Nitrofuran

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Nitrofurazone

Nifuratel

Nitrofurans are a class of drugs typically used as antibiotics or antimicrobials. The defining structural component is a furan ring with a nitro group.

Members of this class of drugs include:

Furazolidone, antibacterial
Furylfuramide
Nitrofurantoin, antibacterial
Nitrofurazone, antibacterial
Nifuratel
Nifurquinazol, antibacterial
Nifurtoinol, antibacterial
Nifuroxazide, antibiotic
Nifurtimox, antiparasitic
Nifurzide, anti-infective

External links

MeSH Nitrofurans

Antibacterials: nucleic acid inhibitors (J01E, J01M)

Antifolates
(inhibits
purine metabolism,
thereby inhibiting
DNA and RNA synthesis)

DR inhibitor

2,4-Diaminopyrimidine (Trimethoprim^#, Brodimoprim, Tetroxoprim, Iclaprim^†)

Sulfonamides
(DS inhibitor)

Short- acting	Sulfaisodimidine · Sulfamethizole · Sulfadimidine · Sulfapyridine · Sulfafurazole · Sulfanilamide (Prontosil) · Sulfathiazole · Sulfathiourea

Intermediate- acting	Sulfamethoxazole · Sulfadiazine^# · Sulfamoxole

Long- acting	Sulfadimethoxine · Sulfalene · Sulfametomidine · Sulfametoxydiazine · Sulfamethoxypyridazine · Sulfaperin · Sulfamerazine · Sulfaphenazole · Sulfamazone

Other/ungrouped

sulfanilamide (Sulfacetamide, Sulfametrole)

Combinations

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim^#

Topoisomerase
inhibitors/
quinolones/
(inhibits
DNA replication)

1st generation

Cinoxacin^‡ · Flumequine · Nalidixic acid · Oxolinic acid · Pipemidic acid · Piromidic acid · Rosoxacin

Fluoroquinolones

2nd generation	Ciprofloxacin^# · Enoxacin^‡ · Fleroxacin^‡ · Lomefloxacin · Nadifloxacin · Ofloxacin · Norfloxacin · Pefloxacin · Rufloxacin

3rd generation	Balofloxacin · Grepafloxacin^‡ · Levofloxacin · Pazufloxacin · Sparfloxacin^‡ · Temafloxacin^‡ · Tosufloxacin

4th generation	Besifloxacin · Clinafloxacin^† · Garenoxacin · Gemifloxacin · Moxifloxacin · Gatifloxacin^‡ · Sitafloxacin · Trovafloxacin^‡/Alatrofloxacin^‡ · Prulifloxacin

Veterinary	Danofloxacin · Difloxacin · Enrofloxacin · Ibafloxacin · Marbofloxacin · Orbifloxacin · Pradofloxacin · Sarafloxacin

Related agents (DG)	Aminocoumarins: Novobiocin

Anaerobic DNA
inhibitors

Nitro- imidazole derivatives	Metronidazole^# · Tinidazole · Ornidazole

Nitrofuran derivatives	Furazolidone^‡ · Nitrofurantoin^# · Nifurtoinol

RNA synthesis

Rifamycins/
RNA polymerase

Rifampicin · Rifabutin · Rifapentine · Rifaximin

^#WHO-EM. ^‡Withdrawn from market. Clinical trials: ^†Phase III. ^§Never to phase III

M: BAC

bact (clas)

gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o

drug(J1p, w, n, m, vacc)

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01)

Alveo-
late

Apicom-
plexa

Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats)

Cryptosporidiosis	thiazole (Nitazoxanide)

Isosporiasis	Co-trimoxazole^#

Toxoplasmosis	Pyrimethamine • Sulfadiazine

Aconoidasida

Malaria

Individual
agents

Hemozoin
inhibitors

Aminoquinolines	(4-): Amodiaquine^# • Chloroquine^# (8-): Primaquine^# • Pamaquine

4-methanolquinolines	Mefloquine^#• Quinine^# • Quinidine

Other	Lumefantrine (combined with artemether as Coartem) Halofantrine

Antifolates

DHFR inhibitors (antifols)	2,4-Diaminopyrimidines (Pyrimethamine) biguanides (Proguanil^# • Chlorproguanil)

Sulfonamides	Sulfadoxine • Sulfalene

Combination	Fansidar^# (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine)

Sesquiterpene
lactones

Artemether^# • Artesunate^#• Dihydroartemisinin •
Arteether/Artemotil • Artemisinin

Other

Atovaquone (always combined with proguanil as Malarone)
Tetracycline • Doxycycline^#
Clindamycin

Combi-
nations

Fixed-dose (coformulated) ACTs	Coartem^# • ASAQ (Coarsucam) • ASMQ • Duo-Cotecxin (Artekin) • Pyramax

Combination therapies (not co-formulated)	Quinine/tetracycline • Quinine/clindamycin • Artequin • Ariplus • Co-Arinate • CDA

Babesiosis

Clindamycin

Cilio-
phora

Balantidiasis: Tetracycline

Hetero-
kont

Blastocystosis: Metronidazole

^#WHO-EM. ^‡Withdrawn from market. Clinical trials: ^†Phase III. ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

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