model

n.

1. A small object, usually built to scale, that represents in detail another, often larger object.
2. 1. A preliminary work or construction that serves as a plan from which a final product is to be made: a clay model ready for casting.
   2. Such a work or construction used in testing or perfecting a final product: a test model of a solar-powered vehicle.
3. A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics: a model of generative grammar; a model of an atom; an economic model.
4. A style or design of an item: My car is last year's model.
5. One serving as an example to be imitated or compared: a model of decorum. See synonyms at ideal.
6. One that serves as the subject for an artist, especially a person employed to pose for a painter, sculptor, or photographer.
7. A person employed to display merchandise, such as clothing or cosmetics.
8. Zoology. An animal whose appearance is copied by a mimic.

v., -eled, also -elled, -el·ing, -el·ling, -els, -els.

v.tr.

1. To make or construct a model of.
2. To plan, construct, or fashion according to a model.
3. To make conform to a chosen standard: He modeled his manners on his father's.
4. 1. To make by shaping a plastic substance: modeled a bust from clay.
   2. To form (clay, for example) into a shape.
5. To display by wearing or posing.
6. In painting, drawing, and photography, to give a three-dimensional appearance to, as by shading or highlighting.

v.intr.

1. To make a model.
2. To serve or work as a model.

adj.

1. Being, serving as, or used as a model.
2. Worthy of imitation: a model child.

[French modèle, from Italian modello, diminutive of modo, form, from Latin modus, measure, standard.]

modeler mod'el·er n.

A simple description of a probabilistic process that may have given rise to observed data. For example, if the data consist of the numbers shown by a fair die during a game of Snakes and Ladders, then a simple model would state that for each roll, and independent of the outcomes of other rolls, the distribution of the number shown is a discrete uniform distribution, on 1, 2,..., 6.

Models form the bedrock of Statistics. Specific distributions are often invoked. Many types of models are mentioned in this dictionary.

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(1) A particular unit of hardware, known by its style or type.

(2) A graphical representation of an object.

(3) A mathematical representation of a device or process used for analysis and planning. See data model, data administration, financial planning system and scientific application.

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Computer-based system that uses mathematical formulas to help marketers make better marketing decisions. A model represents some real system, process, or outcome and is used to answer hypothetical questions of "what if?" or "which is best?" Over the past 20 years, scientists have developed numerous models that are used by marketing managers to forecast new product sales and to determine marketing mix combinations, the design of sales territories and sales call plans, the best sites for retail outlets, and the optimal advertising mixes. See also circulation module; financial modeling.

Abstraction of a real-life system used to facilitate understanding and to aid in decision making. It has become a popular device in business. The model can be classified into three popular types: (1) physical model; (2) graphical model; and (3) mathematical model. Examples of physical models are childhood toys such as dolls and toy airplanes. Graphical models are abstractions of lines, symbols, shapes, or charts-for example, a Break-Even Chart. Mathematical models are the ones that have stimulated most of the recent interest in models for decision making. Any mathematical formula or equation is a model. Mathematical models are used to solve planning and decision problems and to answer various what-if scenarios. Examples include the break-even model and Linear Programming.

noun

1. A small-scale representation of something: miniature. See same/different/compare.
2. One that is worthy of imitation or duplication: beau ideal, example, exemplar, ideal, mirror, paradigm, pattern, standard. See good/bad.

verb

1. To take as a model or make conform to a model. copy, emulate, follow, imitate, pattern (on, upon. or after). Idioms: follow in the footsteps of, follow suit, follow the example of. See same/different/compare.
2. To give form to by or as if by pressing and kneading: form, mold, shape. See surface/depth.

adjective

1. Having the nature of, constituting, or serving as a type: archetypal, archetypic, archetypical, classic, classical, paradigmatic, prototypal, prototypic, prototypical, quintessential, representative, typic, typical. See same/different/compare, usual/unusual.
2. Conforming to an ultimate form of perfection or excellence: exemplary, ideal, perfect, supreme. See good/bad.

adj

Definition: typical, ideal
Antonyms: atypical, deficient, imperfect, unusual

n

Definition: person, thing which poses
Antonyms: photographer

v

Definition: display, pose
Antonyms: photograph

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n

1. a replica, usually in miniature n 2. a positive replica of the dentition and surrounding or adjoining structures used as a diagnostic aid and base for construction of orthodontic and prosthetic appliances. See also cast.

