November 16

November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 45 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 534 – A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published.
• 1272 – While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne.
• 1491 – An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects.
• 1532 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Hessian mercenaries capture Fort Washington from the Patriots.
• 1776 – American Revolution: the United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States.
• 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern – Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Murat.
• 1822 – American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.
• 1849 – A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.
• 1852 – The English astronomer John Russell Hind discovers the asteroid 22 Kalliope.
• 1857 – Second relief of Lucknow – twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee – Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
• 1885 – Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba", Louis Riel is executed for treason.
• 1904 – English engineer John Ambrose Fleming receives a patent for the thermionic valve (vacuum tube).
• 1907 – Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory join to form Oklahoma, that is admitted as the 46th U.S. state.
• 1907 – Cunard Line's RMS Mauretania, sister ship of RMS Lusitania, sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.
• 1914 – The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.
• 1938 – LSD is first synthesized by Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland.
• 1940 – World War II: in response to the leveling of Coventry, England by Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
• 1940 – Holocaust: in occupied Poland, the Nazis close off the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world.
• 1943 – World War II: American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German-controlled Vemork, Norway.
• 1944 – Operation Queen, the costly Allied thrust to the Rur river was launched
• 1944 – Dueren, Germany is destroyed by Allied bombers.
• 1945 – Cold War: Operation Paperclip – the United States Army secretly admits 88 German scientists and engineers to help in the development of rocket technology.
• 1945 – UNESCO is founded.
• 1965 – Venera program: the Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus, that will be the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.
• 1973 – Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.
• 1973 – U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.
• 1979 – The first line of Bucharest Metro (Line M1) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semănătoarea in Bucharest, Romania.
• 1988 – The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic declares that Estonia is "sovereign" but stops short of declaring independence.
• 1988 – In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan elect populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• 1989 – A death squad composed of El Salvadoran army troops kills six Jesuit priests and two others at Jose Simeon Canas University.
• 1992 – The Hoxne Hoard is discovered by metal detectorist Eric Lawes in Hoxne, Suffolk.
• 1997 – After nearly 18 years of incarceration, the People's Republic of China releases Wei Jingsheng, a pro-democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.
• 2000 – Bill Clinton becomes the first U.S. President to visit Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War.

Births

• 42 BC – Tiberius, Roman emperor (d. 37)
• 1436 – Leonardo Loredan, Doge of the Republic of Venice (d. 1521)
• 1569 – Paul Sartorius, German composer and organist (d. 1609)
• 1603 – Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (d. 1673)
• 1643 – Jean Chardin, French explorer (d. 1703)
• 1715 – Girolamo Abos, Maltese-Italian composer of both operas and church music (d. 1760)
• 1717 – Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician (d. 1793)
• 1720 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, Italian composer (d. 1788)
• 1753 – James McHenry, American statesman (d. 1816)
• 1758 – Peter Andreas Heiberg, Danish author and philologist (d. 1841)
• 1766 – Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist (d. 1831)
