Mount Cameroon

Mount Cameroon
Craters left after the eruptions in 2000
Mount Cameroon
Elevation	4,040 metres (13,255 ft)[1]
Location	Southwest Province,  Cameroon
Prominence	3,096 m (10,157 ft)Ranked 31st
Coordinates	4°13′00″N 9°10′21″E / 4.2166667°N 9.1725°E / 4.2166667; 9.1725Coordinates: 4°13′00″N 9°10′21″E / 4.2166667°N 9.1725°E / 4.2166667; 9.1725
Type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	2000
First ascent	Joseph Merrick, 1840s[2]
Easiest route	scramble
Listing	Country high point Ultra

Mount Cameroon is an active volcano in Cameroon near the Gulf of Guinea. Mount Cameroon is also known as Cameroon Mountain or Fako (the name of the higher of its two peaks) or by its native name Mongo ma Ndemi ("Mountain of Greatness").

Location, Recent Eruptions

The mountain is part of the area of volcanic activity known as the Cameroon Volcanic Line, which also includes Lake Nyos, the site of a disaster in 1986. The most recent eruptions occurred on March 28, 1999 and May 28, 2000.

Description and Travellers' Accounts

A view of Mount Cameroon from the road of Limbe.

A lava flow of Mount Cameroon (1999).

Mount Cameroon is one of Africa's largest volcanoes, rising to 4,040 metres (13,255 ft) above the coast of west Cameroon. It rises from the coast through tropical rainforest to a bare summit which is cold, windy, and occasionally brushed with snow. The massive steep-sided volcano of dominantly basaltic-to-trachybasaltic composition forms a volcanic horst constructed above a basement of Precambrian metamorphic rocks covered with Cretaceous to Quaternary sediments. More than 100 small cinder cones, often fissure-controlled parallel to the long axis of the massive 1,400 km³ (336 mi³) volcano, occur on the flanks and surrounding lowlands. A large satellitic peak, Etinde (also known as Little Mount Cameroon), is located on the southern flank near the coast. Mount Cameroon has the most frequent eruptions of any West African volcanoes. The first written accounts of volcanic activity could be the one from the Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator, who might have observed the mountain in the 5th century BC. Moderate explosive and effusive eruptions have occurred throughout history from both summit and flank vents. A 1922 eruption on the southwestern flank produced a lava flow that reached the Atlantic coast, and a lava flow from a 1999 south-flank eruption stopped only 200 m (660 ft) from the sea, cutting the coastal highway.

The peak can be reached by hikers, while the annual Mount Cameroon Race of Hope scales the peak in around 4½ hours.

English explorer Mary Kingsley, one of the first Europeans to scale the mountain, recounts her expedition in her 1897 memoir Travels in West Africa.

See also

• List of volcanoes in Cameroon

Notes

References

• DeLancey, Mark W., and Mark Dike DeLancey (2000): Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press.
• "Cameroon". Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0204-01=. Retrieved 2009-01-14 

External links

• Mount Cameroon Research Foundation