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Minoru Yamasaki

 
Who2 Biography: Minoru Yamasaki, Architect

  • Born: 1 December 1912
  • Birthplace: Seattle, Washington
  • Died: 6 February 1986 (cancer)
  • Best Known As: Designer of Manhattan's World Trade Center

Minoru Yamasaki is the architect who designed Manhattan's World Trade Center. A native of Seattle, Washington and the son of Japanese immigrants, Yamasaki worked his way through college, studying architecture at the University of Washington and at New York University. After a stint with New York architectural firms in the 1940s, Yamasaki took a post in Detroit, Michigan in 1945 and founded his own firm in 1951. Working almost exclusively with public buildings, he earned a national reputation that landed him the job of designing of U.S. Consulate in Kobe, Japan (1954). A decade later, Yamasaki was tapped over many other architects to design New York's World Trade Center. Design began formally in 1965, with Yamasaki collaborating with Leslie E. Robertson and Emery Roth on what would become the tallest buildings in the world. Yamasaki's designs paid tribute to classical themes, especially gothic, but his emphasis on working with modern technology resulted in distinctly contemporary structures of concrete and glass. Some of his more famous projects include Seattle's U.S. Science Pavilion (now the Pacific Science Center), Los Angeles's Century City Plaza and the Lambert-St. Louis air terminal in Missouri.

The World Trade Centers were destroyed in a terrorist attack on 11 September 2001... Construction on the World Trade Center One was completed in 1972; it surpassed the Empire State Building as the tallest building in the world, a title it held until Chicago's Sears Tower was completed in 1974... A fear of heights caused Yamasaki to design his high-rise buildings with narrow windows and limited vistas.

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Art Encyclopedia: Minoru Yamasaki
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(b Seattle, WA, 1 Dec 1912; d Detroit, MI, 6 Feb 1986). American architect. He studied architecture at the University of Washington (1930-34) and at New York University (1934-5). He worked for important firms in New York and later in Detroit, where he established his own practice in 1949. The Lambert Air Terminal (1956), St Louis, MO, reflected technical principles of mainstream modernism in its thin shell concrete vaults and brought Yamasaki professional prominence. During international travels he became impressed with Gothic and Indian styles as well as indigenous Japanese building, from which he developed a romantic, non-functionalist and very personal modernism that incorporated delicacy, symmetry and understatement in a search for elegance and repose. This synthetic style characterized the McGregor Center (1958), Detroit, with its prismatic glass skylights and reflecting pool; the Michigan Consolidated Gas building (1963), Detroit, with its precast surface tracery; and the Dhahran Air Terminal (1961), Saudi Arabia, with its references to Islamic arcuation beneath concrete canopies.

See the Abbreviations for further details.



Architecture and Landscaping: Minoru Yamasaki
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(1912–86)

American architect of Japanese descent. He and his partners George Francis Hellmuth and Joseph Leinweber made their names with the Lambert Airport Terminal Building, St Louis, MO (1953–6), the main concourses of which are covered by intersecting concrete-shell barrel-vaults. His grim public housing, Pruitt-Igoe, St Louis (1950–8), won several architectural awards, but made history by being detested by those living there (it suffered several arson attacks), and was demolished in 1972, an event many have seen as the beginning of Post-Modernism as a reaction against the Modern Movement. Later buildings tended to have screen-like elements in the façades that disguised the structural grids. Profiled concrete blocks were used for this purpose at the American Concrete Institute, Detroit (1958), and metal grilles at the Reynolds Metals Regional Sales Office, Southfields, MI (1959). With Emery Roth & Sons he designed the twin-towered World Trade Center, NYC (1946–74—de-stroyed 11 September 2001). He wrote A Life in Architecture (1979).

Bibliography

  • WiCurtis (1996)
  • Kalman (1994)
  • Heyer (1978)
  • van Vynckt (ed.) (1993)
  • Yamasaki (1979)

The full bibliography for this book is available to download as a pdf file.
Download the bibliography for A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (PDF: 1.2MB)