• 1811 – John Bright, British politician (d. 1889)
• 1836 – King Kalākaua, of Hawaiʻi (d. 1891)
• 1839 – Louis-Honoré Fréchette, French Canadian poet (d. 1908)
• 1841 – Jules Violle, French physicist (d. 1923)
• 1847 – Edmund James Flynn, Canadian politician (d. 1927)
• 1851 – Minnie Hauk, American soprano (d. 1929)
• 1862 – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (d. 1944)
• 1873 – W. C. Handy, American composer (d. 1958)
• 1880 – Alexander Blok, Russian poet (d. 1921)
• 1885 – Monsignor Sir Mikiel Gonzi, Maltese archbishop (d. 1984)
• 1888 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and pianist (d. 1957)
• 1889 – George S. Kaufman, American playwright (d. 1961)
• 1889 – Dietrich Kraiß, German Nazi officer (d. 1944)
• 1890 – Elpidio Quirino, 6th President of the Philippines (d. 1956)
• 1892 – Guo Moruo, Chinese writer (d. 1978)
• 1892 – Tazio Nuvolari, Italian racing driver (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
• 1895 – Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. 1963)
• 1896 – Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov, Russian mathematician (d. 1982)
• 1896 – Joan Lindsay, Australian novelist (d. 1984)
• 1896 – Oswald Mosley, British politician and founder of the British Union of Fascists (d. 1980)
• 1896 – Lawrence Tibbett, American baritone (d. 1960)
• 1897 – Choudhary Rehmat Ali, Pakistani nationalist (d. 1951)
• 1899 – Mary Margaret McBride, American radio interview host (d. 1976)
• 1904 – Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1st President of Nigeria (d. 1996)
• 1905 – Eddie Condon, American jazz banjoist and guitarist (d. 1973)
• 1907 – Burgess Meredith, American actor (d. 1997)
• 1909 – Mirza Nasir Ahmad, 3rd Caliph of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and 3rd successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (d. 1982)
• 1914 – Eddie Chapman, British World War II spy and double agent, aka Agent Zigzag (d. 1997)
• 1915 – Alphonse "Bois Sec" Ardoin, Cajun accordionist (d. 2007)
• 1916 – Daws Butler, American voice actor (d. 1988)
• 1916 – Al Lucas, Canadian jazz double-bassist (d. 1983)
• 1922 – Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist
• 1922 – José Saramago, Portuguese novelist, Nobel laureate (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Mel Patton, American sprinter
• 1927 – Dolo Coker, jazz pianist and composer (d. 1983)
• 1928 – Clu Gulager, American actor
• 1930 – Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelist, poet and academic
• 1930 – Paul Foytack, American baseball player
• 1930 – Salvatore Riina, Italian Mafia leader
• 1931 – Luciano Bottaro, Italian comic book artist (d. 2006)
• 1931 – Hubert Sumlin, American blues guitarist (Howlin' Wolf's band)
• 1933 – Garnet Mimms, American singer
• 1935 – Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Iraqi-born Lebanese Shiite Muslim cleric and Hezbollah mentor (d. 2010)
• 1935 – Elizabeth Drew, American journalist and author
• 1936 – John Moore, Australian politician
• 1938 – Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. 2002)
• 1940 – Donna McKechnie, American actress and dancer
• 1941 – Gerry Marshall, British race car driver (d. 2005)
• 1941 – Dan Penn, American singer-songwriter
• 1942 – Willie Carson, Scottish jockey
• 1942 – Joanna Pettet, English actress
• 1944 – Oliver Braddick, British psychologist
• 1946 – Terence McKenna, American writer and public speaker (d. 2000)
• 1946 – Jo Jo White, American basketball player
• 1947 – Ebby Thust, German boxing promoter and writer
• 1947 – Omar Ruiz Hernández, Cuban dissident journalist
• 1948 – Horst Bertram, German footballer
• 1948 – Bonnie Greer, American playwright and critic
• 1948 – Chi Coltrane, American rock-pop-jazz songwriter, pianist, and singer
• 1949 – Arrow, Montserratian soca musician (d. 2010)
• 1950 – David Leisure, American actor
• 1950 – John Swartzwelder, American television writer and novelist
• 1951 – Miguel Sandoval, American actor
• 1952 – Robin McKinley, American novelist
• 1952 – Piero Falchetta, Italian archivist in Biblioteca Marciana, essayist and translator
• 1952 – Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game designer
• 1953 – Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh comedian, writer and actor
• 1954 – Andrea Barrett, American novelist
