myositis

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Inflammation of a muscle, especially a voluntary muscle, characterized by pain, tenderness, and sometimes spasm in the affected area.

An inflammation of muscle tissue, usually of the voluntary muscles. Causes of myositis include infection, trauma, and infestation by parasites.

For more information on myositis, visit Britannica.com.

Inflammation of a muscle.

Inflammation of a voluntary muscle. Causes heat, swelling, pain and lameness if a limb is affected. Trauma is the common cause, especially in racing and work horses. Blackleg is a specific myositis. See also polymyositis.

• atrophic m. — a form of masticatory myositis in dogs. There is a chronic, progressive atrophy and fibrosis of the masticatory muscles of dogs which finally makes it impossible for the mouth to be opened wider than a few inches.
• eosinophilic m. — 1. a form of masticatory myositis seen in German shepherd dogs. It is acute, often recurrent, and there is painful, bilaterally symmetrical swelling of the masticatory muscles, mainly temporals and masseters. Often there is an eosinophilia found in the hemogram. Occasionally other muscles are also involved. There is a progressive atrophy and fibrosis of the muscles, frequently resulting in an inability to open the mouth. In the latter it may be confused clinically with atrophic myositis (above).
— 2. a lesion found at meat inspection. It reduces the value of the carcass. The cause is unknown.
• familial m. — see canine familial dermatomyositis.
• m. fibrosa — a type in which there is formation of connective tissue in the muscle.
• masticatory m. — see atrophic myositis and eosinophilic myositis (above).
• maxillary m. — a slowly developing myogenic degeneration of the muscles of the jaw in horses.
• multiple m. — polymyositis.
• m. ossificans — a generalized myositis with dystrophic ossification in muscle. It occurs in pigs, in which it may be familial, and rarely in dogs and cats.
• trichinous m. — caused by the presence of Trichinella spiralis.

Myositis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	M60.
ICD-9	729.1
OMIM	160750
DiseasesDB	29473
MedlinePlus	001245
MeSH	D009220

Myositis is a general term for inflammation of the muscles. Many such conditions are considered likely to be caused by autoimmune conditions, rather than directly due to infection (although autoimmune conditions can be activated or exacerbated by infections.) It is also a documented side effect of the lipid-lowering drugs statins and fibrates.

Elevation of creatine kinase in blood is indicative of myositis.

Types

Types of myositis include:

• myositis ossificans
• fibromyositis
• idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
  • dermatomyositis
    • juvenile dermatomyositis
  • polymyositis
  • inclusion body myositis
• pyomyositis

See also

• myopathy (muscle disease)
• myalgia (muscle pain)
• Masticatory muscle myositis (a disease in dogs)

External links

• The Myositis Association
• NIH
• FAQ
• Arthritis.org
• The Johns Hopkins Myositis Center

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v • d • e Myopathy (M60-M63, 728-729) Myopathy Myalgia/Myositis Pyomyositis Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) Muscle weakness Rhabdomyolysis see also neoplasia, systemic connective tissue disorders

v • d • e Inflammation Acute Plasma derived mediators Bradykinin · complement (C3, C5a, MAC) · coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin) Cell derived mediators preformed: Lysosome granules · vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin) synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) · eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) · Nitric oxide · Kinins Chronic Macrophage · Epithelioid cell · Giant cell · Granuloma Processes Traditional: Rubor · Calor · Tumor · Dolor (pain) · Functio laesa Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever · Vasodilation · Increased vascular permeability · Exudate · Leukocyte extravasation · Chemotaxis Specific types Nervous CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis) Cardiovascular Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis, Capillaritis) Respiratory upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) · lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis) · Mediastinitis Digestive mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis, Cheilitis, Pulpitis, Gnathitis) · tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) · accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) · Peritonitis Integumentary Dermatitis (Folliculitis) · Hidradenitis Musculoskeletal Arthritis · Dermatomyositis · soft tissue (Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis) Osteochondritis: Osteitis (Spondylitis, Periostitis) · Chondritis Urinary Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) · Ureteritis · Cystitis · Urethritis Reproductive female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis Endocrine Insulitis · Hypophysitis · Thyroiditis · Parathyroiditis · Adrenalitis

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