In computer science, especially parallel computing, synchronization means the coordination of simultaneous threads or processes to complete a task in order to get correct runtime order and avoid unexpected race conditions. There are many types of synchronization: * barrier * lock/semaphore * non-blocking synchronization * synchronous communication operations advantages of synchronous communications are * no need of start and stop bits * higher data rates possible * the actual data length need not be fixed

The provision of mechanisms for process synchronization

Transactional Synchronization Extensions was created in 2012.

blocking send or receive for messages means that the sender and/or reciever is blocked until the message is delivered. In a nonblocking send/recieve, neither the sender or reciever has to wait.

- synchronization in which the decision instants is brought into alignment
with the received bit,i.e, the basic signaling element.

- it is used to generate a clock signal at the proper sampling instants. - it consists of non linear element followed by phase locked loop ( PLL ).