October 25

October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 67 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1147 – The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a four-month siege.
• 1147 – Seljuk Turks completely annihilate German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
• 1415 – The army of Henry V of England defeats the French at the Battle of Agincourt.
• 1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
• 1747 – British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the second battle of Cape Finisterre.
• 1760 – George III becomes King of Great Britain.
• 1812 – War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
• 1828 – The St Katharine Docks opened in London.
• 1854 – The Battle of Balaklava during the Crimean War (Charge of the Light Brigade).
• 1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
• 1900 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
• 1917 – Traditionally understood date of the October Revolution, involving the capture of the Winter Palace, Petrograd, Russia. The date refers to the Julian Calendar date, and corresponds with November 7 in the Gregorian calendar.
• 1920 – After 74 days on Hunger Strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney died.
• 1924 – The forged Zinoviev Letter is published in the Daily Mail, wrecking the British Labour Party's hopes of re-election.
• 1938 – The Archbishop of Dubuque, Francis J. L. Beckman, denounces swing music as "a degenerated musical system... turned loose to gnaw away at the moral fiber of young people", warning that it leads down a "primrose path to hell".
• 1940 – Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
• 1944 – Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
• 1944 – The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine captain of World War II) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
• 1944 – The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Axis Powers occupation.
• 1944 – Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle in history, takes place in and around the Philippines between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the U.S. Third and U.S. Seventh Fleets.
• 1945 – The Republic of China takes over administration of Taiwan following Japan's surrender to the Allies.
• 1962 – Cuban missile crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows photos at the UN proving Soviet missiles are installed in Cuba.
• 1962 – Uganda joins the United Nations.
• 1962 – Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
• 1971 – The United Nations seated the People's Republic of China and expelled the Republic of China (see political status of Taiwan and China and the United Nations)
• 1977 – Digital Equipment Corporation releases OpenVMS V1.0.
• 1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague.
• 1983 – Operation Urgent Fury: The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.
• 1991 – History of Slovenia: Three months after the end of the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
• 1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
• 1997 – After a brief civil war which has driven President Pascal Lissouba out of Brazzaville, Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself the President of the Republic of the Congo.
• 2004 – Fidel Castro, Cuba's President, announces that transactions using the American Dollar will be banned.
• 2009 – The 25 October 2009 Baghdad bombings kills 155 and wounds at least 721.
• 2010 – Mount Merapi in Central Java, Indonesia, begins over a month of eruptions.

