November 15

November 15 is the Expression error: unrecognised punctuation character "{"th day of the year Expression error: unrecognised punctuation character "{" in the Gregorian calendar. There are Expression error: unrecognised punctuation character "{" days remainingExpression error: unrecognised punctuation character "{".

Events

• 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
• 1315 - Battle of Morgarten the Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft wins the battle against Habsburg.
• 1515 - Thomas Cardinal Wolsey invested as a Cardinal
• 1533 - Francisco Pizarro arrives in Cuzco, Peru.
• 1777 - American Revolutionary War: After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation.
• 1791 - The first U.S Catholic college, Georgetown University, opens its doors.
• 1806 - Pike expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike sees a distant mountain peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains (it was later named Pikes Peak).
• 1854 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is given the needed royal concession by Said.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman burns Atlanta, Georgia and starts Sherman's March to the Sea.
• 1889 - Brazil is declared a republic by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca and Emperor Pedro II is deposed in a military coup.
• 1920 - First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva.
• 1926 - The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations.
• 1935 - Canada and the United States signed the reciprocal trade agreement in Washington.
• 1939 - In Washington, D.C., US President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial.
• 1941 - Holocaust: SS chief Heinrich Himmler orders the arrest and deportation to concentration camps of all homosexuals in Germany, with the exception of certain top Nazi officials.
• 1942 - World War II: First flight of the Heinkel He 219.
• 1942 - World War II: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a decisive Allied victory.
• 1943 - Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies were to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps." (see Porajmos)
• 1948 - Louis Stephen St. Laurent succeeds William Lyon Mackenzie King as Prime Minister of Canada. King had the longest combined time (3 terms, 22 years in total) as Premier in Commonwealth of Nations history.
• 1949 - Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi.
• 1958 - Morocco promulgates a press code.
• 1959 - Four members of the Herbert Clutter Family murdered at their farm outside Holcomb, Kansas.
• 1960 - The Polaris missile is test launched.
• 1966 - Gemini program: Gemini 12 splashes down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1966 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 708 crashes near Berlin, Germany, killing all three people on board.
• 1967 - The only fatality of the X-15 program occurs during the 191st flight when Air Force test pilot Michael J. Adams loses control of his aircraft, and is destroyed mid-air over the Mojave Desert.
• 1969 - Cold War: The Soviet submarine K-19 collides with the American submarine USS Gato in the Barents Sea.
• 1969 - Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 250,000-500,000 protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the war, including a symbolic "March Against Death."
• 1969 - Dave Thomas opens the first Wendy's fast food restaurant in Columbus, Ohio.
• 1970 - The Soviet Lunokhod 1 moon rover lands on the moon.
• 1971 - Intel releases world's first commercial single-chip microprocessor, the 4004.
• 1976 - René Lévesque and the Parti Québécois take power to become the first Quebec government of the 20th century clearly in favour of independence.
• 1978 - A chartered DC-8 crashes near Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing 183.
• 1979 - A package from the Unabomber Ted Kaczynski begins smoking in the cargo hold of a flight from Chicago to Washington, forcing the plane to make an emergency landing.
• 1983 - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is founded.
• 1985 - A research assistant is injured as a package from the Unabomber addressed to a University of Michigan professor explodes.
• 1985 - The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed at Hillsborough Castle by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald.
• 1987 - Continental Airlines Flight 1713, a Douglas DC-9-14 jetliner, crashes in a snowstorm at Denver, Colorado Stapleton International Airport, killing 28 occupants, while 54 survive the crash.
• 1988 - In the Soviet Union, the unmanned Shuttle Buran is launched on her first and last space flight.
• 1988 - Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council.
• 1988 - The first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched in the Netherlands.
• 1990 - Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Atlantis launches with flight STS-38.
• 1990 - Producers acknowledge that Milli Vanilli, who won the 1990 "Best New Artist" Grammy Award, did not sing on their album.
• 2000 - A chartered Antonov AN-24 crashes after takeoff from Luanda, Angola killing more than 40 people
• 2002 - Hu Jintao becomes general secretary of the Communist Party of China.
• 2003 - The first day of the 2003 Istanbul Bombings takes place, to be followed by additional bombings on November 20.
• 2004 - New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey leaves office, three months after resigning due to a gay extra-marital affair. State Senator Richard Codey takes over as interim governor.
• 2005 - Boeing formally launches the stretched Boeing 747-8 variant with orders from Cargolux and Nippon Cargo Airlines.
• 2006 - Puerto Rico implements its first sales tax.
• 2006 - The Al Jazeera English global 24h news channel is launched.

