Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD),chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD).

In obstructive lung disease airways are narrowed which results in resistance to air flow during breathing. In restrictive lung disease, expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself.

In obstructive lung disease airways are narrowed which results in resistance to air flow during breathing. In restrictive lung disease, expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself.

Chronic obstructive lung disease deaths are about twice as high among unskilled and semi-skilled laborers as among professionals

Chronic obstructive lung disease. This includes asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, and alleric bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The most common cause of obstructive lung disease is lung scarring after a tuberculosis infection.