The basis of the Noahide laws is tradition. In the Bible, they are only hinted to, not spelled out completely. The Talmud (Sanhedrin 56b-57a) explains how each of the seven Noahide laws is hinted to in Genesis ch.2 and ch.9.

Noahide prophets are The Seven Laws of Noah (Hebrew: שבע מצוות בני נח‎ Sheva mitzvot B'nei Noach), often referred to as the Noahide Laws or Noachide Code, are a set of seven moral imperatives that, according to the Talmud, were given by God to Noah as a binding set of laws for all mankind.[1] According to Judaism any non-Jew who lives according to these laws is regarded as a Righteous Gentile and is assured of a place in the world to come (Olam Haba), the Jewish concept of heaven.[2] Adherents are often called "B'nei Noach" (Children of Noah) or "Noahides" and may often network in Jewish synagogues.

The seven Noahide laws are:

not to worship idols

not to commit incest, adultery, or bestiality

not to murder

not to eat from the limb of an animal that is still alive

not to curse God

not to rob or steal

to set up and/or uphold courts of law.

According to tradition, these laws are alluded to in the verses in Genesis ch.2 and ch.9 (Talmud, Sanhedrin 56). Tradition teaches that the ancient nations were all aware of these laws; and any laxity in keeping them was (at least at the outset) not due to ignorance (Talmud, Avodah Zarah 2b).

Jews and Gentiles have different missions in this world. A Jew is required to observe all 613 commandments of the Torah while a Gentile is only required to observe the 7 laws given to Noah (the Noahide Laws). Jewish and Gentile souls are designed for their intended purpose, so Jewish and Gentile souls are different.