The angiosperm life cycle begins with a diploid (2n) flower on
the mature sporophyte plant. Within the anther, the microsporocytes
develop and undergo meiosis (reduction of chromosomes) to produce
haploid (n) microspores. Each of these undergoes one mitotic
division to produce a generative cell and a tube cell. Together
they make an immature microgametophyte, or pollen grain. The
generative cell completes a second mitotic division to produce two
sperm nuclei. Inside the ovule a single megasporocyte develops,
undergoes meiosis, and produces four haploid (n) megaspores. Three
of these die off, while the fourth undergoes three mitotic
divisions to produce an eight-nucleate embryo sac, or mature
megagametophyte. Upon pollination, the pollen grain germinates on
the stigma, a pollen tube grows down the style and into the ovary
through the micropyle. One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg to
create a diploid (2n) zygote, while the other sperm nucleus fuses
with the two polar nuclei to produce the nutritive, triploid
endosperm. The embryo develops inside the embryo sac, integuments
of the ovule form a protective seed coat around it that provides
protection and nutrients. The seed is then shed from the fruit and
the development of the embryo is temporarily halted until the
proper conditions are established. Once the proper conditions are
established seed germination takes place and the embryo grows into
a mature diploid (2n) sporophyte, which produces flowers and
completes one cycle of the alternation of generations.