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Minoru Yamasaki
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Yamasaki, Minoru (mĭnō'rū yämäsä'), 1912-86, American architect, b. Seattle. Yamasaki worked for prominent architectural firms in New York City from 1937 until 1949, when he formed his own company. In 1951 he designed the Lambert-St. Louis Municipal Air Terminal, an impressive concrete groin-vault construction. In his design (1954) for the U.S. consulate general in Kobe, Japan, Yamasaki adapted elements of the Japanese aesthetic. His interest in ornament and sculptural form is revealed in buildings for the American Concrete Institute, the Reynolds Metal Company, and the McGregor Memorial Community Conference Center, Wayne Univ., all in Detroit. Yamasaki's design for the U.S. science pavilion at the Seattle Exposition, 1962, is famed for its soaring arches and Gothic tracery. His other major works include the Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles (1966), and the Eastern Airlines Unit Terminal, Boston (1968). He was a chief designer of the vast World Trade Center complex, New York City, which was destroyed by a terrorist attack in Sept., 2001.
Wikipedia: Minoru Yamasaki
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Minoru Yamasaki
Personal information
Name Minoru Yamasaki
Nationality American
Birth date December 1, 1912(1912-12-01)
Birth place Seattle, Washington, United States
Date of death February 7, 1986 (aged 73)
Place of death Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, United States
Alma mater New York University
Work
Buildings The twin towers of the World Trade Center
Projects World Trade Center
Design Inspiration by Gothic architecture and use of extremely narrow vertical windows
Awards American Institute of Architects' First Honor Award

Minoru Yamasaki (山崎實 Yamasaki Minoru?, December 1, 1912 – February 7, 1986) was an American architect of Japanese descent, best known for his design of the twin towers of the World Trade Center buildings 1 and 2. Yamasaki was one of the most prominent architects of the 20th century and his firm, Yamasaki & Associates, continues to do business. He and fellow architect Edward Durell Stone are generally considered to be the two master practitioners of "romanticized modernism".

Contents

Biography

The former World Trade Center
The Conservatory of Music at Oberlin College, designed by Yamasaki in 1963. The distinctive style is similar to Yamasaki's design of the World Trade Center.

Yamasaki, born in Seattle, Washington, was a second-generation Japanese American. He grew up in Auburn, Washington and attended Auburn Senior High School.[citation needed] He enrolled in the University of Washington program in architecture in 1929, and graduated with a Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) in 1934.[1] During his college years, he was strongly encouraged by faculty member Lionel Pries. He earned money to pay for his tuition by working at an Alaskan salmon cannery.[2]

After moving to New York City in the 1930s, he enrolled at New York University for a master's degree in architecture and got a job with the architecture firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, designers of the Empire State Building. In 1945, Yamasaki moved to Detroit, where he was hired by Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls.[3] Yamasaki left the firm in 1949, and started his own partnership.[3] In 1964 Yamasaki received a D.F.A. from Bates College.

Yamasaki was first married in 1941 and had two other wives before marrying his first wife again in 1969. He died of stomach[citation needed] cancer in 1986.

Works

His first significant project was the Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St. Louis, Missouri, 1955. Despite his love of Japanese traditional design, this was a stark, modernist concrete structure. The housing project experienced so many problems that it was demolished in 1972, less than twenty years after its completion. Its destruction is considered by some to be the beginning of postmodern architecture.

He also designed several "sleek" international airport buildings and was responsible for the innovative design of the 1,360 foot (415 m) towers of the World Trade Center, for which design began in 1965, and construction in 1972. Many of his buildings are loosely inspired by Gothic architecture and make use of extremely narrow vertical windows. This narrow-windowed style arose from his own personal fear of heights.[2]

Yamasaki was an original member of the Pennsylvania Avenue Commission, which was tasked with restoring the grand avenue in Washington, D.C., but resigned after disagreements and disillusionment with the design by committee approach.[4]

After teaming up with Emery Roth and Sons on the design of the World Trade Center, they teamed up again on other projects including new defense buildings at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C.[5]

Structures designed by Minoru Yamasaki

Honors

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Esterow, Milton (September 21, 1962). "Architect Named for Trade Center". The New York Times. 
  2. ^ a b "Center Will Reflect Architectural Collaboration". The New York Times. January 19, 1964. 
  3. ^ a b Huxtable, Ada Louise (November 25, 1962). "Pools, Domes, Yamasaki - Debate". The New York Times. 
  4. ^ Huxtable, Ada Louise (February 2, 1964). "N.Y.C. Architectural Ups and Downs". The New York Times. 
  5. ^ Robbins, William (March 26, 1967). "2 Firms Are Welding Abilities to Plan World Trade Center". The New York Times. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Vivian M. Baulch (August 14, 1998). "Minoru Yamasaki, world-class architect". The Detroit News. http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=206. Retrieved 2007-11-23. 
  7. ^ Carleton College Facilities Management (undated). "Historical Building Information". Carleton College. http://apps.carleton.edu/campus/facilities/property/historical/. Retrieved 2007-07-10. 
  8. ^ Massport (undated). "2002 EDR Logan International Airport" (PDF). Massport. http://www.massport.com/about/pdf/09_Mitigation.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-11. 

Other references

  • Yamasaki, Minoru, A Life in Architecture, Weatherhill, NY 1979 ISBN 0834801361
  • Nobel, Philip, Sixteen Acres: The rebuilding of the World Trade Center site, Granta, London 2005 ISBN 1-86207-713-4

External links


 
 
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