Births

• 1316 - John I of France (d. 1316)
• 1397 - Pope Nicholas V (d. 1455)
• 1498 - Eleonore of Austria, Queen of Portugal and France (d. 1558)
• 1511 - Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (d. 1536)
• 1556 - Jacques-Davy Duperron, French cardinal (d. 1618)
• 1559 - Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (d. 1621)
• 1607 - Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (d. 1701)
• 1660 - Hermann von der Hardt, German historian (d. 1746)
• 1661 - Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in Americas (d. 1743)
• 1688 - Louis Bertrand Castel, French mathematician (d. 1757)
• 1692 - Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (d. 1775)
• 1708 - William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1778)
• 1738 - William Herschel, German-born astronomer (d. 1822)
• 1741 - Johann Kaspar Lavater, German philosopher (d. 1801)
• 1746 - Joseph Quesnel, French Canadian composer and playwright (d. 1809)
• 1757 - Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher, Danish surgeon (d. 1830)
• 1784 - Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (d. 1860)
• 1793 - Michel Chasles, French mathematician (d. 1880)
• 1852 - Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt (d. 1892)
• 1859 - Christopher Hornsrud, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1960)
• 1862 - Gerhart Hauptmann, German dramatist, Nobel laureate (d. 1946)
• 1874 - August Krogh, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1949)
• 1874 - Dimitrios Golemis, Greek athlete (d. 1941)
• 1879 - Lewis Stone, American actor (d. 1953)
• 1881 - Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (d. 1960)
• 1882 - Felix Frankfurter, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1965)
• 1886 - René Guénon, French-Egyptian author (d. 1951)
• 1887 - Marianne Moore, American poet (d. 1972)
• 1887 - Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (d. 1986)
• 1889 - Manuel II of Portugal (d. 1932)
• 1890 - Richmal Crompton, British author (d. 1969)
• 1891 - Averell Harriman, American businessman (d. 1986)
• 1891 - Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (d. 1944)
• 1895 - Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
• 1895 - Antoni Słonimski, Polish writer (d. 1976)
• 1897 - Aneurin Bevan, British politician (d. 1960)
• 1897 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (d. 1988)
• 1899 - Avdy Andresson, Estonian statesman (d. 1990)
• 1899 - Iskander Mirza, first President of Pakistan (d. 1969)
• 1903 - Stewie Dempster, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1974)
• 1905 - Mantovani, Italian-born composer (d. 1980)
• 1906 - Curtis LeMay, U.S. Air Force general (d. 1990)
• 1907 - Claus von Stauffenberg, would-be assassin of Adolf Hitler (d. 1944)
• 1913 - Guy Green, English film director (d. 2005)
• 1913 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
• 1919 - Joseph Wapner, American judge
• 1925 - Howard Baker, American political advisor
• 1925 - Yuli Daniel, Russian writer (d. 1988)
• 1927 - Gregor Mackenzie, British politician (d. 1992)
• 1928 - C.W. McCall, American singer
• 1928 - John Orchard, British actor (d. 1995)
• 1929 - Ed Asner, American actor
• 1930 - J. G. Ballard, British author
• 1931 - Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya
• 1931 - Pascal Lissouba, Congo politician
• 1932 - Petula Clark, English singer
• 1932 - Clyde McPhatter, American singer (d. 1972)
• 1932 - Alvin Plantinga, American philosopher
• 1936 - Wolf Biermann, German writer
• 1937 - Little Willie John, American singer (d. 1968)
• 1937 - Yaphet Kotto, American actor
• 1940 - Sam Waterston, American actor
• 1942 - Daniel Barenboim, Argentine-born conductor
• 1945 - Roger Donaldson, Australian producer/director
• 1945 - Anni-Frid "Frida" Lyngstad, Swedish singer (ABBA)
• 1947 - Bill Richardson, American politician
• 1951 - Beverly D'Angelo, American actress
• 1952 - Zoltán Buday, Hungarian born actor
• 1952 - Randy Savage, American professional wrestler
• 1954 - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former President of Poland
• 1955 - Henry Corra, American documentarian
• 1956 - Michael Hampton, American guitarist (Funkadelic)
• 1957 - Kevin Eubanks, American jazz guitarist
• 1961 - Ian Reid, Australian educator
• 1963 - Benny Elias, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1965 - Nigel Bond, English snooker player
• 1965 - Stefan Pfeiffer, German swimmer
• 1966 - Rachel True, American actress
• 1967 - Pedro Borbón, Jr., Dominican baseball player
• 1967 - E-40, American rapper
• 1967 - François Ozon, French film director
• 1967 - Gustavo Poyet, Uruguayan footballer
• 1968 - Jennifer Charles, American singer/songwriter
• 1968 - Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (d. 2004)
• 1969 - Shane Mack, American politician
• 1970 - Jack Ingram, American singer and songwriter
• 1970 - Patrick Mboma, Cameroonian footballer
• 1972 - Jonny Lee Miller, English actor
• 1973 - Jesse Merz, American actor
• 1974 - Chad Kroeger, Canadian singer
• 1975 - Scott Henshall, British fashion designer
• 1975 - Yannick Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 - Brandon DiCamillo, American comedian
• 1976 - Virginie Ledoyen, French actress
• 1977 - Sean Murray, American actor
• 1977 - Peter Phillips, grandson of Queen Elizabeth II
• 1977 - Logan Whitehurst, American musician (d. 2006)
• 1979 - Josemi, Spanish footballer
• 1979 - Brett Lancaster, Australian cyclist
• 1980 - Ace Young, American singer
• 1981 - Lorena Ochoa, Mexican golfer
• 1982 - Giaan Rooney, Australian swimmer
• 1983 - DJ Skee, American DJ/Personality
• 1983 - Fernando Verdasco, Spanish tennis player
• 1983 - Laura Smet, French actress
• 1986 - Dan Trapp, American drummer (Senses Fail)
• 1986 - Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player
• 1987 - Isaiah Osbourne, English footballer
• 1988 - Zena Grey, American actress
• 1993 - Irie Saaya, Japanese model
• 1995 - Stella Hudgens, American actress

