Nalchik

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(näl'chĭk) pronunciation

A city of southwest Russia northwest of Vladikavkaz. Founded as a fortress town c. 1818, it is now an industrial center and a health resort. Population: 273,000.


City (pop., 2006 est.: 271,447), southwestern Russia. It lies along the Nalchik River where the river leaves the Caucasian foothills. Founded as a Russian fortress in 1818, it gained importance after the Russian Revolution of 1917. It is a popular holiday, climbing, and health resort, and it has a university and research institute. It contains considerable industry, including engineering and hydrometallurgy.

For more information on Nalchik, visit Britannica.com.

Nalchik (näl'chĭk), city (1989 pop. 235,000), capital of Kabardino-Balkar Republic, S European Russia, on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus. A health and tourist resort, it is the gateway to the Mt. Elbrus region. It also also has considerable industry, notably a molybdenum-tungsten mill; semiconductors, electrical machinery and equipement, and chemicals are also produced. Nalchik was founded in 1817 as a Russian stronghold, and made a city in 1921. In Oct., 2005, the city was the scene of simultaneous attacks by Islamic militants on multiple security targets and the airport that left scores dead; the attackers had links to Chechen rebels.


Local Time:

Nal'chik, Russia

Top

It is 8:08 AM, May 28, in Nal'chik (Russia).

Nalchik (English)
Нальчик (Russian)
Налшык (Circassian)
Нальчик  (Balkar)
-  City[citation needed]  -
Map of Russia - Kabardino-Balkar Republic (2008-03).svg
Location of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic in Russia
Nalchik is located in Kabardino-Balkaria
{{{alt}}}
Nalchik
Location of Nalchik in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617
Coat of Arms of Nalchik.svg
Flag of Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria).png
Coat of arms
Flag
City Day September 1[1]
Administrative status (as of October 2008)
Country Russia
Federal subject Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Administratively subordinated to city of republic significance of Nalchik[2]
Capital of Kabardino-Balkar Republic[citation needed]
Administrative center of city of republic significance of Nalchik[2]
Municipal status (as of January 2011)
Urban okrug Nalchik Urban Okrug[3]
Administrative center of Nalchik Urban Okrug[3]
Head[4] Zalimgeri Khagasov[4]
Representative body City Council[5]
Statistics
Area 150 km2 (58 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2010 Census,
preliminary)
240,095 inhabitants[6]
Rank in 2010 79th
Population (2002 Census) 274,974 inhabitants[7]
Rank in 2002 69th
Density(January 1, 2010) 2,234.3 /km2 (5,787 /sq mi)[8]
Time zone MSK (UTC+04:00)[9]
Founded 1724[citation needed]
Postal code(s) 360000, 360005, 360032, 360901, 360903, 360904[10]
Dialing code(s) +7 8662[11]
Official website
Nalchik on WikiCommons
Sosruko tower in Nalchik
Nalchik Springs

Nalchik (Russian: На́льчик; IPA: [ˈnalʲtɕɪk]; Kabardian: Налшык; Balkar: Нальчик) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania.[12] It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51 sq mi). Population: 240,095 (2010 Census preliminary results);[6] 274,974 (2002 Census);[7] 234,547 (1989 Census).[13]

Contents

History

The territory of modern-day Nalchik was inhabited by native Balkars and Kabardians as far back as 1743, but the modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms. A military settlement was founded on the site in 1838. Nalchik remained relatively unimportant until after the Russian Revolution of 1917, when it was given the status of a city in 1921. It was promoted to become the administrative center of the Kabardian autonomous oblast.

The city is named after the Nalchik River, on the shores of which it is located. The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar (a Turkic language). It is a diminutive of nal, the Turkic and Turkish word for "horseshoe" derived from Arabic (نعل) with the same meaning.[14]

During World War II, Nalchik was occupied by Nazi Germany and Romania[15] between 28 October 1942 to 3 January 1943. The city was heavily damaged during the conflict. Nalchik's Jewish population, mostly "Mountain Jews", remained unharmed, as they were able to blend in easily with their neighbors.[16]

Nalchik was chosen the "second cleanest city of Russia" in 2003.

On October 13, 2005, Nalchik was attacked by a large group of Yarmuk Jamaat militants led by Shamil Basayev and Anzor Astemirov. Buildings associated with the Russian security forces were targeted, killing at least 14 civilians and wounding 115. 35 policemen were killed in the fighting and 89 militants, including prominent leader Ilias Gorchkhanov, were killed while another 59 were arrested.

Administrative and municipal status

Administratively, along with four rural localities, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Nalchik—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[2] Municipally, the city of republic significance of Nalchik is incorporated as Nalchik Urban Okrug.[3]

Ethnic groups

The population of the city includes (2006 data):

Economy and education

Nalchik is a balneological and mountain climatotherapy resort, with several sanatoriums. It also serves as an industrial center of the republic (non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry, construction materials manufacturing, machine building).

