Novorossiysk

Novorossiysk (English) Новороссийск (Russian)
—  Inhabited locality  —
A perspective view of Novorossiysk
Location of Novorossiysk on the map of Krasnodar Krai
Coordinates: 44°43′N 37°46′E / 44.717°N 37.767°E / 44.717; 37.767Coordinates: 44°43′N 37°46′E / 44.717°N 37.767°E / 44.717; 37.767
Coat of arms
Holiday	12 September[citation needed]
Administrative status
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Krasnodar Krai
In administrative jurisdiction of	Krasnodar Krai[citation needed]
Municipal status
Municipal Status	Urban okrug
Mayor[citation needed]	Vladimir Sinyagovsky[citation needed]
Representative body	City Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Area	853 km2 (329.3 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2002 Census)	283,800 inhabitants[1]
- Rank	78
- Density	333 /km2 (900/sq mi)[2]
Time zone	MSK/MSD (UTC+3/+4)
Founded	1836[citation needed]
Postal code(s)	353900—353925[citation needed]
Dialing code(s)	+7 8617[citation needed]
Official website	http://admin.novoros.com/

Novorossiysk (Russian: Новоросси́йск; Adyghe: Цӏэмэз,Ts'emez) is a city in southern Russia, the main Russian port on the Black Sea, in Krasnodar Krai. It is one of the few cities honoured with the Soviet title of the Hero City. Population: 281,400 (2005 est.);^{[citation needed]} 232,079 (2002 Census);^[3] 185,938 (1989 Census).^[4]

History

A two-ruble coin dedicated to Novorossiysk as a Hero City

In antiquity, the shores of the Tsemess Bay were the site of Bata, an ancient Greek colony that specialized in the grain trade. It is mentioned in the works of Strabo and Ptolemy, among others. The Genoese merchants from the Ghisolfi family maintained a trade outpost there in the Middle Ages. Archaeological investigation of the area is in its infancy, but some interesting items have already been uncovered.[1]

Since 1722, the bay was commanded by the Ottoman fortress of Sujuk-Qale or Soğucak. After the coastline was ceded to Russia in 1829 as a result of a Russo-Turkish War, the admirals Mikhail Lazarev and Nikolay Raevsky founded an eastern base for the Black Sea Fleet on the shore in 1838. Named after the province of Novorossiya, the port formed a vital link in the chain of forts known as the Black Sea Coastal Line, which stretched south to Sochi.

During the rest of the 19th century, Novorossiysk developed rapidly and became the capital of the Black Sea Governorate, the smallest in the Russian Empire, in 1896. From August 26, 1918 until March 27, 1920 Novorossiysk was the principal centre of Denikin's White Army and the short-lived Novorossiya Republic. Many Whites escaped from Novorossiysk to Constantinople.

In 1942, the town was occupied by the Wehrmacht, but a small unit of Soviet sailors defended one part of the town, known as Malaya Zemlya, for 225 days, until it was liberated by the Red Army on September 16, 1943. The heroic defense of the port by the Soviet sailors allowed to retain possession of the city's bay, which prevented the Germans from using the port for supply shipments. Novorossiysk was awarded the title Hero City in 1973.

In 1960, the town was commemorated in Dmitri Shostakovich's work Novorossiysk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory (Opus 111b).

In 2003, President Putin signed a presidential decree setting up a naval base for the Black Sea Fleet in Novorossiisk. Russia has allocated 12.3 billion rubles (about $480 million) for the construction of the new base between 2007 and 2012. The construction of other facilities and infrastructure at the base, including units for coastal troops, aviation and logistics, will continue beyond 2012

The Russian lease on port facilities in Sevastapol, Ukraine's main port on the Black Sea, used by the Russian Navy, expires in 2017.^[5] Ukraine is reported to be planning to not renew the lease. If it does not Russia will have to move the Navy to Novorossiysk.

Economy

The city sprawls along the shore of the non-freezing Tsemess Bay, which has been recognised since antiquity as one of the superior bays of the Black Sea.

The Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port – with the market capitalization of $1,110,000,000 and shares listed at Russian Trading System and London Stock Exchange – serves Russian sea trade with regions of Asia, Middle East, Africa, Mediterranean, and South America. It is the busiest oil port in the Black Sea and the terminus of the pipeline from the Tengiz Field, developed by the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.

Novorossiysk is also an industrial city, dependent on steel, food processing, and the production of metal goods and other manufactures. Extensive limestone quarries supply important cement factories in and around the city. The town is home to the Maritime State Academy and Novorossiysk Polytechnic Institute.

Transport

Novorossiysk is connected by rail and highways to the main industrial and population centres of Russia, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. The public transportation within the city boundaries consists of city buses, trolleybuses, and marshrutkas.

The closest airport, Anapa Airport, is located in nearby Anapa and serves most major cities in Russia

A panoramic view of the port.

Sport

The city football team, FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk plays in the Russian first Division

Environs

Novorossiysk is not a resort town, but Anapa to the north and Gelendzhik to the south are. There are several urban settlements under the jurisdiction of Novorossiysk. The most famous is Abrau-Dyurso, which consists of a townlet on the shore of Lake Abrau and a village on the coast of the Black Sea, connected by a winding mountain road.

Myskhako, a small town of 5,700 inhabitants, is situated on the eastern slope of Mt. Koldun (447 m). It is associated with a WWII marine operation involving Leonid Brezhnev. The modern settlement is noted for its luxurious villas and wine-making facilities.

The area of Novorossiysk is one of Russia's main wine-growing regions. The wineries of Abrau-Dyurso, established by Tsar Alexander III in 1870, produce table and sparkling wines for domestic consumption.

Buildings and structures

• Novorossiysk TV Tower

The port of Novorossiysk

A panoramic view of the Tsemess Bay

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Novorossiysk is twinned with: Novorossiysk has ten sister cities

• Gainesville, USA
• Plymouth, UK
• Constanţa, Romania
• Livorno, Italy
• Valparaíso, Chile
• Gijón, Spain
• Varna, Bulgaria
• Pula, Croatia
• Novo Mesto, Slovenia
• Omsk, Russia
• Samsun, Turkey

References

Новороссийск

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Novorossiysk

• Soviet topographic map 1:100,000
• Municipal site (Russian)
• Novorossiysk commercial sea port (English)
• Informational portal of city (Russian)
• Our Novorossiysk (Russian)
• Photos of Novorossiysk (Russian)
• Photos of Durso, around Novorossiysk (English)
• Weather forecast for Novorossiysk (English)
• Informational portal of Novorossiysk (Russian)

v • d • e Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai Administrative center: Krasnodar Abinsk · Anapa · Apsheronsk · Armavir · Belorechensk · Gelendzhik · Goryachy Klyuch · Gulkevichi · Khadyzhensk · Korenovsk · Kropotkin · Krymsk · Kurganinsk · Labinsk · Novokubansk · Novorossiysk · Primorsko-Akhtarsk · Slavyansk-na-Kubani · Sochi · Temryuk · Tikhoretsk · Timashyovsk · Tuapse · Ust-Labinsk · Yeysk

Coordinates: 44°43′N 37°46′E / 44.717°N 37.767°E / 44.717; 37.767