The National Park of American Samoa

National Park of American Samoa
IUCN Category II (National Park)
Location	American Samoa, USA
Nearest city	Pago PagoNearest city: Pago Pago
Coordinates	14°15′30″S 170°41′0″W / 14.25833°S 170.68333°W / -14.25833; -170.68333Coordinates: 14°15′30″S 170°41′0″W / 14.25833°S 170.68333°W / -14.25833; -170.68333
Area	9000 acres (36 km²)
Established	October 31, 1988 Established: October 31, 1988
Visitors	6,774; 1,239; 1,938 (in  2007; 2006; 2002 [1])
Governing body	National Park Service
Website	National Park of American Samoa

The National Park of American Samoa is a national park on the American territory of American Samoa, distributed across three separate islands: Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Ta‘ū. The park includes coral reefs and rain forest and is popular for hiking, snorkeling, and scuba diving, although the primary purpose of the park is that of preservation of Samoa's unique natural resources. Of the park's 9,000 acres (36 km²), 7,970 acres (32.3 km²) is land and 2,550 acres (10.3 km²) is water.

Tutuila

Pola Tai (Cock's comb) off Vatia Bay, National Park of American Samoa, Tutuila

The Tutuila unit of the park is on the north end of the island near Pago Pago. It is separated by Mount Alava (1,610 feet (490 m)) and the Maugaloa Ridge and includes the Amalau Valley, Craggy Point, Tafeu Cove, and the islands of Pola and Manofa. It is the only part of the park accessible by car and attracts the vast majority of people. The park lands include a trail to the top of Mount Alava and historic World War II gun emplacement sites at Breakers Point and Blunt's Point.^[2]

Manua Island group

Ofu and Olosega

Ofu and Olosega can be accessed by small plane from the airport on Tutuila to Ofu. Accommodations are available on Ofu at the airport and at Asaga.

Ta‘ū

Ta‘ū can be reached by a flight from Tutuila to Fiti‘uta on Ta‘ū. Accommodations are available on Ta‘ū. A trail runs from Saua around Si’u Point to the southern coastline and stairs to the 3,000-foot summit of Lata Mountain.

Biodiversity

Because of its remote location, diversity among the terrestrial species is low. Approximately 30 percent of the plant and one bird species are endemic to the archipelago.^[3]

The Many-coloured Fruit-dove may be found in the park.

Fauna

Three species of bat are the only native mammals: two large fruit bats (Samoa Flying-fox and Insular Flying-fox) and a small insectivore, the Pacific Sheath-Tailed Bat. They serve an important role in pollinating the island's plants. The sheath-tailed bat was nearly eliminated by Cyclone Val in 1991. A major role for the park is to control and eradicate invasive plant and animal species such as feral pigs and rats, which threaten the park's ecosystem. There are twenty seabird species including the Tahiti Petrel, the Spotless Crake, and the Many-coloured Fruit-dove.^[3]

Flora

The islands are mostly covered by tropical rainforest, including cloud forest on Tau and lowland ridge forest on Tutuila. Most plants arrived by chance from Southeast Asia. There are 487 native flowering plants and ferns and over 100 endemic plant species.^[3]

Marine

The surrounding waters are filled with a diversity of marine life, including sea turtles, humpback whales, about 890 species of fish, and 200 coral species.^[3] Some of the largest living coral colonies (Porites) in the world are at Tau Island.

History

The National Park of American Samoa was established on October 31, 1988 by Public Law 100-571^[4] but the NPS could not buy the land because of traditional communal land system. This was resolved on September 9, 1993, when the National Park Service entered into a 50-year lease for the park land from the Samoan village councils. In 2002, Congress approved a thirty percent expansion on Olosega and Ofu islands.^[5]

References

• The National Parks: Index 2001–2003. Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: National Park of American Samoa

• National Park of American Samoa travel guide from Wikitravel
• National Park Service: National Park of American Samoa
• Natural History Guide to American Samoa
• National Park Service map of the Manu‘a Islands showing the present park boundaries (pdf).
• Seacology National Park of American Samoa projects Seacology

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