(invertebrate zoology) An order of gastropods which contains the most highly developed snails; respiration is by means of ctenidia, the nervous system is concentrated, an operculum is present, and the sexes are separate.
Neogastropoda
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(¦nē·ō·ga′sträp·ə·də)
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The most highly specialized order in the subclass Prosobranchia (phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda). Neogastropods have simplified pallial and cardiac structures involving complete separation of genital from renal organs, and a “half-gill” (that is, a one-sided comb-shaped or pectinibranch ctenidium) with its axis and major blood vessels fused to the mantle wall. The order comprises mainly marine carnivores and carrion feeders, all with a long extensible proboscis bearing a flesh-tearing radula. More efficient hydrodynamically with their simplified mantle cavity and fused ctenidial axis, neogastropods are not limited to clean waters over hard substrata (as are the archaeogastropods) but have successfully invaded all areas of the seashore and sea bottom, whether covered with sand, silt, or mud.
Neogastropods occur in all depths of the world's oceans from the tropics to polar waters, and there are at least 6000 species, mostly in four important superfamilies. The larger whelks of the superfamily Buccinacea are found from the shallow sublittoral and continental shelves down to depths of 9800 ft (3000 m). The flesh of many whelk species provides human food, and almost all species have been used in commercial longline fisheries as resilient and attractive bait. The smaller tingles, dog whelks, and oyster drills of the superfamily Muricacea are the abundant neogastropod predators in inshore and intertidal waters. A third important superfamily, Volutacea, encompasses more beautiful, much collected shells. The most specialized neogastropods are the tropical toxoglossans (superfamily Conacea) belonging to the families Conidae, or cone shells, and Terebridae, or auger shells. Both groups have been prized by shell collectors for centuries.
Despite their large number of species and diversity of habitats, the neogastropods show more anatomical uniformity (efficient mantle cavity, inhalant siphon with chemoreceptive osphradium, extensible proboscis, stenoglossan radula, and simple carnivore gut) than is found in any of the other major orders of gastropods. See also Gastropoda; Mollusca; Prosobranchia.
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 The shell of a neogastropod, the muricid species Chicoreus palmarosae
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The Neogastropoda was, for many years, an order of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. In the current version of gastropod taxonomy however, Neogastropoda is an unranked clade of sea snails.
When Neogastropoda was an order, it was placed within the prosobranch gastropods according to the taxonomy developed by Thiele (1921). The families which used to form the order Neogastropoda are now included in the clade Neogastropoda Cox, 1960.
A more detailed account of the current taxonomy of the gastropods is laid out in the article Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[1]
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Description
The Neogastropoda are a fairly recent group of marine snails. The first specimens are found in layers of the Late Cretaceous, about 70 million years ago.
They only have one auricle, one kidney and one monopectinate gill, i.e. the gill filaments develop on only one side of the central axis.[2]
The shell has a well-developed siphonal canal. The elongated trunk-like siphon is an extensible tube, formed from a fold in the mantle. It is used to suck water into the mantle cavity. At the base of the siphon is the bipectinate (branching from a central axis) osphradium, a sensory receptacle and olfactory organ, that is more developed than the one in the Mesogastropoda.
The nervous system is very concentrated. Many species have the ganglia in a compact space.
The rachiglossate (rasp-like) radula, a layer of serially arranged teeth within the mouth, has only three denticles (small teeth) in each transverse row.[2]
The Neogastropoda have separate sexes.
There are about 16,000 species. Neogastropoda includes many well-known gastropods including the cone snails, conchs, mud snails, olive snails, oyster drills, tulip shells, and whelks. The Neogastropoda all live in the sea, except Clea, a rare freshwater genus. They are mostly predators, but some are saprophagous (scavengers).
Superfamilies
- Buccinoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851
- Conoidea Fleming, 1822
- Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Olivoidea Latreille, 1825
- Pseudolivoidea (de Gregorio, 1880)
Families
- Babylonidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971
- Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Buccinulidae (downgraded to the rank of tribe Buccinini Rafinesque, 1815 )
- Cancellariidae Forbes and Hanley, 1851
- Clavatulidae Gray, 1853
- Colubrariidae Dall, 1904
- Columbariidae (downgraded to the rank of subfamily Columbariinae Tomlin, 1928 in the family Turbinellidae)
- Columbellidae Swainson, 1840
- Conidae Fleming, 1822
- Costellariidae MacDonald, 1860
- Cystiscidae Stimpson, 1865
- Drilliidae Olsson, 1964
- Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853
- Harpidae Bronn, 1849
- † Johnwyattiidae Serna, 1979
- Marginellidae Fleming, 1828
- Melongenidae Gill, 1871 (1854)
- Mitridae Swainson, 1829
- Muricidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Nassariidae Iredale, 1916 (1835)
- Olivellidae Troschel, 1869
- Olividae Latreille, 1825
- † Perissityidae Popenoe & Saul, 1987
- † Pholidotomidae Cossmann, 1896
- Pleioptygmatidae Quinn, 1989
- Pseudolividae de Gregorio, 1880
- Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1965
- Ptychatractidae Stimpson, 1865
- † Sarganidae Stephenson, 1923
- † Speightiidae Powell, 1942
- Strepsiduridae Cossmann, 1901
- Strictispiridae McLean, 1971
- † Taiomidae Finlay & Marwick, 1937
- Terebridae Mörch, 1852
- Turbinellidae Swainson, 1835
- Turridae H. and A. Adamsams, 1853
- Vasidae H. and A. Adams, 1854
- Volutidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Volutomitridae Gray, 1854
- † Weeksiidae Sohl, 1961
References
- ^ Bouchet, Philippe & Jean-Pierre Rocroi 2005. Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families. Malacologia 47(1-2): 1-397.
- ^ a b Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 376. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
External links
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Wikispecies has information related to: Neogastropoda |
- Cunha R. L., Grande C. & Zardoya R. (23 August) 2009. Neogastropod phylogenetic relationships based on entire mitochondrial genomes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:210. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-210
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Mentioned in
- Stenoglossa (invertebrate zoology)
- Olividae (invertebrate zoology)
- Volutidae (invertebrate zoology)
- Harpidae (invertebrate zoology)
- Buccinidae (invertebrate zoology)
- Conidae (invertebrate zoology)
- Muricidae (invertebrate zoology)
- whelk (invertebrate zoology)
- Prosobranchia (mollusca)
- Caenogastropoda (Caenogastropods) (zoology)
- Buccinoidea
- Cancellarioidea
- Melongenidae
- Scaevatula
