The macroeconomic implications of a supply shock-induced energy
crisis are large, because energy is the resource used to exploit
all other resources. When energy markets fail, an energy shortage
develops. Electricity consumers may experience
intentionally-engineered rolling blackouts which are released
during periods of insufficient supply or unexpected power outages,
regardless of the cause. Industrialized nations are dependent on
oil, and efforts to restrict the supply of oil would have an
adverse effect on the economies of oil producers. For the consumer,
the price of natural gas, gasoline (petrol) and diesel for cars and
other vehicles rises. An early response from stakeholders is the
call for reports, investigations and commissions into the price of
fuels. There are also movements towards the development of more
sustainable urban infrastructure. In 2006, US survey respondents
were willing to pay more for a plug-in hybrid car In the market,
new technology and energy efficiency measures become desirable for
consumers seeking to decrease transport costs.[ Other responses
include the development of non-conventional oil sources such as
synthetic fuel from places like the Athabasca Oil Sands, more
renewable energy commercialization and use of alternative
propulsion. There may be a Relocation trend towards local foods and
possibly microgeneration, solar thermal collectors and other green
energy sources. Tourism trends change and ownership of gas-guzzlers
vary, both because of increases to fuel costs which are passed on
to customers. Items which were not so popular gain favour, such as
nuclear power plants and the blanket sleeper, a garment to keep
children warm. Building construction techniques change to reduce
heating costs, potentially through increased insulation.