Nalchik is home to the following facilities of higher education:

  • Kabardino-Balkar State University[17]
  • Kabardino-Balkar Institute of Business
  • North Caucasian State Institute of Arts[18]
  • Kabardino-Balkar State Agricultural Academy[19]

Climate

Climate data for Nalchik
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 0
(32)
1
(34)
7
(45)
16
(61)
21
(70)
25
(77)
27
(81)
26
(79)
22
(72)
15
(59)
8
(46)
3
(37)
15
(59)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3
(27)
−2
(28)
3
(37)
11
(52)
16
(61)
20
(68)
22
(72)
21
(70)
17
(63)
10
(50)
5
(41)
0
(32)
10
(50)
Average low °C (°F) −7
(19)
−6
(21)
−1
(30)
5
(41)
11
(52)
14
(57)
17
(63)
16
(61)
12
(54)
5
(41)
1
(34)
−4
(25)
5
(41)
Precipitation mm (inches) 22
(0.87)
23
(0.91)
38
(1.5)
63
(2.48)
99
(3.9)
100
(3.94)
72
(2.83)
61
(2.4)
55
(2.17)
43
(1.69)
29
(1.14)
26
(1.02)
631
(24.84)
Avg. precipitation days 6 6 8 9 11 11 9 7 7 7 7 7 95
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69 71 117 141 185 235 222 210 201 153 93 63 1,810
Source no. 1: Gydrometcenter[20]
Source no. 2: City Hall of Nalchik [21]

Sports

PFC Spartak Nalchik is an association football club based in Nalchik, playing in the Russian Premier League. The 2008 World Women's Chess Championship has also been held in Nalchik on August 28–September 18, 2008.[22]

Notable people

Twin towns and sister cities

References

Notes

  1. ^ http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=16
  2. ^ a b c Law #12-RZ
  3. ^ a b c Law #13-RZ
  4. ^ a b "Местная администрация городского округа Нальчик" (in Russian). http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=2. Retrieved October 30, 2010. 
  5. ^ "http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=269&Itemid=17". Nalchik City Council. Nalchik City Council. June 28, 1995. "The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Nalchik is the Nalchik City Council." 
  6. ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  7. ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  8. ^ "Инвестиционный паспорт Кабардино-Балкарии". Investpassport. 2010. http://www.kbr-invest.ru/?p=504. Retrieved 30 October 2010. 
  9. ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
  10. ^ http://postindex.delovoigorod.ru/nalchik/center/
  11. ^ http://www.rt.ru/help-info/mg/index.php?SELECTED_CHAR=%CD
  12. ^ "Dozens die as Russian city raided." BBC. Thursday October 13, 2005. Retrieved on November 8, 2011.
  13. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  14. ^ The Kabardino Balkar Republic, Russian Tourism Ministry
  15. ^ The 3rd Army in the Caucasus - 1942
  16. ^ Amjad M. Jaimoukha, The Circassians: A Handbook (Palgrave, 2001).
  17. ^ "Organisations.Kabardino-Balkar State University". mathnet.ru. http://www.mathnet.ru/php/organisation.phtml?option_lang=eng&orgid=2509. Retrieved September 27, 2009. 
  18. ^ "North-Caucasus State Institute of Arts". Universities, Colleges and Institutes Directory of Russian Federation (Russia) .University-directory.eu. http://www.university-directory.eu/Russian-Federation-(Russia)/North-Caucasus-State-Institute-of-Arts.html. Retrieved September 27, 2009. 
  19. ^ "Federal Education Kabardino-Balkar State Agricultural Academy" (in Russian). Education in Russia. edu.ru. http://www.edu.ru/vuz/list/212/html. Retrieved September 27, 2009. 
  20. ^ "Gydrometcenter: Historical Weather for Nalchik". http://meteoinfo.ru/climate/klimatgorod/1712-1246618396. 
  21. ^ "City Hall of Nalchik : Sundata for Nalchik". June 2011. http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=16. 
  22. ^ "World Women's Championship.World Chess Federation 2008". FIDE. http://www.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/2982-players-undertaking-for-participation-in-the-2008-womens-world-chess-championship. Retrieved September 27, 2009. 

Sources

  • Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Закон №12-РЗ от 27 февраля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №120-РЗ от 19 декабря 2011 г «О внесении изменений в законодательные акты Кабардино-Балкарской Республики в связи с внесением поправок в Конституцию Кабардино-Балкарской Республики». Вступил в силу на следующий день после опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", б/н, 1 марта 2005 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Law #12-RZ of February 27, 2005 On the Administrative and Territorial Structure of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, as amended by the Law #120-RZ of December 19, 2011 On Amending the Legislative Acts of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic Due to the Amendments of the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Effective as of the day following the publication date.).
  • Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Закон №13-РЗ от 27 февраля 2005 г. «Об статусе и границах муниципальных образований в Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №7-РЗ от 18 января 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Кабардино-Балкарской Республики "Об статусе и границах муниципальных образований в Кабардино-Балкарской Республики"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", б/н, 1 марта 2005 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Law #13-RZ of February 27, 2005 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, as amended by the Law #7-RZ of January 18, 2011 On Amending the Law of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic "On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic". Effective as of the day following the official publication date.).

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