N M Rothschild & Sons

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Incorporated: 1799
NAIC: 523110 Investment Banking and Securities Dealing

United Kingdom banker N M Rothschild & Sons Ltd. is one of the last remaining of the great family-controlled banking dynasties established in the 19th century. Dwarfed by its larger, public rivals, Rothschild nonetheless remains a mythical name in the banking world. N M Rothschild provides banking and treasury financing services, treasury metals, and resource banking, including a central position in the world bullion markets, investment banking services (together with its joint-venture partnership with ABN AMRO), and risk management services. Since the 1990s, N M Rothschild has been taking steps to consolidate the operations of the various and far-flung Rothschild financial operations, most of which operate as subsidiaries under the Rothschild family-controlled Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG, established in Switzerland in the early part of the 20th century to protect the family's ownership of its banking empire. N M Rothschild has also been working in close cooperation with the--independent--Paris branch of Rothschild banking interests, Rothschild & Cie, led by David de Rothschild, who also functions as deputy chairman of N M Rothschild and is the heir-apparent to chairman and long-time leader Evelyn de Rothschild.

The Rothschild banking dynasty began in Frankfurt, Germany's, Jewish ghetto in the mid-18th century when patriach Meyer Aemschel Rothschild set up a small antiques business. Rothschild's interests quickly expanded to include textiles, and then financial interests. Among the Rothschild family's clients was the Elector of Hesse-Cassel; providing asset management services to the Elector was to give the family the capital to develop itself as one of the world's great banking families. As the century drew to an end, the now-wealthy Rothschild sent four of his five sons (the oldest remained in Frankfurt) to settle in Europe's capital cities to develop the family's fortunes.

Nathan Rothschild traveled to Manchester, England, where he set out to develop the family's textiles business. Born in 1777, Nathan Rothschild grew to become the main force behind the growth of the Rothschild dynasty--even his brothers referred to him as the 'commanding general' of the family's interests. Rothschild quickly built up a successful commercial trade, expanding from textiles into a variety of products. At the same time, Rothschild began operating as a moneylender, and it was this latter activity that captured his greatest interest. By 1806, Rothschild decided to set up a full-fledged financial services firm in London and opened his first offices in that city in 1808. The following year, N M Rothschild opened at its New Court location, which remained the firm's home into the 20th century. By 1811, Rothschild sold off his Manchester operations to concentrate fully on his banking interests.

The Rothschild brothers remained a close-knit family, cooperating extensively as they built the different branches of the family's empire. A primary factor in the Rothschild's success was Nathan Rothschild's inauguration of a private courier service. The ability to share information quickly among the major European capitals was a distinct advantage to the Rothschilds, particularly given the great political and industrial upheavals of the period.

The Napoleanic Wars provided Nathan Rothschild with the foundation of the dynasty's wealth. By providing funds to the allies and funding Wellington's army, Rothschild became largely responsible for the victory at Waterloo. The brothers' courier service operated so efficiently that Nathan Rothschild received news of Napoleon's defeat a full day before the British government. The family's financial backing of the war effort led them to become official banking for many European governments and royal families--the family's financial clout even extended to the Vatican, which turned to the Rothschilds for a loan in 1830. N M Rothschild came to the British government's aide again in 1825 when it provided a loan to the Bank of England that prevented the collapse of the entire British banking system. At this time N M Rothschild also began pursuing interests outside of the United Kingdom and Europe, establishing operations in Brazil. Less successful for the family was its attempt to enter the United States; the lack of a significant Rothschild presence in North America was to come to haunt the company in the 20th century as the balance of financial power shifted to the United States.

The next generation of Rothschilds--which had by then been granted noble status, adding the 'de' to the family name--took over the family empire in the mid-1800s. Nathan Rothschild himself had died in 1836. The family came to play a primary role in the building of Europe's railway system, transforming the continent and the United Kingdom and providing the motor to the Industrial Revolution. With N M Rothschild providing much of the financial backing, the Rothschild brothers helped inaugurate the railway systems of Austria, France, and Belgium. Highlighting the banking group's importance to the British government was the appointment of N M Rothschild as head of the Royal Mint Refinery in 1852, a position the company held for more than 100 years.

New glory came the family after it helped organized the early repayment of France's indemnity to Prussia after the Franco-Prussian war in 1871. N M Rothschild in turn proved central to Britain's foreign interests when it provided a £4 million loan to the government to acquire a controlling share of the Suez Canal. In South Africa, Rothschild helped cement the De Beer family's control of the world's diamond interests; the bank also provided funding for Britain's first telephone companies in the 1890s.

If the Rothschild name had become synonymous with European finance in the 19th century--and remained one of the leading financial names worldwide--N M Rothschild was nevertheless to lose much of its prominence through the 20th century. Its inability to establish a strong position in the United States market, the appearance of new, larger rivals and the lack of cohesion of succeeding generations placed the company in a more marginal position. Losing out to its United States rivals during the World War I, the family was devastated during the World War II, which saw much of its operations captured by the Nazi regime. By then, the family had already moved to protect most of its assets, setting up the Switzerland-based holding company, Rothschild Continuation Holdings. Controlled at 75 percent by the Rothschild (with the N M Rothschild branch holding some 50 percent), Rothschild Continuation Holdings was later to provide an umbrella arm to the gradual consolidation of the various Rothschild family interests, begun at the close of the century.

Although unable to regain its former glory as a financier to kings, Rothschild remained a force in the financial world, redefining itself as a quality financial services partner rather than emphasizing quantity. Rothschild continued to play a leading role in industrial development, such as its creation of the British Newfoundland Corporation, which was formed in 1852 to develop timber, mining, and hydroelectric power interests in a 60,000-square-mile area in that Canadian province. N M Rothschild continued to expand its international operations, opening subsidiaries in Australia and in Guernsey in the 1960s, and then in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Chile in the 1970s.

N M Rothschild restructured itself as a private limited company in 1970. The Rothschild family's interests then came under the leadership of Evelyn Rothschild, whose guidance of N M Rothschild continued into the 20th century. Often criticized for his conservative leadership of the banking firm, Rothschild nonetheless helped prevent the company from investing to heavily in the South American markets and maintained a cool head during the frenzied British financial market of the late 1980s. The company also carefully avoided the diversification moves--granted during the British financial reforms in that decade--that brought about the downfall of many of its fellow family-owned financial firms. Indeed, by the mid-1990s, with the collapse of Baring and Warburgs, N M Rothschilds remained one of the last of the world's great independent, family-operated financial firms.

N M Rothschild found plenty of work in the great wave of British privatization that swept the country during the late 1980s. The company was involved in a number of the country's most ambitious privatization programs, including the £5.6 billion privatization of British Gas in 1986, the exit of the British government from British Petroleum in 1987, and the privatization of the United Kingdom's water and sewage industry in 1989. At the same time, N M Rothschild, while remaining true to its family-owned and independent status, nonetheless made moves to establish itself as a globally operating entity capable of competing with the financial industry's heavyweights. As such N M Rothschild bolstered its international presence, consolidating its United States operations under the single Rothschild Inc. entity, based in New York, in 1981 and establishing separate Canadian operations with its Rothschild Canada Inc. subsidiary. The firm also opened offices in Germany and Italy at the end of the decade.

During the 1990s, N M Rothschild began making stronger moves to draw together the various elements of the Rothschilds' empire. One of the last of these was the highly successful Paris-based banking arm, Rothschild & Cie., which retained its independent status. This business, led by David de Rothschild, had been created in the mid-1980s as France's banking industry shrugged off the ill-fated nationalization of the country's commercial banking system under the Socialist government in the early 1980s. The former Banque de Rothschild had been nationalized in 1982. Two years later, Baron Guy de Rothschild and son David took the compensation they had received--about 80 million--and started a new investment banking firm, Paris-Orleans Finance. It was not until 1986, however, that the French Rothschilds were granted a new banking license and the right to restore the family's name to their bank, as the French banking industry once again became privatized.

David de Rothschild quickly took the lead in rebuilding Rothschild & Cie, transforming it into a new French financial powerhouse and one of the driving forces behind many of the country's largest business deals through the next decade. When Evelyn de Rothschild began to look toward consolidating the family's banking interests, he tapped David de Rothschild to become N M Rothschild's deputy chairman in 1992, establishing his younger cousin as his heir apparent. That position was reinforced in 1996, when N M Rothschild engaged in a restructuring of its global operations, reorganizing its businesses around five main product lines: resource banking and treasury operations; investment banking; asset management; development capital; and private banking and trust management services. At the same time the Rothschild operations set up a group investment banking committee charged with coordinating the global financial business of the Rothschild empire. David de Rothschild was named as head of the new committee. Also in that year, N M Rothschild established a joint venture with Dutch bank ABN AMRO to compete for contracts in the world's equity markets. By 1999, that venture--ABN AMRO Rothschild--was completing deals worth more than $125 billion per year.

In the late 1990s, N M Rothschild client-intensive approach paid off as the group became an important player in the booming European market for mergers and acquisitions. The firm took part in such important deals as the launch of EADS, the European aerospace group created from the merger of France's Aerospatiale, Spain's CASA, and Germany's DASA. N M Rothschild was also an advisor on the massive restructuring of Deutsche Telekom, valued at more than $15 billion; the firm also backed England's National Grid Group in its $8.9 billion takeover of Niagara Mohawk Holdings in the United States, while playing a supporting role in the takeover of Mannesmann by Vodaphone, worth more than $200 billion.

As the company celebrated more than 200 years of operations at the heart of the world's financial markets, N M Rothschild continued to explore new frontiers. In 1999 the company announced its plans to extend the ABN AMRO Rothschild joint venture to cover the lucrative market for initial public offerings in the United States. Closer to home, N M Rothschild announced its intention to establish subsidiary operations in Birmingham, England, to bring the company closer to the region's growing market of small and mid-sized companies. That subsidiary was expected to begin operations in early 2001.

Principal Subsidiaries

ABN AMRO Rothschild (50%); Banco BICE (Chile); N M Rothschild & Sons Ltd.; N M Rothschild & Sons (Australia) Ltd.; N M Rothschild & Sons (Hong Kong) Ltd; Rothschild Bank AG (Switzerland); Rothschild Europe BV (Netherlands); Rothschild GmbH (Germany); Rothschild Japan KK; Rothschild North America, Inc. (U.S.).

Principal Competitors

ABN AMRO Holding N.V.; AXA Financial, Inc.; The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Ltd.; Barclays PLC; Citigroup Inc.; Credit Suisse Group; ; Deutsche Bank AG; Dresdner Bank AG; The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.; ING Groep N.V.; J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.; Lazard LLC; Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc; Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.; Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co.; Salomon Smith Barney Holdings Inc.; UBS AG.

Further Reading

Cunningham, Sarah, 'A Patrician in the Nescafe World,' European, May 16, 1996, p. 36.

Moutet, Anne-Elisabeth, 'The Crown Prince at the House of Rothschild,' European, October 31, 1996, p. 23.

N M Rothschild & Sons, London: N M Rothschild, 1999.

Rodgers, Peter, 'Rothschild Dynasty Plans Global Shake-Up,' Independent, October 1, 1996, p. 16.

Rossant, John, and Stanley Reed, 'The Rothschilds Are on a Roll,' Business Week International, December 11, 2000, p. 64.

------, 'Rothschild Has Big Plans for Branch,' Birmingham Post, December 21, 2000, p. 17.

— M.L. Cohen

N M Rothschild & Sons

Type	Subsidiary
Industry	Financial services
Founded	London, England, UK (1811)
Founder(s)	Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Headquarters	London, England, UK
Key people	Baron David de Rothschild, Chairman
Products	Investment banking Corporate banking Private equity Asset management Private banking
Operating income	£468.3 million (31 March 2010)[1]
Net income	£136.2 million (31 March 2010)[1]
Total assets	£3,231.2 million (31 March 2010)[1]
Employees	1,194 (31 March 2010)[1]
Parent	Paris Orléans
Website	www.rothschild.com

N M Rothschild & Sons (more commonly known simply as Rothschild) is a private investment banking company, belonging to the Rothschild family. It was founded in the City of London in 1811 and is now a global firm with 50 offices around the world.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early 19th century 1.2 Late 19th century 1.3 20th and 21st centuries 2 Operations 2.1 Overview 2.2 Divisions 2.3 Corporate structure 2.4 New Court headquarters 2.5 Office locations 3 Awards 4 Notable current and former employees 4.1 Business 4.2 Politics and public service 4.3 Armed forces 5 References 6 Books 7 External links

History

In the late 18th century and early 19th century, Mayer Amschel Rothschild rose to become one of Europe's most powerful bankers in the principality of Hesse-Kassel (Hesse-Cassel) in the Holy Roman Empire. In pursuit of expansion, he appointed his sons to start banking operations in the various capitals of Europe, including sending his third son, Nathan Mayer Rothschild, to England. Nathan Mayer Rothschild first settled in Manchester, where he established a business in finance and textile trading. He later moved to London, where he founded N M Rothschild & Sons in 1811, through which he made a fortune with his involvement in the government bonds market.

According to historian Niall Ferguson, "For most of the nineteenth century, N M Rothschild was part of the biggest bank in the world which dominated the international bond market. For a contemporary equivalent, one has to imagine a merger between Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, J P Morgan and probably Goldman Sachs too — as well, perhaps, as the International Monetary Fund, given the nineteen-century Rothschild's role in stabilising the finances of numerous governments."

Early 19th century

During the early part of the 19th century, the Rothschild London bank took a leading part in managing and financing the subsidies that the British government transferred to its allies during the Napoleonic Wars. Through the creation of a network of agents, couriers and shippers, the bank was able to provide funds to the armies of the Duke of Wellington in Portugal and Spain. In 1818 the Rothschild bank arranged a £5 million loan to the Prussian government and the issuing of bonds for government loans. The providing of other innovative and complex financing for government projects formed a mainstay of the bank's business for the better part of the century. N M Rothschild & Sons' financial strength in the City of London became such that by 1825, the bank was able to supply enough coin to the Bank of England to enable it to avert a liquidity crisis. Like most firms with global operations in the 19th century, Rothschild had links to slavery, even though the firm was instrumental in abolishing it by providing a £15m gilt issue necessary to pass the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833.^[2][3]

Late 19th century

Nathan Mayer's eldest son, Lionel de Rothschild (1808–1879) succeeded him as head of the London branch. Under Lionel the bank financed the British government's 1875 purchase of a controlling interest in the Suez Canal. Lionel also began to invest in railways as his uncle James had been doing in France. In 1869, Lionel's son, Alfred de Rothschild (1842–1918), became a director of the Bank of England, a post he held for 20 years. Alfred was one of those who represented the British Government at the 1892 International Monetary Conference in Brussels.

The Rothschild bank funded Cecil Rhodes in the development of the British South Africa Company and Leopold de Rothschild (1845–1917) administered Rhodes's estate after his death in 1902 and helped to set up the Rhodes Scholarship scheme at Oxford University. In 1873 de Rothschild Frères in France and N M Rothschild & Sons of London joined with other investors to acquire the Spanish government's money-losing Rio Tinto copper mines. The new owners restructured the company and turned it into a profitable business. By 1905, the Rothschild interest in Rio Tinto amounted to more than 30 percent. In 1887, the French and English Rothschild banking houses loaned money to, and invested in, the De Beers diamond mines in South Africa, becoming its largest shareholders.

20th and 21st centuries

The First World War marked a change of fortune and emphasis for Rothschild. After the War, the Rothschild banks began a steady transition towards advisory work and finance raising for commercial concerns, including the London Underground. In 1938, the Austrian Rothschilds’ interests were seized by the Nazis, bringing to an end more than a century at the heart of Central European banking. In France and Austria, the family was scattered for the duration of the Second World War. After the war, the British and French banks committed themselves to further developing their new operation in the United States, which was eventually to become Rothschild Inc, and increased focus on mergers and acquisitions and asset management.

In the twentieth century, Rothschild developed into a preeminent global organisation, which enhanced its ability to secure key advisory roles in some of the most important, complex and recognizable mergers and acquisitions. In the 1980s, Rothschild took a leading role in the international phenomenon of privatisation, where the company was involved from the beginning and developed a pioneering role which spread out to over thirty countries worldwide. In recent years, Rothschild advised on nearly a thousand completed mergers and acquisitions, having a cumulative value in excess of US$1 trillion. Next to this, Rothschild also advised on some of the largest and most high-profile corporate restructurings around the world. Today the price of gold is still fixed, twice a day,^[4] at 10.30 am and 3.00 pm at the premises of N M Rothschild by the world's main Bullion Houses: Deutsche Bank, HSBC, ScotiaMocatta and Societe Generale. Informally, the gold fixing provides a recognized rate that is used as a benchmark for pricing the majority of gold products and derivatives throughout the world's markets. Every day at 1030 and 1500 local time, five representatives of the banks meet in a small room at Rothschild's London headquarters on St Swithin's Lane. In the centre is the chairperson, who is traditionally appointed by the Rothschild bank, although the bank itself has largely withdrawn from trading.^[4]

Operations

Overview

Rothschild is consistently in the top 10 global investment banks for mergers and acquisitions (M&A) advisory. According to Thomson Financial data, Rothschild ranked as 6th biggest mergers and acquisitions adviser for completed deals worldwide in 2011.^[5] The firm is particularly strong in Europe, especially in the UK, France, Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries, in each of which Rothschild consistently holds a top league table position. Rothschild's strength also extends to Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Americas Latin America.

The firm competes against a wide range of investment banks, from conglomerates like Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan, to other M&A specialists like Lazard, Greenhill & Co. and Houlihan Lokey in M&A valuation and restructuring advisory services.

Divisions

Rothschild operates through three divisions:

• Global financial advisory
• Corporate banking
• Private banking and trust

Next to these three main divisions, Rothschild is also active in real estate, venture capital, and asset management.

Corporate structure

In the twentieth century, the London banking house continued under the management of Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (1882–1942) and his brother Anthony Gustav de Rothschild (1887–1961) and then to Sir Evelyn Robert de Rothschild (b.1931). In 1970, the firm converted from a partnership to a limited liability company.^[6] In 2003, following Sir Evelyn's retirement as head of N M Rothschild & Sons of London, it merged with Paris Orleans SA under the leadership of the Swiss-based Rothschild Continuation holdings, chaired by Baron David de Rothschild.

The Rothschild group went through a major restructuring the early twenty-first century. N M Rothschild & Sons is now the operating company in the UK. It is indirectly controlled by the main Rothschild holding company, Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG, registered in Zug, Switzerland. 72.5% of Rothschild Continuation Holdings is^[7] controlled by the Dutch-registered Concordia BV. Concordia is wholly controlled by the English and French Rothschilds.^[6] Until 2008, the only non-family interest was Jardine Matheson, a hong which holds the other 20% of Rothschild Continuation Holdings. The stake was acquired in 2005 from Royal & Sun Alliance through the Jardine Strategic subsidiary, which specializes in leveraging stakes to protect family owners.^[8] Jardines acted as Rothschilds' China agent from 1838 onwards. However, on 19 November 2008, Rabobank announced it intended to acquire 7.5% of Rothschild Continuation Holdings, ostensibly to cement an alliance in food and agricultural finance.^[9] FT Alphaville claimed that the move was intended to help Rothschild gain access to a wider capital pool, and enlarge its presence in East Asian markets.^[10]

New Court headquarters

Rothschild's headquarters in London have been continuously located at the same site over the past two centuries, at New Court, St. Swithin's Lane. In the 1950s, the firm outgrew its New Court headquarters and took up space in nearby Chetwynd House. Eventually, in October 1962, at the suggestion of Evelyn Robert de Rothschild, the firm demolished New Court and built a 6-story glass-and-steel building on the same site.

In the 1980s and 1990s, Rothschild outgrew its New Court headquarters for a second time, and now operates out of several buildings on St. Swithin's Lane, including 1 King William Street, which was originally the site of the first Gresham Club. As before, the firm has decided to demolish the New Court and build a taller 15-story glass-and-steel building, again on the same site. This third incarnation of New Court was designed by Rem Koolhaas and will provide 20,992 square metres of office space (with associated plant, servicing and car parking). The new building will open up views of St Stephen Walbrook church from its lobby, and views of the London skyline from a roof-top "sky pavilion".^[11] Construction will take place over a 30-month period from March 2008 to August 2010, so the building will be completed shortly after Rothschild celebrates its 200-year anniversary.

Office locations

Amsterdam Athens Auckland Barcelona Beijing Bermuda Birmingham British Virgin Islands Brussels Budapest Calgary Cayman Islands Delhi Dubai

Frankfurt Guernsey Geneva Hanoi Hong Kong Israel Istanbul Jakarta Johannesburg Kuala Lumpur Leeds Lisbon London

Madrid Manchester Manila Melbourne Mexico City Milan Montreal Moscow Mumbai New York City Paris Port Moresby

Rome Santiago São Paulo Shanghai Singapore Stockholm Sydney Tokyo Toronto Warsaw Washington, D.C. Zurich

Awards

Rothschild has received many awards in recognition of its M&A and restructuring advisory in various countries from Acquisitions Monthly, Financial Times Mergermarket, Financial News, and Euromoney.

Notable current and former employees

(excluding many notable members of the Rothschild family)

Business

• René-Pierre Azria - Director of Jarden Corporation; Managing Director of Blackstone Indosuez
• Dominic Barton - Worldwide Managing Director of McKinsey & Company
• Franco Bernabè - CEO of Telecom Italia; Director of PetroChina
• Michel de Carvalho - Vice-Chairman of Investment Banking of Citigroup; Director of Heineken International
• José María Castellano - CEO of Inditex Group
• Sir John Collins - CEO of Shell UK; Chairman of National Power
• Alfonso Cortina - Chairman and CEO of Repsol
• Douglas Daft - Chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company; Director of The McGraw-Hill Companies
• Russell Edey - Director of Old Mutual; Chairman of AngloGold Ashanti
• Dudley Eustace - Chairman of The Nielsen Company, Vice-Chairman of Royal Philips Electronics
• Pehr G. Gyllenhammar - Chairman of Aviva; Founder of European Round Table of Industrialists
• Jay Hambro - CIO of [Petropavlovsk]; CEO of Aricom
• Sir Graham Hearne - Deputy Chairman of Gallaher Group; Chairman and CEO of Enterprise Oil
• Henry Keswick - Chairman of Jardine Matheson Holdings; Director of Mandarin Oriental
• James Lawrence - Chairman of L.E.K. Consulting; CFO of Unilever
• Lord Leach of Fairford - Director of Jardine Matheson Holdings; Chairman of Open Europe
• Sir Carl Meyer - Deputy Chairman of De Beers; Governor of the National Bank of Egypt
• Baron Moser - Chairman of British Museum; Chairman Economist Intelligence Unit
• Paul Myners - Chairman of Guardian Media Group; Chairman of Marks & Spencer
• Robert S. Pirie - Senior Managing Director of Bear Stearns & Co.
• Gerald Rosenfeld - Head of Investment Banking of Lazard
• Wilbur Ross - Famous investor and billionaire
• Trevor C. Rowe - Director of the Australian Stock Exchange; Chairman of United Group; Chairman of Queensland Investment Corporation (QIC)
• Anthony Salz - Senior Partner of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer; Acting Chairman of Board of Governors of the BBC
• Peter Smith - Chairman of Coopers & Lybrand; Chairman of Savills
• Raymond W. Smith - CEO of Bell Atlantic; Chairman of Verizon
• Baron Vallance of Tummel - Vice-Chairman of Royal Bank of Scotland; Chairman of British Telecom

Politics and public service

• Baron George - Governor of the Bank of England (1993–2003)
• Thierry Breton - French Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry (2005–2007)
• Gerhard Schröder - Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
• Liam Byrne - Minister of State at the Home Office (2006–2010); Minister of State at Her Majesty's Treasury (2008–2010)
• John Kingman - Chief Executive of UK Financial Investments Limited
• Baron Lamont of Lerwick - Member of the British Parliament (1972–1997); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1990–93)
• Sir Edwin Leather - Member of the British Parliament (1950–1964); Governor of Bermuda (1973–1977)
• Oliver Letwin - Chairman of the Conservative Research Department; Minister of State for Policy
• René Mayer - President of France (1953)
• Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury - Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (2007–present)
• Georges Pompidou - President of France (1969–1974)
• John Redwood - Member of the British Parliament (1987–present)
• Felix Rohatyn - United States Ambassador to France (1997–2000)
• Baron Wakeham - Leader of the House of Lords (1992–1994); Leader of the House of Commons (1987–1989)

Armed forces

• General Baron Guthrie of Craigiebank - Chief of the General Staff (1994–1997); Chief of the Defence Staff (1997–2001)

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Annual Report 2010
2. ^ Rothschild and Freshfields founders had links to slavery, papers reveal Financial Times, 26 June 2009
3. ^ Rothschilds gained less from slavery than from financing its abolition Financial Times, 30 June 2009
4. ^ ^{a b} "Rothschild to leave gold market". BBC. 2004-04-15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3628971.stm. 
5. ^ "Thomson Reuters 2011 League Table
6. ^ ^{a b} "United Kingdom Credit Analysis: N M Rothschild & Sons Limited" (PDF). Fitch Ratings. 2008. Archived from the original on 20 March 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090327053330/http://www.rothschild.com/investorrelation/articles/Fitch%20NMR%20Nov%2008.pdf. Retrieved 24 April 2012. 
7. ^ As of November 2008 the holding is 80%, but the Rabobank announcement below implies it is in the process of being reduced to 72.5%.
8. ^ Ian Griffiths (2005). "Sale of Rothschild stake secures bank's treasured independence". The Guardian. 
9. ^ "Rothschild and Rabobank establish global food and agri co-operation". Rabobank. 2008. http://www.rabobank.com/content/news/news_archive/020-RothschildandRabobankestablishglobalfoodandagricooperation.jsp. Retrieved 2008-11-20. 
10. ^ "Rothschild sells 7.5% stake to Rabobank". FT Alphaville. 2008. http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2008/11/20/18451/rothschild-sells-75-stake-to-rabobank/. Retrieved 2008-11-20. 
11. ^ "New HQ for NM Rothschild". Oma.eu. 2006-10-13. http://www.oma.eu/index.php?option=com_projects&view=portal&id=381&Itemid=10. Retrieved 2010-07-08. 

Books

• Ferguson, Niall (1999). The House of Rothschild: Volume 1: Money's Prophets: 1798-1848. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 0-14-024084-5. 
• Ferguson, Niall (2000). The House of Rothschild: Volume 2: The World's Banker: 1849-1999. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 0-14-028662-4. 
• Ferguson, Niall (2000). The Cash Nexus: Money and Power in the Modern World, 1700-2000. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 0-465-02325-8. 
• Kaplan, Herbert H. (2006). Nathan Mayer Rothschild and the Creation of a Dynasty: The Critical Years 1806-1816. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5165-0. 

External links

Companies portal

• Official site
• M&A Ranking 2011, Thomson Reuters
• Official site of the Rothschild Archive
• "Rothschild lords it over dealmakers" (Sunday Times article).

v t e Investment banks Bank Divisions of universal banks Bulge bracket Bank of America Merrill Lynch · Barclays · Citi Institutional Clients Group · Credit Suisse · Deutsche Bank Corporate and Investment Bank · J.P. Morgan & Co. (J.P. Morgan Cazenove) · UBS Investment Bank Other BMO Capital Markets · BOC International · BNP Paribas Corporate and Investment Banking · Brown Shipley · CIBC World Markets · CITIC Securities · Commerzbank Corporates & Markets · Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (CLSA) · Daiwa Securities Capital Markets · Harris Williams & Co. · HSBC Global Banking and Markets · ING Commercial Banking · Is Investment · KBC Bank · Korea Development Bank (Daewoo Securities) · Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets · Mitsubishi UFJ Securities · Mizuho Corporate Bank · Natixis · Nomura Securities · RBC Capital Markets · RBS Global Banking & Markets · Société Générale Corporate & Investment Bank · Standard Chartered · TD Securities · UniCredit Corporate & Investment Banking · VTB Capital · Wells Fargo Securities Independents Bulge bracket Goldman Sachs · Morgan Stanley Other Allen & Company · Blackstone Group · Brewin Dolphin · BTG Pactual · Centerview Partners · China International Capital Corporation · Close Brothers Group · Evercore Partners · FBR Capital Markets · Greenhill & Co. · Houlihan Lokey · Investec Bank · Jefferies & Company · Keefe, Bruyette & Woods · Lazard · Macquarie Group · Mediobanca · Moelis & Company · N M Rothschild & Sons · Oppenheimer & Co. · Perella Weinberg Partners · Piper Jaffray · Raymond James Financial · Renaissance Capital · ROTH Capital Partners · Sandler O'Neill and Partners · Stifel Nicolaus · Troika Dialog · William Blair & Company Category  · List

v t e Commercial and retail banks in the United Kingdom Banking in the United Kingdom Barclays Barclays Bank Barclays Wealth Co-operative Banking Group Britannia The Co-operative Bank Smile Unity Trust Bank Grupo Santander Cahoot Cater Allen Santander UK HSBC Holdings First Direct HFC Bank HSBC Bank HSBC Private Bank Lloyds Banking Group1 Bank of Scotland Birmingham Midshires Cheltenham & Gloucester Halifax Intelligent Finance Lloyds TSB Sainsbury's Bank2 National Australia Bank Clydesdale Bank Yorkshire Bank The Royal Bank of Scotland Group3 Adam and Company Child & Co. Coutts & Co. Drummonds Bank National Westminster Bank The Royal Bank of Scotland Ulster Bank Wholly state-owned National Savings and Investments UK Financial Investments Limited Bradford & Bingley4 Northern Rock (Asset Management)4 Other Airdrie Savings Bank Allied Irish Bank (GB) First Trust Bank Anglo Irish Bank Arbuthnot Latham & Co Bank of Ireland Bristol & West Butterfield Bank C. Hoare & Co Close Brothers Group Duncan Lawrie Egg GE Money Handelsbanken Harrods Bank ICICI Bank UK Islamic Bank of Britain Julian Hodge Bank Kingdom Bank Kleinwort Benson Metro Bank Northern Bank OneSavings Bank Raphaels Bank Reliance Bank N M Rothschild & Sons Standard Chartered Tesco Bank Triodos Bank Virgin Money Church House Trust Northern Rock "Big Four" banks are underlined and private banks are shown in italics 1 41% owned by H.M. Government 2 50:50 joint venture with J. Sainsbury plc 3 84% owned by H.M. Government 4 Mortgage assets only

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