The capital and largest city of Chad, in the southwest part of the country on the Shari River. Founded by the French in 1900, it was renamed in 1973. Population: 721,000.
N'djamena
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N'Dja·me·na or N'dja·me·na or Ndja·me·na (ən-jä'mə-nə)  |
The capital and largest city of Chad, in the southwest part of the country on the Shari River. Founded by the French in 1900, it was renamed in 1973. Population: 721,000.
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Ndjamena (ənjä'mānä), formerly Fort-Lamy (fôr-lämē'), city (1993 urban pop. 213,342), capital of Chad and of Chari-Baguirmi prefecture, SW Chad. It is a port on the Chari River and a transportation hub that lies on roads leading to Nigeria, Sudan, and the Central African Republic. Ndjamena is primarily an administrative center. It is also a major regional market for livestock, salt, dates, and grains. Meat processing is the chief industry. The city was founded as Fort-Lamy by the French in 1900. During a period of civil war in the 1960s the town was occupied by Libyan forces. Its name was changed to Ndjamena in 1973. In 2006 and 2008 the city was the scene of several days of fighting between goverment and rebel forces. The city has schools of administration and veterinary medicine and an international airport.
| Weather: N'djamena |
| Local Time: N'Djamena, Chad |
| Wikipedia: N'Djamena |
| N'Djamena نجامينا Nijāmīnā |
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  N'Djamena
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| Coordinates: 12°6′47″N 15°2′57″E / 12.11306°N 15.04917°E | |||
| Country |  Chad |
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| Region | Chari-Baguirmi | ||
| Department | |||
| Sub-Prefecture | N'Djamena | ||
| Elevation | 978 ft (298 m) | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| - Total | 993,492 | ||
| Time zone | +1 | ||
N'Djamena (pronounced /ɨndʒəˈmeɪnə/, Arabic نجامينا Nijāmīnā), population 721,000 (2005), is the capital city of Chad. It is also the largest city in the country. A port on the Chari River, near the confluence with the Logone River, it directly faces the Cameroonian town of Kousséri, to which the city is connected by a bridge. It is also a special statute region, divided in 10 arrondissements. It is a regional market for livestock, salt, dates, and grains. Meat processing is the chief industry.
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History
N'Djamena was founded as Fort-Lamy by French commander Émile Gentil on May 29, 1900, and named after Amédée-François Lamy, an army officer who had been killed in the Battle of Kousséri a few days earlier. Its name was changed to N'Djamena (taken from the Arab name of a nearby village, Niǧāmīnā, meaning "place of rest") by the President François Tombalbaye on April 6, 1973, as part of his authenticité program of Africanization.
Fort Lamy received its first bank branch only in 1950, when the Bank of West Africa (BAO) finally opened a branch there.
The city was partly destroyed during the Chadian Civil War, in 1979 and again in 1980. Many southern, Chadian inhabitants fled at the time, but the population has since regrown strongly. The city had only 9,976 inhabitants in 1937, but a decade later, in 1947, the population had almost doubled at 18,435. After independence in 1968 the population reached 126,483. In 1993 it surpassed half a million with 529,555.
On April 13, 2006, a rebel United Front for Democratic Change attack on the city was defeated.[1] (See Battle of N'Djamena (2006))
The city was once again attacked on February 2, 2008, by UFDD and RFC rebels.[2] (See Battle of N'Djamena (2008))
Demographics
The population growth is shown below:-
- 1937 : 9,976
- 1940 : 12,552
- 1947 : 18,375
- 1968 : 126,483
- 1993 : 529,555
- 2005 : 721,000
- 2008 : 860,000 (est.)
- 2009 : 993,492
A variety of religions are practiced in the city, but with a clear Islamic predominance. The main ethnic groups are Ngambaye (16.41%), Chadian Arabs (11.08%), Hadjerai (9.15%), Daza (6.97%), Bilala (5.83%), Kanembu (5.80%), Maba (4.84%), Kanuri (4.39%), Gor (3.32%), Kuka (3.20%), Sara (2.24%), and Barma (2.10%).