• 1954 – Bruce Edwards, American golf caddy (d. 2004)
• 1954 – Luis Conte, Cuban percussionist
• 1954 – Dick Gross, Australian politician
• 1954 – Arrow, calypso and soca musician, born Alphonsus Cassell
• 1955 – Pierre Larouche, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1956 – Terry Labonte, American NASCAR driver
• 1957 – Jacques Gamblin, French actor
• 1958 – Marg Helgenberger, American actress
• 1958 – Boris Krivokapić, Serbian academic
• 1961 – Frank Bruno, British boxer
• 1961 – Corinne Hermès, French singer
• 1962 – Gary Mounfield, English bassist (The Stone Roses, Primal Scream)
• 1962 – Josh Silver, American keyboardist (Type O Negative)
• 1963 – Meenakshi Seshadri, Indian actress
• 1963 – Steve Arguelles, British jazz drummer
• 1964 – Dwight Gooden, American baseball player
• 1964 – Diana Krall, Canadian jazz pianist and singer
• 1964 – Harry J. Lennix, American actor
• 1964 – Maeve Quinlan, American actress
• 1964 – Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian actress
• 1965 – Mika Aaltonen, Finnish footballer
• 1965 – Mark Benton, English actor
• 1966 – Christian Lorenz, German keyboardist (Rammstein)
• 1966 – Dean McDermott, Canadian actor
• 1966 – Tahir Shah, British travel writer and explorer
• 1966 – Dave Kushner, American guitarist (Velvet Revolver)
• 1967 – Craig Arnold, American poet
• 1967 – Lisa Bonet, American actress
• 1968 – Vlado Šola, Croatian handball goalkeeper
• 1968 – Melvin Stewart, American swimmer
• 1970 – Martha Plimpton, American actress
• 1970 – Logan Mader, American guitarist (Machine Head)
• 1971 – Mustapha Hadji, Moroccan footballer
• 1971 – Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer
• 1971 – Koshi Rikdo, Japanese manga artist
• 1971 – Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer
• 1972 – Missi Pyle, American actress
• 1973 – Christian Horner, British Formula One team owner
• 1973 – Brendan Laney, Scottish rugby player
• 1974 – Eric Judy, American bassist (Modest Mouse)
• 1974 – Maurizio Margaglio, Italian ice dancer
• 1974 – Paul Scholes, British footballer
• 1975 – Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player
• 1976 – Mario Barravecchia, Belgian singer
• 1976 – Juha Pasoja, Finnish footballer
• 1976 – Danny Wallace, British author
• 1976 – Martijn Zuijdweg, Dutch swimmer
• 1977 – Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
• 1977 – Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress
• 1977 – Mauricio Ochmann, Mexican actor
• 1978 – Kip Bouknight, American baseball player
• 1978 – Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer
• 1978 – Carolina Parra, Brazilian guitarist and drummer (CSS)
• 1979 – Tony Frias, American footballer
• 1979 – Bruce Irons, American surfer
• 1980 – Kayte Christensen, American basketball player
• 1980 – Nicole Gius, Italian alpine skier
• 1980 – Carol Huynh, Canadian freestyle wrestler
• 1981 – Allison Crowe, Canadian singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist
• 1981 – Caitlin Glass, American voice actress
• 1981 – Kate Miller-Heidke, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1981 – Osi Umenyiora, English-born American football player
• 1982 – Jannie du Plessis, South African rugby player
• 1982 – Ronald Pognon, French sprinter
• 1982 – Amar'e Stoudemire, American basketball player
• 1983 – Chris Gocong, American football player
• 1983 – K, South Korean-born Japanese singer
• 1983 – Kari Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey goaltender
• 1983 – Britta Steffen, German swimmer
• 1984 – Kimberly J. Brown, American actress
• 1986 – Saeko, Japanese actress
• 1986 – Maxime Médard, French rugby player
• 1995 – Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor

Deaths

• 1093 – Saint Margaret of Scotland, Hungarian-born queen-consort of King Malcolm III of Scotland (b. c. 1045)
• 1240 – Saint Edmund Rich, English Archbishop of Canterbury (b. c. 1175)
• 1272 – King Henry III of England (b. 1207)
• 1328 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1276)
• 1613 – Trajano Boccalini, Italian satirist (b. 1556)
• 1628 – Paolo Quagliati, Italian composer (b. c. 1555)
• 1632 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (b. 1594)
• 1695 – Pierre Nicole, French philosopher (b. 1625)
• 1724 – Jack Sheppard, English burglar (b. 1702)
• 1745 – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman and soldier (b. 1665)
• 1773 – John Hawkesworth, English writer
• 1779 – Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. 1716)
• 1790 – Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
• 1797 – King Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744)
• 1802 – André Michaux, French botanist (b. 1746)
• 1806 – Moses Cleaveland, American lawyer and surveyor; namesake of Cleveland, Ohio (b. 1754)
• 1836 – Christian Hendrik Persoon, Dutch mycologist (b. 1761)
• 1878 – Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1874)
• 1884 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (b. 1835)
• 1885 – Louis Riel, Canadian politician (b. 1844)
• 1907 – Robert I, Duke of Parma (b. 1848)
• 1908 – Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, French-born Canadian politician (b. 1829)
• 1911 – A. A. Ames, American politician (b. 1842)
• 1922 – Max Abraham, German physicist (b. 1875)
• 1939 – Pierce Butler, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1866)
• 1950 – Bob Smith, American physician and temperance activist (b. 1879)
• 1956 – Ōtori Tanigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 24th Yokozuna (b. 1887)
• 1960 – Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901)
• 1961 – Sam Rayburn, American politician (b. 1882)
• 1971 – Edie Sedgwick, American socialite and heiress (b. 1940)
• 1972 – Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1889)
• 1973 – Alan Watts, English writer and philosopher (b. 1915)
• 1974 – Walther Meissner, German technical physicist (b. 1882)
• 1980 – Jayan, Indian actor (b.1938)
• 1982 – Arthur Askey, British comedian (b. 1900)
• 1982 – Lenny Murphy, Northern Irish loyalist figure (b. 1952)
• 1984 – Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (b. 1906)
• 1986 – Siobhán McKenna, Irish stage and screen actress (b. 1923)
• 1987 – Jim Brewer, American baseball player (b. 1937)
• 1987 – Zubir Said, Singaporean composer (b. 1907)
• 1989 – Jean-Claude Malépart, Quebec politician (b. 1938)
• 1993 – Lucia Popp, Slovakian soprano (b. 1939)
• 1993 – Achille Zavatta, Tunisia-born French clown (b. 1915)
• 1994 – Doris Speed, British actress (b. 1899)
• 1994 – Chet Powers, American musician (Quicksilver Messenger Service) (b. 1943)
• 1995 – Jack Finney, American writer (b. 1911)
• 1999 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1928)
• 2000 – Ahmet Kaya, Turkish singer and composer (b. 1957)
• 2000 – DJ Screw, American hiphop DJ (b. 1971)
• 2000 – Joe C., American rapper (b. 1974)
• 2001 – Tommy Flanagan, American jazz pianist (b. 1930)
• 2003 – Bettina Goislard, French relief worker (b. 1974)
• 2004 – Margaret Hassan, Irish aid worker (b. 1945)
• 2005 – Henry Taube, Canadian-born American chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1915)
• 2005 – Robert Tisch, American football team owner (b. 1926)
• 2005 – Donald Watson, English vegan advocate (b. 1910)
• 2006 – Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1912)
• 2006 – Yuri Levada, Russian sociologist (b. 1930)
• 2007 – Harold Alfond, American businessman (b. 1914)
• 2007 – Grethe Kausland, Norwegian actress and singer (b. 1947)
• 2007 – Trond Kirkvaag, Norwegian comedian and author (b. 1946)
• 2008 – Reg Varney, British actor (b. 1916)
• 2009 – Edward Woodward, British actor (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (b. 1978)
• 2010 – Wyngard Tracy, Filipino talent manager (b. 1952)
• 2010 – Donald Nyrop, American airline executive (b. 1912)
• 2010 – Ronni Chasen, American film publicist (b. 1946)
• 2010 – Britton Chance, American molecular biologist and yachtsman (b. 1913)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Edmund of Abingdon
  • Eucherius of Lyon
  • Gertrude the Great (Roman Catholic church)
  • Lebuinus
  • Margaret of Scotland
  • Matthew the Evangelist (Eastern Christianity)
  • Saint Othmar
  • November 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (Estonia)
• Day of Repentance and Prayer or Buß- und Bettag (the Protestant church bodies of Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United. A school holiday in Saxony and Bavaria)
• Icelandic Language Day or Dagur íslenskrar tungu (Iceland)
• International Day for Tolerance (International)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: November 16

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada