motion

1. The act or process of changing position or place.
2. A meaningful or expressive change in the position of the body or a part of the body; a gesture.
3. Active operation: set the plan in motion.
4. The ability or power to move: lost motion in his arm.
5. The manner in which the body moves, as in walking.
6. A prompting from within; an impulse or inclination: resigned of her own motion.
7. Music. Melodic ascent and descent of pitch.
8. Law. An application made to a court for an order or a ruling.
9. A formal proposal put to the vote under parliamentary procedures.
10. 1. A mechanical device or piece of machinery that moves or causes motion; a mechanism.
    2. The movement or action of such a device.

go through the motions

1. To do something in a mechanical manner indicative of a lack of interest or involvement.

[Middle English mocioun, from Old French motion, from Latin mōtiō, mōtiōn-, from mōtus, past participle of movēre, to move.]

For more information on motion, visit Britannica.com.

If the position of a material system as measured by a particular observer changes with respect to time, that system is said to be in motion with respect to the observer. Absolute motion, then, has no significance, and only relative motion may be defined; what one observer measures to be at rest, another observer in a different frame of reference may regard as being in motion. See also Frame of reference; Relative motion.

The time derivatives of the various coordinates used to specify the system may be used to prescribe the motion at any instant of time. How the motion develops in subsequent instants is then determined by the laws of motion. In classical dynamics it is supposed that in principle the motion and configuration of the system may be specified to an arbitrary precision, although in quantum mechanics it is recognized that the measurement of the one disturbs the other.

The most general theory of motion that has yet been developed is quantum field theory, which combines both quantum mechanics and relativity theory, as well as the experimentally observed fact that elementary particles can be created and annihilated. See also Degree of freedom (mechanics); Dynamics; Hamilton's equations of motion; Harmonic motion; Kinematics; Kinetics (classical mechanics); Lagrange's equations; Newton's laws of motion; Oscillation; Periodic motion; Quantum field theory; Quantum mechanics; Rectilinear motion; Relativity; Rotational motion.

noun

1. The act or process of moving: move, movement, stir¹. See move/halt.
2. An expressive, meaningful bodily movement: gesticulation, gesture, indication, sign, signal. Informal high sign. See express.

verb

To make bodily motions so as to convey an idea or complement speech: gesticulate, gesture, sign, signal, signalize. Idioms: give the high sign. See express.

Definition: movement, action
Antonyms: immobility, repose, rest, stagnation, stiffness, stillness

v

Definition: gesture, direct
Antonyms: be still

Envelope of, the three-dimensional space circumscribed by border movements and by occlusal contacts of a given point of the mandible. Also called movement space. See also movement, border, posterior.

The continual change of relative position of an object in space. An accurate analysis of the motion of a body requires a description of its successive positions and the time taken to move between these positions.

A written or oral application made to a court or judge to obtain a ruling or order directing that some act be done in favor of the applicant. The applicant is known as the moving party, or the movant.

In the U.S. judicial system, procedural rules require most motions to be made in writing and can require that written notice be given in advance of a motion being made. Written motions specify what action the movant is requesting and the reasons, or grounds, for the request. A written motion may contain citations to case law or statutes that support the motion. A motion almost always contains a recitation of the facts of the case or the situation prompting the movant to make the request.

For example, suppose that a plaintiff in a lawsuit has refused to submit to a deposition— questioning under oath — by the defendant. The defendant therefore files a motion with the court to compel in an effort to compel the plaintiff to attend the deposition. The written motion briefly explains the nature of the lawsuit, describes the efforts made by the defendant to get the plaintiff to submit to a deposition, addresses any known reasons for the plaintiff's failure to cooperate, and recites the statute that permits the taking of depositions in civil litigation. The motion may also request that the issue be addressed at a hearing before the judge with all parties present.

Once the judge receives the motion, he or she may grant or deny the motion based solely on its contents. In the alternative, the judge may schedule a hearing. At a motion hearing, each party has an opportunity to argue its position orally, and the judge can ask specific questions about the facts or the law. The judge's decision on the motion is called an order.

Under some circumstances motions can be made orally. Oral motions frequently occur during trials, when it is impractical to draft a written motion. A common oral motion occurs during witness testimony. Witnesses sometimes give inadmissible testimony before an attorney can object. When that happens, the attorney must object and move the court to strike the inadmissible testimony from the record. Motions for mistrial — made when courtroom proceedings are fraught with errors, inadmissible evidence, or disruptions so prejudicial to a party's case that justice cannot be served — often are made orally. Sometimes judges themselves take action on behalf of a party, such as changing or adding necessary language to a pleading without a motion from a party. This is known as making an amendment on the court's own motion.

A motion to dismiss asks the court to dismiss an action because the initial pleading, or complaint, fails to state a cause of action or claim for which the law provides a remedy. For example, a complaint alleges that an employer unfairly fired an employee but does not allege illegal discrimination or labor practices. Merely firing an employee for unfair reasons is not illegal; thus a court may dismiss this complaint.

A motion to strike asks the court to remove from the record inadmissible evidence or language in pleadings that is redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous. A party can file a motion for a more definite statement when the language in a pleading is so vague or ambiguous that the party cannot reasonably be expected to draft a responsive pleading.

A motion for summary judgment, also known as a motion for judgment on the pleadings, asks the court to make a judgment solely on the facts set forth in the pleadings, without the necessity of trial. A court will grant a summary judgment motion when the material facts of the case are not in dispute and all that remains to be determined are questions of law. For example, in Stieber v. Journal Publishing Co., 120 N. M. 270, 901 P.2d 201 (App. 1995), the court found that the issue of whether a newspaper company's treatment of a reporter was extreme and outrageous was a legal question, not a factual question. In that case the reporter, Tamar Stieber, sued her employer for, among other things, intentional infliction of emotional distress. Stieber charged that the newspaper asked her to write so many daily stories that she could not perform her duties as a special projects reporter. To recover for the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress, the court noted, Stieber had to prove that the newspaper's conduct was so extreme and outrageous as to go "beyond all possible boundaries of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in civilized community." The court ruled that as a matter of law, Stieber failed to prove this allegation, and the lower court's summary judgment was affirmed.

A motion in limine, also made before trial, asks the court to prohibit an opposing party from offering evidence or referring to matters that would be highly prejudicial to the movant during a trial. A motion to suppress is similar to a motion in limine but asks the court to keep out of a criminal trial evidence that was obtained illegally, usually in violation of the Fourth, Fifth, or Sixth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. For example, a defendant in a murder trial may move the court to suppress her confession because she was questioned without being told of her right to have an attorney present.

Following a trial but before a jury verdict, a party may move for a directed verdict, asking the judge to make a judgment without letting the jury reach a verdict. Following a jury verdict, a party may move for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, or JNOV. This motion requests that the court enter a judgment contrary to the jury verdict, and is granted when no reasonable jury could have reached that verdict. A motion for a new trial asks the judge to order a new trial, setting aside the judgment or verdict, because the trial was improper or unfair. This motion is sometimes brought as the result of newly discovered evidence.

See: civil procedure; criminal procedure.

Motion may refer to:

• Motion (physics), any physical movement or change in position or place
• Motion (legal), a procedural device in law to bring a limited, contested matter before a court
• Motion (democracy), a formal step to introduce a matter for consideration by a group
• Motion (parliamentary procedure), a formal proposal by a member of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action
• Motion (football), in gridiron football, a movement by an offensive player prior to the start of a play
• Motion (album), an album by The Cinematic Orchestra
• Motion (software), a motion graphics software application by Apple Computer, or a term for Motion graphics generally
• Motion (railway technology), the connecting rods and valvegear of a steam locomotive
• Andrew Motion, English poet laureate

See also

• Self-motion (disambiguation)
• Move (disambiguation)
• All pages beginning with "motion"

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - bevægelse, tegn, erklæring, resolution, [jur.] begæring, andragende
v. tr. - vinke til/ad
v. intr. - gøre tegn til

idioms:

• go through the motions    foregive at gøre noget uden at gøre det
• motion of no-confidence    forslag til mistillidsvotum
• motion picture    (biograf)film
• motion sickness    transportsyge
• put in motion    sætte i gang
• set in motion    sætte i gang
• set the wheels in motion    sætte hjulene i gang
• time and motion    tid og bevægelse

Nederlands (Dutch)
beweging, motie, mechanisme, ontlasting, verzoek om rechterlijke uitspraak, wenken, gebaren de zaak aan het rollen brengen

Français (French)
n. - mouvement, geste, (Admin, Pol) motion, (Méd) selles
v. tr. - faire signe à
v. intr. - faire signe à

idioms:

• go through the motions    faire semblant, faire (qch) pour la forme
• motion of no-confidence    (Pol) motion de censure
• motion picture    film
• motion sickness    mal des transports
• put in motion    mettre en route, embrayer (une machine), faire agir (la loi)
• set in motion    mettre en route, embrayer (une machine), faire agir (la loi)
• set the wheels in motion    mettre les choses en route
• time and motion    cadences

Deutsch (German)
n. - Bewegung, Körperhaltung, Antrag, Stuhlgang
v. - winken

idioms:

• go through the motions    etwas nur zum Schein tun
• motion of no-confidence    Mißtrauensantrag
• motion picture    Film
• motion sickness    Reiseübelkeit
• put in motion    in Gang setzen
• set in motion    in Gang setzen
• set the wheels in motion    die Sache in Gang setzen
• time and motion    REFA-

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - κίνηση, πρόταση, εισήγηση, κίνητρο
v. - νεύω, κάνω νεύμα, γνέφω

idioms:

• go through the motions    καμώνομαι πως κάνω κάτι, υποκρίνομαι, κάνω μηχανικά
• motion of no-confidence    πρόταση δυσπιστίας
• motion picture    κινηματογραφική ταινία
• motion sickness    (ταξιδιωτική) ναυτία
• put in motion    θέτω σε κίνηση, κινώ
• set in motion    θέτω σε κίνηση, κινώ
• set the wheels in motion    θέτω τους τροχούς σε κίνηση
• time and motion    κινησιοχρονομετρία, εργονομικός

Italiano (Italian)
fare cenno a, accennare, movimento, cenno, defecazione, mozione

idioms:

• go through the motions    far qualcosa senza convinzione, meccanicamente
• motion picture    film per il cinema
• motion sickness    mal di mare
• put/set in motion    mettere in moto
• set the wheels in motion    mettere in moto

Português (Portuguese)
n. - movimento (m), mecanismo (m)
v. - sinalizar com as mãos

idioms:

• go through the motions    fazer alguma coisa por obrigação
• motion picture    filme de cinema (m)
• motion sickness    enjôo de viagem (m)
• put/set in motion    pôr em movimento
• set the wheels in motion    ocasionar uma ação
• time and motion    tempo e espaço

Русский (Russian)
движение, ход (механизма), жест, побуждение, предложение на собрании

idioms:

• go through the motions    жестами или движениями имитировать какое-л. действие, делать вид
• motion picture    кинофильм
• motion sickness    укачивание в транспорте
• put/set in motion    привести в движение
• set the wheels in motion    начать что-либо
• time and motion    хронометраж (движения рабочего)

Español (Spanish)
n. - movimiento, marcha, señas, gesto, señal, evacuación del vientre, moción, proposición
v. tr. - hacer señas, indicar con la mano
v. intr. - hacer señas

idioms:

• go through the motions    hacer algo como es debido, cumplir con las formalidades
• motion of no-confidence    moción de censura
• motion picture    película
• motion sickness    mal de mar, náusea, mareo
• put in motion    poner en marcha, hacer funcionar
• set in motion    poner en marcha, hacer funcionar
• set the wheels in motion    poner en marcha, hacer funcionar
• time and motion    estudio de desplazamientos y tiempos, estudio de tiempo y proceso, medición de la eficiencia de la producción industrial, etc.

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - rörelse, gest, motion, mekanism, avföring, tempo
v. - vinka, ge tecken

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
运动, 动作, 向...打手势, 向...摇头示意, 打手势, 摆动, 走, 摇头示意

idioms:

• go through the motions    装装样子, 做出姿态, 不花力气地敷衍塞责
• motion of no-confidence    无信心获得批准的请求
• motion picture    电影, 动画
• motion sickness    晕车, 晕船, 晕机
• put in motion    开动..., 使...运转, 调动...
• set in motion    开动..., 使...运转, 调动...
• set the wheels in motion    开动..., 使...运转, 调动...
• time and motion    时间和动作研究

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 運動, 動作
v. tr. - 向...打手勢, 向...搖頭示意
v. intr. - 打手勢, 擺動, 走, 搖頭示意

idioms:

• go through the motions    裝裝樣子, 做出姿態, 不花力氣地敷衍塞責
• motion of no-confidence    無信心獲得批準的請求
• motion picture    電影, 動畫
• motion sickness    暈車, 暈船, 暈機
• put in motion    開動..., 使...運轉, 調動...
• set in motion    開動..., 使...運轉, 調動...
• set the wheels in motion    開動..., 使...運轉, 調動...
• time and motion    時間和動作研究

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 이동, 작동, 신호, 동의, 배설물
v. tr. - 몸짓으로 지시하다
v. intr. - 몸짓으로 신호하다

idioms:

• go through the motions    흉내를 내다, 시늉만 하다
• put in motion    추진하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 運動, 運行, 動作, 身のこなし, 便通, 動議
v. - 身振りで合図をする

idioms:

• go through the motions    しぐさをする, しぐさをまねる
• motion picture    映画
• motion sickness    乗り物酔い
• put/set in motion    動かす
• set the wheels in motion    事を実行に移す

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) حركه, إقتراح (فعل) يحرك, يؤشر يحرك العجلات, يبدأ‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮תנועה, הצעה (לדיון), ניע, יציאה, בקשת פסיקה מבית-משפט, פעולת מעיים, צואה, חלק של מכונה‬
v. tr. - ‮רמז, כיוון (באמצעות תנועה)‬
v. intr. - ‮סימן בתנועת יד‬

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