A representation of some phenomenon of the real world made in order to facilitate an understanding of its workings. A model is a simplified and generalized version of real events, from which the incidental detail, or ‘noise’, has been removed. An iconic model represents reality on a smaller scale, an analogue model shows reality in maps and diagrams, and a symbolic model uses mathematical expressions to portray reality. Probabilistic models take into account the fact that human behaviour cannot be predicted with absolute certainty, while simulation models use mathematical laws of probability to simulate the consequences of human behaviour. Finally, in an economic model, the variables are defined in cash terms.

In geography, models were at their most popular in the 1960s; since that time, few new models have been created, and many classic models, such as those of von Thünen or Hägerstrand have been reworked.

1. A representation or reproduction, usually at small scale, for purposes of study or to illustrate construction.
2. A pattern of an item to be reproduced, often in quantity.

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In logic, a model for a set of sentences is an interpretation under which they are all true.

(science) A representation of one system by another, usually more familiar, whose workings are supposed analogous to that of the first. Thus one might model the behaviour of sound waves upon that of waves in water, or the behaviour of a gas upon that of a volume containing moving billiard balls. Whilst nobody doubts that models have a useful heuristic role in science, there has been intense debate over whether a good explanation of some phenomenon needs a model, or whether an organized structure of laws from which it can be deduced suffices for scientific explanation. The debate was inaugurated by Duhem in his The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory (1906), which attacked the ‘shallow’ pictorial imaginings of British physicists, contrasting them with the pure deductive structures of proper science. Models often represent simplifications and idealizations (perfect gases, frictionless planes, perfectly elasic collisions) and even while fertile and useful can be approximations to more complex real phenomena.

[De]

A generalized picture, analogy, or simplified explanation of reality; a theoretical reconstruction of a set of phenomena, devised to visualize them or understand them better. Archaeological models can be descriptive or explanatory and vary greatly in their complexity and the degree to which they can be tested with archaeological data.

A mathematical, physical, pictorial, or computer representation, of one phenomenon by another. Models are often used to simplify complex phenomena for analytical purposes. See also metaphor.

A simulation, a copy, occurring naturally or manufactured. Models used in statistical and epidemiological studies may be deterministic, stochastic or random.

• m. 1 — the fixed version of the linear additive model used in linear regression analysis.
• m. 2 — the random version of the linear additive model used in linear regression analysis.
• animal m. — any condition in an animal that has enough similarities to a condition in humans that studies of the animal disease are will assist in understanding the human disorder.
• causal m. — a model used to determine the part played by multiple factors in the cause or causes of disease; a path model in which the variables are arranged temporally.
• descriptive m. — consist largely of diagrams and maps or charts designed to describe a real-world system.
• deterministic m. — see epidemiological model (below).
• epidemiological m. — a mathematical model, which may be a computer simulation model, of a disease for the purpose of studying the behavior of the disease in a variable animal population under variable conditions of climate, density of population, mix of population, and so on. It may be an analytical model, an economic decision making model, an explanatory model or a predictive model. It may also be a causal model, which allows the operator to vary the determinants of prevalence and observe the respective outcomes. It may permit only the use of fixed numbers so that it will always return the same answer to the same question, in which case it is a deterministic model, or it may introduce the element of chance into the selection of outcomes, in which case it is a stochastic model.
— Specific computer simulation models have been prepared for the study of rinderpest, the costs of mastitis control, the cost-benefits of foot-and-mouth disease control, and the costs of mortality in dairy calves. For example see reed–frost model.
• linear programming m. — a statistical model of a dependent variable, e.g. Y, as a linear combination of other variables, e.g. X. The model is based on a series of linear equations with a linear equation, called the objective function, as the desired end. Such an end could, in the determination of lowest cost rations, be the total cost of each ration.
• mathematical m. — a representation of a system, process or relationship in a mathematical form; see also mathematical modeling.
• physical m. — e.g. a model of a molecule utilizing colored balls connected by rigid wires.
• probabilistic m. — includes basic concepts of probability theory and may be deterministic or stochastic.
• Reed–Frost m. — a deterministic probability model of a theoretical epidemic.
• stochastic m. — see epidemiological model.
• symbolic m. — mathematical symbols used to describe the status of variables at a given time and to define the manner in which they change and interact.

IN BRIEF: A small copy of something. Also: A thing to be followed or copied. Also: One that serves as the subject for an artist, especially a person employed to pose for a painter, sculptor, or photographer.

Balance is the perfect state of still water. Let that be our model. — Confucius (c. 551-c. 479 BC).

Tutor's tip: With the "model," (a small object, usually built to scale, that represents in detail another, often larger object) transportation city planners were able to devise modal (of or relating to mode without referring to substance) transportation system.

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Common misspelling(s) of model

• modle

Dansk (Danish)
n. - model, forbillede
v. tr. - forme, modellere
v. intr. - stå model
adj. - mønster-

Nederlands (Dutch)
model(-), fotomodel, type, toonbeeld, modelleren, showen, model zijn, vormen naar een voorbeeld, een model maken van, perfect

Français (French)
n. - mannequin, (Archit, Tech) maquette, modèle, exemple, (Math, Comput, Ling) modèle, (Art, Phot, Sculp) modèle, (Comm, Aut) modèle
v. tr. - modeler (en), prendre exemple/modèle sur qn, être mannequin, présenter les modèles de collection
v. intr. - (Art, Phot, Sculp) poser (pour), être mannequin (chez)
adj. - miniature, modèle réduit, modèle pilote, modèle (une conduite)

Deutsch (German)
n. - Modell, Muster, Mannequin, Dressman
v. - modellieren, formen, vorführen, als Modell arbeiten
adj. - mustergültig, vorbildlich, Modell-, Muster-

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - υπόδειγμα, πρότυπο, ομοίωμα, μοντέλο (ζωγράφου κ.λπ.), μανεκέν, μοντέλο, τύπος (αυτοκινήτου κ.λπ.), μακέτα, πανομοιότυπο, μοντελάκι
v. - διαμορφώνω, διαπλάθω, πλάθω, εργάζομαι ως μανεκέν, φωτομοντέλο ή σχεδιαστής ενδυμάτων, σχεδιάζω, κάνω επίδειξη (ρούχων), κατασκευάζω πρότυπο
adj. - πρότυπος, υποδειγματικός, ιδεώδης

Italiano (Italian)
modellare, modello

Português (Portuguese)
n. - modelo (m)
v. - fazer modelos, posar (como modelo vivo)
adj. - exemplar

Русский (Russian)
модель, макет, фасон, тип, марка конструкции, натурщик, натурщица, манекенщица, создавать модель, создавать что-л. по образцу, формовать, быть натурщиком, натурщицей

Español (Spanish)
n. - paradigma, patrón, pauta, maqueta, figurín, maniquí, ejemplo
v. tr. - modelar, formar, planear, construir, presentar
v. intr. - modelar, posar como modelo
adj. - ejemplar, que sirve de modelo, modelo

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - modell, mönster, avbild
v. - modellera, utforma, visa
adj. - modell-, mönster-

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
模型, 模特儿, 模范, 使模仿, 塑造, 做模型, 做模特儿, 模范的, 作模型用的

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 模型, 模特兒, 模範
v. tr. - 使模仿, 塑造
v. intr. - 做模型, 做模特兒
adj. - 模範的, 作模型用的

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 표준, 매우 유사한 것, 원형, 방식
v. tr. - ~의 표준을 만들다, 설계하다, ~의 모델을 하다, 입체감을 주다
v. intr. - 모형을 만들다, 입체감을 가지다
adj. - 표준의, 전형적인

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 模型, モデル, 原型, 手本, 模範, 型, ファッションモデル, そっくりなもの
adj. - 模型の, 手本となる
v. - かたどる, 作る, モデルをする, モデルになる

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) نموذج (فعل) يصمم, يشكل (صفه) نموذجي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮דגם, דוגמנ/ית, דוגמה, מודל, מופת, תבנית, העתק‬
v. tr. - ‮הציג תלבושות, כייר, עיצב, עשה דגם, דיגם‬
v. intr. - ‮דגמן, שימש כדוגמן‬
adj. - ‮דומה ל-, מופתי, מושלם, לדוגמה‬

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model	Model Car
Model Tx-lr552	Model Sti-u2f36/250