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Medical Encyclopedia:

Nephritis

Definition

Nephritis is inflammation of the kidney.

Description

The most prevalent form of acute nephritis is glomerulonephritis. This condition affects children and teenagers far more often than it affects adults. It is inflammation of the glomeruli, or small round filters located in the kidney. Pyelonephritis affects adults more than children, and is recognized as inflammation of the kidney and upper urinary tract. A third type of nephritis is hereditary nephritis, a rare inherited condition.

— Maureen Haggerty


 
 
Dictionary: ne·phri·tis  (nə-frī'tĭs) pronunciation
n., pl. -phrit·i·des (-frĭt'ĭ-dēz') or -phri·tis·es.

Any of various acute or chronic inflammations of the kidneys, such as Bright's disease.


 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: nephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys. There are numerous kinds, involving different kidney tissues. The most common type is Bright disease. Symptoms vary with the type of nephritis; severe cases can result in kidney failure. Causes include infection, allergy or autoimmune disease, blockage in the urinary system, and hereditary diseases. Treatment addresses the cause where possible.

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Sports Science and Medicine: nephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys Nephritis has a number of causes. It can, for example, result from taking too much protein in the diet. See also athletic pseudonephritis.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: nephritis
(nəfrī'təs) , inflammation of the kidney. The earliest finding is within the renal capillaries (glomeruli); interstitial edema is typically followed by interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and a small number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The disease is thought to be immunological, but immunoglobulins and drug antigens have been found in only a few cases. The damage is usually reversible when the cause is recognized and removed, but severe cases can progress to fibrosis and renal failure. The disease can take several forms. Pyelonephritis is usually associated with a bacterial infection transmitted from the bladder or blood; it affects the renal pelvis and is treated with antibiotics. Glomerulonephritis, or Bright's disease, causes degenerative changes in the glomeruli and is believed to be an allergic response to infection elsewhere in the body. Symptoms include headache, mild fever, puffiness of the eyes and face, high blood pressure, and discoloration of the urine. Treatment includes bed rest and limiting the intake of water, sodium, and proteins, and, if necessary, dialysis; antibiotics are given to halt infections (e.g., streptococcal) invasion. The disease occurs more frequently among the young. About 95% of patients recover from the acute phase of the disease; however, if glomerulonephritis becomes chronic, renal damage results after many years, causing kidney failure.

 
Veterinary Dictionary: nephritis

Inflammation of the kidney; a focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive disease that may involve the glomerulus, tubule or interstitial renal tissue. See also glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis (below), nephrosis, pyelonephritis.

  • autoimmune n. — see glomerulonephritis.
  • embolic n. — caused by infected emboli lodging in renal vessels. One or more abscesses may develop, causing signs referable to toxemia. There may be intermittent pyuria. Renal dysfunction is likely only if most of the renal mass is destroyed.
  • glomerular n. — see glomerulonephritis.
  • interstitial n. — a diffuse lesion characterized by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, sometimes attributed to hematogenous infection with Leptospira spp. There is a secondary glomerular and vascular injury. It is manifested by polyuria, urine of low specific gravity, and terminal uremia.
  • lupus n. — glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • parenchymatous n. — nephritis affecting the parenchyma of the kidney.
  • suppurative n. — a form accompanied by suppuration and abscessation of the kidney.
  • transfusion n. — nephropathy following transfusion from an incompatible donor.

 
Translations: Translations for: Nephritis

Dansk (Danish)
n. - nyrebetændelse (med.)

Nederlands (Dutch)
nierontsteking

Français (French)
n. - néphrite

Deutsch (German)
n. - Nierenentzündung

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (παθολ.) νεφρίτιδα

Italiano (Italian)
nefrite

Português (Portuguese)
n. - nefrite (f) (Patol.)

Русский (Russian)
нефрит

Español (Spanish)
n. - nefritis

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - njurinflammation, nefrit

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
肾炎

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 腎炎

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 신염

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 腎炎

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) التهاب الكلى‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮דלקת הכליות‬

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Copyrights:

Medical Encyclopedia. © 2006 through a partnership of Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Sports Science and Medicine. The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine. Copyright © Michael Kent 1998, 2006, 2007. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. The Veterinary Dictionary. Copyright © 2007 by Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

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