1990
• Institute for Theoretical Physics, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 1990
• Kasumi Research and Training Center, Tsukaba City, Japan, 1990
• OnjuKu Town Hall, OnjuKu, Japan, 1990
• Private Residence - Malibu House, Malibu, California, 1990
• University Of Cincinnati, Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1990
• Richard Stockton College Of New Jersey, Arts And Sciences Building, Pomona, New Jersey, 1991
• Indianapolis Art Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1996
• Thomson Consumer Electronics Americas Headquarters, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1992
• United States Courthouse Renovation, Trenton, New Jersey, 1992
• Rome Reborn Exhibition, Washington, DC, 1993
• Archdiocesan Center, Newark, New Jersey, 1993
• Astrid Park Plaza Hotel and Business Center, Antwerp, Belgium, 1993
• International Finance Corporation Headquarters of the World Bank, Washington, DC, 1993
• Ministry Of Health, Welfare and Sport, The Hague, Holland, 1993
• Nexus Momochi Residential Tower, Fukuoka, Japan, 1993
• National Museum of History, Taitung, Taiwan, 2002
• United States Post Office, Celebration, Florida, 1993
• 1500 Ocean Drive, Miami Beach, Florida, 1994
• Ocean Steps Retail Center with 1500 Ocean Drive, Miami Beach, Florida, 1994
• One Port Center (Delaware River Port Authority headquarters), Camden, New Jersey, 1994
• Pura-Wiilliams House, Manchester by Sea, Massachusetts, 1994
• Miramar Resort Hotel, El Gouna, Egypt, 1995
• Laurel Hall, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 1997
• Topeka and Shawnee County Library, Topeka, Kansas, 1995
• American Academy in Rome Rare Books Library, Rome, Italy, 1996
• Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library, Alexandria, Virginia, 1996
• House At Indian Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1996
• Lake Hills Country Club, Seoul, Korea, 1996
• Miele Americas Headquarters, Princeton, New Jersey, 1996
• O’Reilly Theater, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1996
• De Luwte House, River Vecht, Netherlands, 1997
• Drexel University North Hall Residence, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1997
• El Gouna Golf Club, El Gouna, Egypt, 1997
• El Gouna Golf Hotel, El Gouna, Egypt, 1997
• El Gouna Golf Villas, El Gouna, Egypt, 1997
• Fortis⁄AG Headquarters Brussels, Belgium, 1997
• French Institute⁄Alliance Française Library New York, New York, 1997
• Fukuoka Office Building, Fukuoka, Japan, 1997
• Hyatt Hotel Taba Heights, Taba Heights, Egypt, 1997
• Intercontinental Hotel, Taba Heights, Egypt, 1997
• NCAA Headquarters and Hall of Champions, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1997
• United States Federal Courthouse, Washington, DC, 1997
• Bristol⁄Savoy Towers (Ten Good City), Fukuoka, Japan, 1998
• Cedar Gables House, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1998
• Impala Building, New York, New York, 1998
• Saint Martin’s College Library, Lacey, Washington, 1998
• Washington Monument restoration and scaffolding Washington, DC, 1999-2000.
• Detroit Institute of Arts Expansion and Renovation, Detroit, Michigan, 1999
• NJIT Master Plan, Newark, New Jersey, 1999
• NJIT, Laurel Hall Expansion, Newark, New Jersey, 1999
• Philadelphia Eagles⁄Novacare Training Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1999
• Pittsburgh Cultural District Service Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1999
• Private Residence, Harbourton, New Jersey, 1999
• Rice University, Martel, Brown & Jones Colleges, Houston,Texas, 1999
• Singapore National Library Competition, Singapore, 1999
• Target House Fountain, Memphis, Tennessee, 1999
• Watch Technicum, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1999
• 425 Fifth Ave, New York, New York, 2000
• Famille Tsukishima Apartment Building, Tokyo, Japan, 2000
• Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Houston Branch, Texas, 2000
• Hart Production Studios, San Francisco, California, 2000
• Newark Museum Science Gallery, Newark, New Jersey, 2000
• Perseus Office, Washington, DC, 2000
• Private Residence, Lake Geneva, Switzerland, 2000
• Capital Regional Medical Center, Tallahassee Community Hospital, Tallahassee, Florida, 2000
• United States Embassy Compound - Embassy & Housing, Seoul, Korea, 2000
• Children’s Theatre Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2001
• Emory University, Michael C. Carlos Museum Renovation, Atlanta, Georgia, 2001
• Fukuoka Office Building, Fukuoka, Japan, 2001
• Kasteel Holterveste, De Haverleij, Netherlands, 2001
• Mahler 4, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2001
• Minneapolis Institute of Arts Expansion, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2006
• Three On The Bund, Shanghai, China, 2001
• St. Mary's Catholic Church, Rockledge, Florida, 2002.
• Arts Council of Princeton, Princeton, New Jersey, 2002
• Department of Transportation Headquarters, Washington, DC, 2002
• Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Kohn Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 2002
• New Jersey City University Arts and Science Building, Jersey City, New Jersey, 2002
• New Jersey State Police Training Center & Headquarters, Trenton, New Jersey, 2002
• Resort Master Plan - Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Spain, 2002
• Rice University South Campus Master Plan, Houston, Texas, 2002
• St. Coletta School, Washington, DC, 2002
• Target Club Wedd House, 2002
• Florida Institute of Technology Master Plan, Melbourne, Florida, 2003
• Housing For Martin House, Trenton, New Jersey, 2003
• The Pinnacle And 260 Main Street, White Plains, New York, 2003
• The George Washington University Sigma Chi Fraternity House , Washington, DC, 2003
• United States Courthouse, Nashville, Tennessee, 2003
• Indianapolis Art Center Master Plan, Indianapolis, Indiana, 2004
• Maxwell Place On The Hudson, Interiors Block A, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2004
• National Automobile Museum, The Hague, Netherlands, 2004
• Princeton University Chancellor Green Interiors, Princeton, New Jersey, USA 2004
• Riverwalk 2, Nishinippon University Design School, Kitakyushu, Japan, 2004
• Temple University, Fox School Of Business, Alter Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2004
• Trump International Hotel, Ft Lauderdale, Florida, 2004
• University of Miami School Of Business, Miami, Florida, 2004
• 701 E. Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, 2005
• Azulera Resort, Hotel and Residences, Brasilito Bay Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 2005
• Burj Dubai Towers, Dubai, UAE, 2005
• The Enclave Residential Condominiums, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 2005
• Florida Institute of Technology College Of Psychology & Autism, Melbourne, Florida, 2005
• Hyatt Hotel, Beirut, Lebanon, 2005
• Luxury Condominium Towers, Beirut, Lebanon, 2005
• Maxwell Place On The Hudson, Interiors Block B, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2005
• Museum of the Shenandoah Valley, Winchester, Virginia, 2005
• Paterson Public Schools complex, Patterson, New Jersey, 2005
• Riverside Park Residential Development master plan, Fairfax County, Virginia, 2005
• Springhill Lake master plan, Greenbelt, Maryland, 2005
• Storehouse prototype retail store, West Palm Beach, Florida, 2005
• Texas A&M University, Mitchell Institute and Physics Building, College Station, Texas, 2005
• Allegna Residence, 6th of October City, Egypt, 2006
• The Falls at Lake Travis Community Master Plan, Austin, Texas, 2006
• Four Seasons Residence at Town Lake, Austin, Texas, 2006
• Notre Dame Club, Notre Dame University, South Bend, Indiana, 2006
• Princeton University Wu-Wilcox Halls Additions & Interiors, Princeton, New Jersey, 2006
• Private Residence, Sentosa, Singapore, 2006
• Resorts World at Sentosa, Singapore, 2006
• St. Regis Cairo, Cairo, Egypt, 2006
• Shake-a-Leg Residences, Miami, Florida, 2006
• Wyndham Hotels Prototypes, 2006
• Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, 2007
• Community Master Plan, New Cairo, Egypt, 2007
• MarketFair Retail Center, Princeton, New Jersey, 2007
• Equestrian City Tower, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2008
• PS/IS 42, Arverne, New York, 2008

See also

• Memphis Group

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Michael Graves

• Official Website
• Michael Graves at the archINFORM database
• Fast Company, August 2004: "A Design for Living"
• Washington Monument scaffolding
• Michael Graves At Dream Icons

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)