Novorossiysk

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Novorossiysk (English) Новороссийск (Russian)
-  City[citation needed]  -
Clockwise from the top: The Novorossiysk TV Tower, Lenin Square, The City Harbor, The Shore Promenade, Turkish War Monument
Location of Krasnodar Krai in Russia
Novorossiysk Location of Novorossiysk in Krasnodar Krai
Coordinates: 44°43′N 37°46′E / 44.717°N 37.767°E / 44.717; 37.767Coordinates: 44°43′N 37°46′E / 44.717°N 37.767°E / 44.717; 37.767
Coat of arms	Flag
City Day	September 12[citation needed]
Administrative status (as of December 2001)
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Krasnodar Krai
Administratively subordinated to	City of Novorossiysk[1]
Administrative center of	City of Novorossiysk[1]
Municipal status (as of June 2009)
Urban okrug	Novorossiysk Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of	Novorossiysk Urban Okrug[2]
Mayor[citation needed]	Vladimir Sinyagovsky[citation needed]
Representative body	City Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Area	853 km2 (329 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	241,788 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010	76th
Population (2002 Census)	232,079 inhabitants[4]
- Rank in 2002	78th
Density	283 /km2 (730 /sq mi)[5]
Time zone	MSK (UTC+04:00)[6]
Founded	1838[citation needed]
Postal code(s)	353900—353925[citation needed]
Dialing code(s)	+7 8617[citation needed]
Official website
Novorossiysk on WikiCommons

Novorossiysk (Russian: Новоросси́йск; IPA: [nəvərɐˈsʲijsk]; Adyghe: Цӏэмэз, Ts'emez) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is the country's main port on the Black Sea and the leading Russian port for importing grain. It is one of the few cities honored with the title of the Hero City. Population: 241,788 (2010 Census preliminary results);^[3] 232,079 (2002 Census);^[4] 185,938 (1989 Census).^[7]

History

A two-ruble coin dedicated to Novorossiysk as a Hero City

In antiquity, the shores of the Tsemess Bay were the site of Bata, an ancient Greek colony that specialized in the grain trade. It is mentioned in the works of Strabo and Ptolemy, among others. The Genoese merchants from the Ghisolfi family maintained a trade outpost there in the Middle Ages. Archaeological investigation of the area is in its infancy, but some interesting items have already been uncovered.[1]

Since 1722, the bay was commanded by the Ottoman fortress of Sujuk-Qale or Soğucak. After the coastline was ceded to Russia in 1829 as a result of a Russo-Turkish War, the admirals Mikhail Lazarev and Nikolay Raevsky founded an eastern base for the Black Sea Fleet on the shore in 1838. Named after the province of Novorossiya, the port formed a vital link in the chain of forts known as the Black Sea Coastal Line, which stretched south to Sochi.

"A Map of The Caucasian Isthmus". Entworfen und gezeichnet von J. Grassl, 1856.

During the rest of the 19th century, Novorossiysk developed rapidly. It was granted city status in 1866 and became the capital of the Black Sea Governorate, the smallest in the Russian Empire, in 1896. In December 1905, the city was the seat of the short-lived Novorossiysk Republic. From August 26, 1918 until March 27, 1920, Novorossiysk was the principal center of Denikin's White Army. Denikin's South Russian Government was moved to Crimea and many Whites escaped from Novorossiysk to Constantinople.

The town was occupied by the Wehrmacht on September 10, 1942, but a small unit of Soviet sailors defended one part of the town, known as Malaya Zemlya, for 225 days beginning on February 4, 1943, and the town was liberated by the Red Army on September 16, 1943. The heroic defense of the port by the sailors allowed the Soviets to retain possession of the city's bay, which prevented the Germans from using the port for supply shipments. Novorossiysk was awarded the title Hero City in 1973.

In 1960, the town was commemorated in Dmitri Shostakovich's work Novorossiysk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory (Opus 111b).

In 2003, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree setting up a naval base for the Black Sea Fleet in Novorossiysk. Russia has allocated 12.3 billion rubles (about $480 million) for the construction of the new base between 2007 and 2012. The construction of other facilities and infrastructure at the base, including units for coastal troops, aviation and logistics, will continue beyond 2012.^{[citation needed]}

The Russian lease on port facilities in Sevastopol, Ukraine's main port on the Black Sea, used by the Russian Navy, was set to expire in 2017.^[8] Ukraine was reported to be planning to not renew the lease; however, in April 2010 the Russian and Ukrainian Presidents signed agreements to renew the lease by twenty-five years, with an option of further extension by five years, after the new term expires.

Administrative and municipal status

Administratively, along with twenty-four rural localities, it is incorporated as the City of Novorossiysk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] Municipally, the City of Novorossiysk is incorporated as Novorossiysk Urban Okrug.^[2]

Climate

Novorossiysk has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen climate classification Cfa).

Economy

The city sprawls along the shore of the non-freezing Tsemess Bay, which has been recognized since antiquity as one of the superior bays of the Black Sea.

The Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port–with the market capitalization of $1,110,000,000 and shares listed at Russian Trading System and London Stock Exchange–serves Russian sea trade with regions of Asia, Middle East, Africa, Mediterranean, and South America. It is the busiest oil port in the Black Sea and the terminus of the pipeline from the Tengiz Field, developed by the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.

Novorossiysk is also an industrial city, dependent on steel, food processing, and the production of metal goods and other manufactures. Extensive limestone quarries supply important cement factories in and around the city. The town is home to the Maritime State Academy and Novorossiysk Polytechnic Institute.

Transport

Novorossiysk is connected by rail and highways to the main industrial and population centres of Russia, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. The public transportation within the city boundaries consists of city buses, trolleybuses, and marshrutkas.

The closest airport, Anapa Airport, is located in nearby Anapa and offers flights to several major cities in Russia.

A panoramic view of the port.

Sports

The city association football team, FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk, plays in the Russian first Division.

Environs

Novorossiysk is not a resort town, but Anapa to the north and Gelendzhik to the south are. There are several urban settlements under the jurisdiction of Novorossiysk. The most famous is Abrau-Dyurso, which consists of a townlet on the shore of Lake Abrau and a village on the coast of the Black Sea, connected by a winding mountain road.

The area of Novorossiysk is one of Russia's main wine-growing regions. The wineries of Abrau-Dyurso, established by Tsar Alexander III in 1870, produce table and sparkling wines for domestic consumption.

Buildings and structures

• Novorossiysk TV Tower

The port of Novorossiysk

A panoramic view of the Tsemess Bay

Notable residents

• Ida Nudel (born 1931), refusenik and Israeli activist

Twin towns/sister cities

Novorossiysk is twinned with: Novorossiysk has twelve sister cities^[10]

• Plymouth, United Kingdom (since 1956)
• Livorno, Italy (since 1967)
• Valparaíso, Chile (since 1968)
• Gijón, Spain (since 1986)
• Gainesville, Florida, United States (since 1988)
• Varna, Bulgaria (since 1999)
• Pula, Croatia (since 1999)
• Constanţa, Romania (since 2002)
• Samsun, Turkey (since 2007)
• Tomsk, Russia (since 2008)
• Gavar, Armenia (since 2009)
• Novo Mesto, Slovenia (since 2010)

References

Notes

Sources

• Департамент по взаимодействию с правоохранительными органами администрации Краснодарского края. Справочная информация №20-2969/11-03 от 9 декабря 2011 г. «Выписка из реестра административно-территориальных единиц Краснодарского края». (Department of Cooperation with the Public Safety Organs of the Administration of Krasnodar Krai. Reference Information #20-2969/11-03 of December 9, 2001 Excerpt from the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai. ).
• Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №686-КЗ от 1 апреля 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования город Новороссийск и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №1756-КЗ от 3 июня 2009 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Краснодарского края об установлении границ муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №64–65, 17 апреля 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #686-KZ of April 1, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of Novorossiysk and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #1756-KZ of June 3, 2009 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

External links

• Municipal site (Russian)
• Novorossiysk commercial sea port (English)
• Informational portal of city (Russian)
• Our Novorossiysk (Russian)
• Photos of Novorossiysk (Russian)
• Soviet topographic map 1:100,000

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