Geography
N'Djamena is located at 12°6'47" N, 15°2'57" E.
While primarily an administrative center, the city includes the Nassara Strip commercial centre and residential areas such as Mbololo, Chagoua, Paris Congo and Moursal. The main commercial avenue of the city is the Avenue Charles de Gaulle.
Tourism
Attractions in the city include the Chad National Museum, a cathedral and several mosques. Views of sunset across the Chari River can also be spectacular.
Education
N'Djamena have two universities: University of N'Djamena in French as a studying language built 1971 and King Faisal University - Chad in Arabic as a studying language[3] built 1991, a number of secondary schools (including the long established Lycée Félix Éboué and Lycée technique commercial), and the American International School of N'Djamena.
Transport
The city is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Sahelian Highway, and is linked to East Africa by the Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway. The Tripoli-Cape Town Highway also passes through N'Djamena, making it a key Central African location in the Trans-African Highway network. Ndjamena is linked by road bridge to Kousseri in Cameroon.
N'Djamena International Airport (IATA code NDJ) is located on the outskirts of the city.
Historically, N'Djamena's main link to the exterior was by river boat up the Chari and Logone rivers but these now carry little trade.
The city has no railway links, however railway are proposed in the AfricaRail project.
Climate
| Weather data for N'Djamena | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 42 (108) |
43 (109) |
44 (111) |
46 (115) |
44 (111) |
43 (109) |
41 (106) |
36 (97) |
37 (99) |
39 (102) |
40 (104) |
38 (100) |
46 (115) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 34 (93) |
37 (99) |
40 (104) |
42 (108) |
40 (104) |
38 (100) |
33 (91) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
36 (97) |
36 (97) |
33 (91) |
36 (97) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14 (57) |
16 (61) |
21 (70) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
17 (63) |
14 (57) |
20 (68) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
16 (61) |
17 (63) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
14 (57) |
11 (52) |
8 (46) |
8 (46) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
3 (0.12) |
31 (1.22) |
66 (2.6) |
170 (6.69) |
320 (12.6) |
119 (4.69) |
36 (1.42) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
745 (29.33) |
| Source: BBC Weather [4] 2009-08-18 | |||||||||||||
Gallery
The following pictures are undated but were all probably taken in the 1960s.
 Boulevard in N'Djamena. |
 Streets of N'Djamena. |
 Beach on Chari River at N'Djamena. |
 Temporary radio station used by NOAA near N'Djamena. |
Twin cities
Notes
- ^ BBC: UN condemns rebel attack in Chad
- ^ "Rebels clash with Chadian forces inside capital". February 2, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22962528.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Average Conditions Ndjamena, Chad". BBC Weather. http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000130. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
- ^ (Russian) "Российско-чадские отношения". Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 16 February 2009. http://www.mid.ru/ns-rafr.nsf/89414576079db559432569d8002421fc/d6d8fcf1a1c7ad25c32571210044bea9?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
External links
Find more about N'Djamena on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity- Map of N'Djamena
- Best travel guide
- Photo 1 Photo 2 Photo 3
- http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html
- FallingRain Map - elevation = 298m
Coordinates: 12°06′43″N 15°02′06″E / 12.112°N 15.035°E
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| Translations: N'Djamena |
Français (French)
n. - N'Djamena
Deutsch (German)
n. - N'Djamena
Português (Portuguese)
n. - N'Djamena
Español (Spanish)
n. - N'Djamena
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
恩贾梅纳
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 恩將納
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - אנג'אמנה
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| Battle of N'Djamena |
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more |
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| Weather. © 2008 AccuWeather, Inc. Read more |
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| Local Time. Copyright © 2009 - Chaos Software. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "N'Djamena". Read more |
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Mentioned in
- Fort Lamy
- Chad (country of north-central Africa)
- Battle of N'Djamena
- Chad Cup
