
A city of southwest Russia northwest of Vladikavkaz. Founded as a fortress town c. 1818, it is now an industrial center and a health resort. Population: 273,000.
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| Nalchik (English) Нальчик (Russian) Налшык (Kabardian) Нальчик (Balkar) |
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| — Inhabited locality — | |
| Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°ECoordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E | |
Coat of arms |
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| Holiday | September 1[citation needed] |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kabardino-Balkar Republic |
| In administrative jurisdiction of | Kabardino-Balkar Republic[citation needed] |
| Administrative center of | Kabardino-Balkar Republic[citation needed] |
| Municipal status (as of March 2008) | |
| Municipal Status | Urban okrug |
| Representative body | City Council of Local Self-Government[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 131 km2 (50.6 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 274,974 inhabitants[1] |
| - Rank | 69th |
| - Density | 2,099 /km2 (5,400/sq mi)[2] |
| Time zone | MSK/MSD (UTC+3/+4) |
| Founded | 1822[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8662[citation needed] |
Nalchik (Russian: На́льчик; Kabardian: Налшык; Balkar: Нальчик) is a city in the Caucasus region of southern Russia and capital of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. The city is situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,804 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (50.6 sq mi). Population: 274,974 (2002 Census);[3] 234,547 (1989 Census).[4]
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The territory of modern-day Nalchik was inhabited by native Balkars and Kabardians as far back as 1743, but the modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms. A military settlement was founded on the site in 1838. Nalchik remained relatively unimportant until after the Russian Revolution of 1917, when it was given the status of a city in 1921. It was promoted to become the administrative center of the Kabardian autonomous oblast.
The city is named after the Nalchik River, on the shores of which it is located. The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar (a Turkic language). It is a diminutive of nal, the Turkic and Turkish word for "horseshoe" derived from Arabic (نعل) with the same meaning.[5]
During World War II, Nalchik was occupied by Nazi Germany and Romania[6] between 28 October 1942 to 3 January 1943. The city was heavily damaged during the conflict. Nalchik's Jewish population, mostly "Mountain Jews", remained unharmed, as they were able to blend in easily with their neighbors.[7]
Nalchik was chosen the "second cleanest city of Russia" in 2003.
Population of the city include (2006 data):
Nalchik is a balneological and mountain climatotherapy resort, with several sanatoriums. It also serves as an industrial center of the republic (non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry, construction materials manufacturing, machine building).
Nalchik is home to the following facilities of higher education:
PFC Spartak Nalchik is a football club based in Nalchik, playing in the Russian Premier League. The 2008 World Women's Chess Championship has also been held in Nalchik, 28 August - 18 September 2008.[11]
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| Shkhara (mountain, Russia/Georgia) | |
| Yuri Temirkanov | |
| Kabardino-Balkar Republic (republic, Russia) |
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