Deaths

• 655 - Penda, King of Mercia
• 1028 - Constantine VIII Byzantine Emperor (b. 960)
• 1136 - Margrave Leopold III of Austria (b. 1073)
• 1280 - Albertus Magnus, German theologian, bishop, and philosopher
• 1463 - Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini, Prince of Taranto and Constable of Naples
• 1544 - King Jungjong of Joseon (b. 1506)
• 1579 - Ferenc Dávid, Hungarian religious reformer (b. 1510)
• 1628 - Roque Gonzales, Paraguayan missionary (b. 1576)
• 1630 - Johannes Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1571)
• 1670 - Comenius, Czech writer (b. 1592)
• 1691 - Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (b. 1620)
• 1706 - Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683)
• 1712 - James Douglas, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish nationalist (b. 1658)
• 1712 - Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675)
• 1787 - Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (b. 1714)
• 1794 - John Witherspoon, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1723)
• 1795 - Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, French painter (b. 1719)
• 1819 - Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (b. 1749)
• 1853 - Queen Maria II of Portugal (b. 1819)
• 1908 - Empress Dowager Cixi, Chinese ruler (b. 1835)
• 1910 - Wilhelm Raabe, German writer (b. 1831)
• 1916 - Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish author, Nobel laureate (b. 1846)
• 1917 - Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (b. 1858)
• 1919 - Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1866)
• 1949 - Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte, conspirators against Mahatma Gandhi (b. Narayan Apte - 1911)
• 1954 - Lionel Barrymore, American actor (b. 1878)
• 1958 - Tyrone Power, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1959 - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1869)
• 1961 - Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b.1883)
• 1963 - Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (b. 1988)
• 1965 - Dawn Powell, American poet (b. 1896)
• 1967 - Michael J. Adams, American test pilot (b. 1930)
• 1971 - Rudolf Abel, Soviet spy (b. 1903)
• 1971 - Edie Sedgwick, American actress and model (b. 1943)
• 1976 - Jean Gabin, French actor (b. 1904)
• 1978 - Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (b. 1901)
• 1982 - Martin De Alzaga, Argentine racing driver (b. 1901)
• 1983 - Charlie Grimm, American baseball player (b. 1898)
• 1988 - Billo Frómeta, Dominican orchestra conductor, arranger and composer (b. 1915)
• 1990 - Alydar, American racehorse (b. 1975)
• 1994 - Elizabeth George Speare, American author (b. 1908)
• 1996 - Alger Hiss, American government official and alleged spy (b. 1904)
• 1997 - Saul Chaplin, American composer and musical director (b. 1912)
• 1998 - Stokely Carmichael, American civil rights activist (b. 1941)
• 2002 - Myra Hindley, English murderer (b. 1942)
• 2003 - Ray Lewis, Canadian athlete (b. 1910)
• 2003 - Dorothy Loudon, American actress (b. 1933)
• 2003 - Laurence Tisch, American businessman (b. 1923)
• 2004 - Elmer L. Andersen, Governor of Minnesota (b. 1909)
• 2004 - John Morgan, Canadian comedian (b. 1930)
• 2005 - Dr. Adrian Rogers, American Southern Baptist Minister and leader (b. 1931)
• 2005 - Arto Salminen, Finnish writer (b. 1959)
• 2006 - Ana Carolina Reston, Brazilian model (b. 1985)
• 2006 - David K. Wyatt, American historian (b. 1937)

Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals - Festival in honor of Feronia (others say 13 November)
• R.C. Saints - Albert the Great
• Eastern Orthodoxy - Feast of Saint Philip the Apostle and the beginning of Winter Lent
• Austria - Saint Leopold's day -- no school in Vienna, Lower Austria and Upper Austria
• Belgium - King's Feast, not an official holiday, but some state institutions are closed
• Brazil - Republic Proclamation Day (1889)
• Palestine - Independence Day (declared 1988)
• USA - America Recycles Day
• Japan - Shichi-Go-San - traditional rite of passage and festival day for three and seven year-old girls and three and five year-old boys

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada