Neath

Coordinates: 51°40′N 3°49′W / 51.66°N 3.81°W / 51.66; -3.81

Neath
Welsh: Castell-nedd
Neath shown within Wales
Population	47,020
OS grid reference	SS745975
Principal area	Neath Port Talbot
Ceremonial county	West Glamorgan
Constituent country	Wales
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	NEATH
Postcode district	SA10-11
Dialling code	01639
Police	South Wales
Fire	Mid and West Wales
Ambulance	Welsh
European Parliament	Wales
UK Parliament	Neath
Welsh Assembly	Neath
List of places: UK • Wales • Neath Port Talbot

Neath (Welsh: Castell-nedd) is a town and community situated in the principal area of Neath Port Talbot, Wales, UK with a population of approximately 45,898 in 2001.^[1] It is located on the river of the same name.

History

Historically, Neath was the crossing place of the River Neath and has existed as a settlement since at least Roman times, following the Roman invasion of what was to become the Roman province of Britannia Superior after the 1st century AD. The Antonine Itinerary (c. 2nd century) names only nine places in Roman Wales, one of them being Neath.

There is evidence of undated prehistoric settlements on the hills surrounding the town, which were probably Celtic. Human remains were discovered 25 miles (40 km) away at Paviland Cave^[2] on the Gower peninsula dated 24,000 BC proving that humans lived in the region during the last Ice Age. Once known as the "Red Lady of Paviland", the remains are those of a man^[3]. Neath was on the southern edge of the ice sheet with the Vale of Neath being a glaciated valley. Vegetation and animal life migrated to the area following the recession of the ice around 15,000 years ago.

The Romans used the name Celt (outsiders) for the unfederated European tribes outside of their empire and the inhabitants of the Neath area prior and during the Roman occupation were members of the Celtic Silures tribe. Nidum is the name of the Roman fort discovered close to a housing estate, known as Roman Way, on the west side of the River Neath whereas Neath town is on the east side of the river. The fort covered a large area which now lies under the playing fields of Dŵr-y-Felin Comprehensive School.^[4]

The Roman occupation of Britain ended in the 5th century AD and at that time Christianity was spreading from the east. St Illtyd^[5][6][7], a prominent Celtic warrior and Celtic saint who became a Christian was a major force in establishing Christianity within Wales having taught St David, the patron saint of Wales.

Neath Castle

St Illtyd visited the Neath area and established a settlement in what is now known as Llantwit on the northern edge of the town. The church of St. Illtyd^[8] was built at this settlement and was enlarged in Norman times. The Norman and pre Norman church structure remains intact and active to day within the Church in Wales.^[9] The Welsh language name for Neath is Castell-nedd, referring to the Norman Neath Castle,^[10] which is close to the shopping centre.

Neath was a market town that expanded with the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century with new manufacturing industries of iron, steel and tinplate. The Mackworth family, who owned the Gnoll Estate^[11] were prominent in the town's industrial development. Coal was mined extensively in the surrounding valleys and the construction of canals and railways made Neath a major transportation centre and the Evans & Bevan family were major in the local coal mining community as well as owning the Vale of Neath Brewery.^[12] Silica was mined in the Craig-y-Dinas area of Pontneddfechan, after Quaker entrepreneur William Weston Young invented the blast furnace silica firebrick, later moving brick production from the works at Pontwalby to The Green in Neath. The town continued as a market trading centre with a municipal cattle market run by W.B.Trick. Industrial development continued throughout the 20th century with the construction by British Petroleum of a new petroleum refinery at Llandarcy.

Admiral Lord Nelson stayed at the Castle Hotel en route to Milford Haven when the fleet was at anchor there^{[citation needed]}. Lt. Lewis Roatley^[13], the son of the landlord of the Castle Hotel, served as a Royal Marines officer with Lord Admiral Nelson aboard HMS Victory in the Battle of Trafalgar.

The River Neath is a navigable estuary and Neath was a river port until recent times. The heavy industries are no more with the town being a commercial and tourism centre. Attractions for visitors are the ruins of the Cistercian Neath Abbey, the Gnoll Park and Neath Indoor Market.^[14]

Neath hosted the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1918, 1934, and 1994^{[citation needed]}. In April 1980, it was reported that thousands of fresh garden peas pelted down in Tonna (Neath) over a man called Trevor Williams in some freakish weather phenomenon^{[citation needed]}.

The Wales Yearbook (2000) states that 55,525 people live in Neath^{[citation needed]}.

Famous People from Neath

• England Cricket captain, writer and broadcaster Tony Lewis
• Singer Katherine Jenkins;
• Pop star Bonnie Tyler (from nearby Skewen);
• Hollywood actor Ray Milland;
• Richard Burton (from Pontrhydyfen);
• International theatre director Michael Bogdanov;
• Singers and musicians including Ivor Emmanuel, Rebecca Evans, Della Jones, Gail Pearson, and classical pianists Gordon Back and Andrew Matthews-Owen;
• Peter Shreeves, former Spurs and Sheffield Wednesday manager;
• Clayton Blackmore, the former Manchester United and Wales international;
• Carl Harris, the former Leeds United and Wales international;
• Cecil Griffiths, winner of an Olympic gold medal in the 4x400m relay at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics;
• Mark Bowen - deputy manager of Manchester City, and formerly a player with Spurs and Norwich (born in Briton Ferry); and
• Andy Legg, former professional footballer and Wales international

Sport

The Welsh Rugby Union was formed at a meeting held at the Castle Hotel in 1881^[15]. Neath Rugby Football Club, the famous "Welsh All Blacks", play at The Gnoll^{[citation needed]}.

Motorcycle speedway was staged at the Abbey Stadium in Neath in 1962. The Welsh Dragons, led by New Zealander Trevor Redmond, raced with some success in the Provincial League but, because of local problems, a number of the "home" fixtures were raced at St Austell. The Dragons introduced the Australian rider Charlie Monk to British speedway. After a season at Long Eaton Archers, Monk went on to have considerable success at Glasgow. The team also featured South African Howdy Cornell. In the early 1960s there was also stock car racing held at Neath Abbey, opposite the monastery

Neath Athletic A.F.C. is the town's largest football team, playing at Neath RFC's ground, The Gnoll and play in the top-flight of Welsh football, the Welsh Premier League. In the 2006-07 season, Neath Athletic A.F.C. gained promotion from the Welsh Football League First Division, and to the Welsh Premier League. Neath Athletic A.F.C. get on average, 300 supporters attending a domestic, Welsh Premier League game, which is normal with the rest of the Welsh Premier League.

Administration

The previous borough council was absorbed into the larger unitary authority of Neath Port Talbot on April 1, 1996. The town encompasses the electoral wards of Neath East, Neath North and Neath South.

The Town and the surrounding area is represented at Westminster by Peter Hain MP (Labour) and in the National Assembly for Wales by Gwenda Thomas AM (Labour).

Education

Dwr-y-Felin Comprehensive School is situated in the outskirts of the town as is a campus of Neath Port Talbot College (which was previously Neath College). There is also the Cefn Saeson Comprehensive School situated in the village of Cimla near the Crynallt Primary School. Two other comprehensive schools serve the town, Llangatwg Comprehensive School in Cadoxton and Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School in Briton Ferry. Primary schools include Crynallt Primary School in Cimla, ADS Primary School in Neath, Gnoll Primary School in Neath, Melin Infant and Junior schools, Tonnau Primary School in Tonna, Tonmawr Primary School in Tonmawr, Catwg Primary School in Cadoxton and Ynysmardey Primary School located in Briton Ferry.

Transport

Neath is served by the South Wales Main Line at Neath railway station, on Windsor Road, in the heart of the town. Services operate to Bridgend, Cardiff Central, Newport, Bristol Parkway and London Paddington to the east and Swansea, Carmarthen and West Wales to the west. Services also opertae to Shrewsbury and Manchester Piccadilly.

Neath bus station is at Victoria Gardens, near the railway station. National Express services call at Neath at the railway station.

From Victoria Gardens, First Cymru provides direct inter-urban services to nearby Swansea and Port Talbot. The A465 skirts the town to the north east and provides a link to the M4.

The town is served by Cardiff International Airport, which can be accessed by rail by changing at Bridgend railway station and Cardiff Queen Street Railway Station. The airport can also be accessed by road from J33 (Cardiff West) of the M4 motorway. The airport provides scheduled, charter, domestic and international flights.

Future plans

There are plans to regenerate around 1,000 acres (4.0 km²) of land in and around Neath town centre in the near future.^[16] The civic centre will be redeveloped as a new shopping centre. The Gwyn Hall will be re-built after having been gutted by a fire. The area around the Milland Road industrial estate will be re-developed along with the area around the Neath Canal. On 27 November 2008, proposals for an "iconic" golden rugby ball-shaped museum, a library, heritage centre and other new facilities were announced for consultation. The developer, Simons Estates, says that it plans to start construction when the economic climate improves.^[17]

In March 2008, the county's new radio station, Afan FM, announced plans to turn on a new transmitter dedicated to the Neath area in the Summer. This will transmit on 97.4 FM, and will give residents of Neath their first taste of the Borough's new local radio station, which already transmits to the neighbouring area of Port Talbot on 107.9 FM. The new transmitter for the Neath area was commissioned by Government regulator Ofcom on Thursday 23 October 2008.

References

External links

• History of Neath
• Neath Port Talbot Council Adult Learning Portal
• www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Neath and surrounding area
• Wiki style Map of the neath area