Births

• 1102 – William Clito, Count of Flanders (d. 1128)
• 1330 – Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
• 1510 – Renée of France, French princess (d. 1574)
• 1683 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
• 1709 – Georg Gebel (the younger), German musician and composer (d. 1753)
• 1759 – Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg), Russian empress (d. 1828)
• 1759 – William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
• 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
• 1772 – Geraud Duroc, French general (d. 1813)
• 1782 – Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
• 1800 – Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian, and politician (d. 1859)
• 1802 – Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strong man (d. 1864)
• 1806 – Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
• 1811 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
• 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
• 1838 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
• 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
• 1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
• 1864 – John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
• 1867 – Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d. 1937)
• 1868 – Dan Burke, Major League Baseball player (d. 1933)
• 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
• 1886 – Leo G. Carroll, English actor (d. 1972)
• 1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
• 1888 – Nils von Dardel, Swedish painter (d. 1943)
• 1889 – Abel Gance, French film director (d. 1981)
• 1889 – Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball pitcher (d. 1985)
• 1891 – Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
• 1892 – Nell Shipman, Canadian actress, screenwriter, and film producer (d. 1970)
• 1894 – Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu, Turkish minstrel (d. 1973)
• 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
• 1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian (d. 1998)
• 1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
• 1903 – Katharine Byron, U.S. Congresswoman (d. 1976)
• 1903 – Harry Shoulberg, American painter (d. 1995)
• 1908 – Edmond Pidoux, Swiss writer (d. 2004)
• 1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
• 1912 – Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
• 1914 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
• 1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
• 1917 – Lee MacPhail, American baseball manager and league executive
• 1918 – Chubby Jackson, American jazz double-bassist and band leader (d. 2003)
• 1921 – King Michael I of Romania
• 1923 – Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Bobby Thomson, Scotland born American baseball player (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Billy Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Earl Palmer, American rock & roll and rhythm and blues drummer (d. 2008)
• 1924 – Henry Sy, Chinese-Filipino businessman
• 1925 – Clancy Lyall, American soldier (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Ismail Gulgee, Pakistani painter
• 1926 – Jimmy Heath, American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger
• 1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano
• 1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress
• 1927 – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, former President of Uruguay
• 1927 – Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist (d. 1987)
• 1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
• 1928 – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1931 – Jimmy McIlroy, Irish footballer and football manager
• 1931 – Annie Girardot, French actress (d. 2011)
• 1932 – Harry Gregg, Irish footballer and football manager
• 1933 – Eugene "Porky" Lee, American child actor (d. 2005)
• 1935 – Sam Taylor, American jump blues musician and songwriter (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Russell Schweickart, astronaut
• 1936 – Sir Martin Gilbert, British historian
• 1936 – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
• 1937 – Roberto Menescal, Brazilian jazz guitarist important to founding of bossa nova
• 1939 – Zelmo Beaty, American basketball player
• 1939 – Fred Marcellino, American illustrator (d. 2001)
• 1939 – Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek film director and a writer (d. 2007)
• 1939 – Robin Spry, Canadian filmmaker and producer (d. 2005)
• 1940 – Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
• 1941 – Helen Reddy, Australian singer
• 1941 – Anne Tyler, American novelist
• 1944 – Jon Anderson, English singer (Yes)
• 1944 – James Carville, American political strategist and commentator
• 1944 – Kati Kovács, Hungarian singer
• 1945 – Peter Ledger, Australian artist (d. 1994)
• 1947 – Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
• 1947 – Coco Robicheaux, American blues musician
• 1948 – Dave Cowens, American basketball player and coach
• 1948 – Daniel Mark Epstein, American poet and biographer
• 1948 – Dan Gable, American wrestler and coach
• 1948 – Dan Issel, American basketball player
• 1949 – Réjean Houle, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1949 – Walter Hyatt, American singer and songwriter, leader of Uncle Walt's Band
• 1949 – Hans-Georg Kraus, German footballer
• 1950 – Chris Norman, English singer
• 1951 – Richard Lloyd, American guitarist (Television)
• 1952 – Samir Geagea, Lebanese Politician
• 1952 – Ioannis Kyrastas, Greek footballer and manager (d. 2004)
• 1952 – Mollie O'Brien, American singer, sister of Tim O'Brien
• 1954 – Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
• 1954 – David Worrall, Australian composer and polymedia artist
• 1955 – Glynis Barber, English actress
• 1955 – Danny Darwin, American baseball player
• 1955 – Robin Eubanks, American jazz trombonist
• 1955 – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist (Scorpions)
• 1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
• 1958 – Phil Daniels, English actor
• 1958 – Kornelia Ender, East German swimmer
• 1960 – Christina Amphlett, lead vocalist for The Divinyls
• 1961 – Ward Burton, American auto racer
• 1961 – Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
• 1961 – Janice Tanton, Canadian artist
• 1961 – Willie Walsh, Irish businessman
• 1962 – Nick Hancock, British television presenter
• 1962 – Darlene Vogel, American actress
• 1963 – Tracy Nelson, American actress
• 1964 – Michael Boatman, American actor
• 1964 – Nicole, German singer
• 1964 – Kevin Michael Richardson, American voice actor
• 1965 – Þorsteinn Bachmann, Icelandic actor
• 1965 – 2 Cold Scorpio, American professional wrestler
• 1966 – Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Perry Satullo, American professional wrestler
• 1969 – Josef Beranek, Czech ice hockey player
• 1969 – Nika Futterman, American voice actress
• 1969 – Oleg Salenko, Russian footballer
• 1970 – J.A. Adande, American sports columnist
• 1970 – Peter Aerts, Dutch kickboxer and martial artist
• 1970 – Adam Goldberg, American actor
• 1970 – Adam Pascal, American actor
• 1970 – Ed Robertson, Canadian musician (Barenaked Ladies)
• 1970 – Daniel Scheinhardt, German footballer
• 1970 – Chely Wright, American country music artist
• 1971 – Simon Charlton, English footballer
• 1971 – Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1971 – Neil Fallon, Lead singer of Clutch (band)
• 1971 – Midori Goto, Japanese violinist
• 1971 – Rosie Ledet, Creole Zydeco accordion player and singer
• 1971 – Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
• 1972 – Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor
• 1973 – Lamont Bentley, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1974 – Lee Byung-Kyu, South Korean baseball player
• 1974 – Goya Jaekel, German footballer
• 1975 – Ryan Clement, former XFL quarterback
• 1975 – Eirik Glambek Bøe, Norwegian musician
• 1976 – Brett Kirk, Australian Rules footballer
• 1976 – Steve Jones, Irish footballer
• 1977 – Yehonathan Gatro, Israeli singer and actor
• 1977 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
• 1978 – Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer
• 1978 – Markus Pöyhönen, Finnish athlete
• 1979 – Rob Hulse, English footballer
• 1979 – Bat for Lashes, British singer
• 1979 – Milena Roucka, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1979 – Sarah Thompson, American actress
• 1979 – Tony Torcato, American baseball player
• 1979 – Eddie Argos, British songwriter & musician
• 1980 – Mehcad Brooks, American actor and former model
• 1981 – Josh Henderson, American actor and singer
• 1981 – Jerome Isaac Jones, American singer
• 1981 – Austin Winkler, American lead vocalist (Hinder)
• 1981 – Jon Wood, American NASCAR driver
• 1981 – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
• 1982 – Jerome Carter, American football player
• 1982 – Eman Lam, Hong Kong singer
• 1983 – Han Yeo-reum, South Korean actress
• 1983 – Taylor Vixen, American pornographic actress
• 1983 – Tim McGarigle, American football player
• 1983 – Gyptian, Jamaican reggae singer
• 1984 – Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
• 1984 – Katy Perry, American singer
• 1985 – Ciara, American singer
• 1985 – Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer and Olympian
• 1986 – DJ Webstar, American disc jockey
• 1986 – Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
• 1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish football player
• 1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast and Olympic medallist
• 1988 – Shane Edwards, Australian Rules footballer
• 1989 – Ivan Marconi, Italian footballer
• 1993 – Kelley Missal, American actress
• 2001 – Princess Elisabeth of Belgium
• 2006 – Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins

Deaths

• 304 – Pope Marcellinus
• 625 – Pope Boniface V
• 1047 – King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
• 1154 – King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
• 1200 – Conrad of Wittelsbach, German Archbishop
• 1230 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, English soldier (b. 1180)
• 1400 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet
• 1415 – Killed in the Battle of Agincourt:
  • Charles d'Albret, Count of Dreux and Constable of France
  • John I of Alençon (b. 1385)
  • Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
  • Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
  • Philip II, Count of Nevers (b. 1389)
  • Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (b. 1394)
  • Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (b. 1373)
• 1478 – Katarina Kosača, queen consort of Bosnia
• 1492 – Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish Catholic bishop
• 1495 – King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
• 1514 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and statesman (b. 1431)
• 1555 – Olympia Fulvia Morata, Italian classical scholar (b. 1526)
• 1557 – William Cavendish, English politician (b. 1505)
• 1633 – Jean Titelouze, French organist
• 1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
• 1683 – William Scroggs, Lord Chief Justice of England
• 1733 – Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
• 1757 – Antoine Augustine Calmet, French theologian (b. 1672)
• 1760 – George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
• 1773 – Johann Georg Estor, German jurist (b. 1699)
• 1806 – Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
• 1826 – Philippe Pinel, French psychiatrist (b. 1745)
• 1833 – Abbas Mirza of Persia (b. 1789)
• 1852 – John C. Clark, American politician (b. 1793)
• 1889 – Émile Augier, French dramatist (b. 1820)
• 1895 – Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (b. 1819)
• 1905 – Dimosthenis Dogkas, Greek politician (unknown)
• 1910 – Willie Anderson, Scottish-born golfer (b. 1878)
• 1920 – King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
• 1920 – Terence MacSwiney, Irish playwright and activist (b. 1879)
• 1921 – Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
• 1936 – Antonios Miaoulis, Greek politician and revolutionary leader during the Greek War of Independence (b. 1800)
• 1938 – Alfonsina Storni, Argentine poet (b. 1892)
• 1945 – Robert Ley, German Nazi leader (b. 1890)
• 1953 – Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist (b. 1867)
• 1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
• 1957 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-born American organized crime figure (b. 1902)
• 1957 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, Irish writer (b. 1878)
• 1960 – Harry Ferguson, Irish farm equipment manufacturer (b. 1884)
• 1963 – Roger Désormière, French conductor (b. 1898)
• 1963 – Karl Terzaghi, Austrian-American engineer (b. 1883)
• 1965 – Eduard Einstein, son of Albert Einstein (b. 1910)
• 1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
• 1973 – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
• 1973 – Robert Scholl, German politician, father of Hans and Sophie Scholl (b. 1891)
• 1975 – Vladimir Herzog, Brazilian journalist and activist (b. 1937)
• 1976 – Raymond Queneau, French poet and novelist (b. 1903)
• 1979 – Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer, British military administrator (b. 1898)
• 1980 – Virgil Fox, American organist (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Sahir Ludhianvi, Indian poet and lyricist (b. 1921)
• 1985 – Gary Holton, English actor (b. 1952)
• 1986 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (b. 1919)
• 1991 – Bill Graham, American rock promoter (b. 1931)
• 1992 – Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
• 1993 – Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer/songwriter (b. 1958)
• 1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Kara Spears Hultgreen, American naval pilot (b. 1965)
• 1994 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
• 1995 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
• 1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish-born actress (b. 1920)
• 1998 – Warren Wiebe, American singer (b. 1953)
• 1999 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)
• 2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
• 2002 – Paul Wellstone, American politician (b. 1944)
• 2002 – René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher and spiritual figure (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Robert Strassburg, American composer (b. 1915)
• 2004 – John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
• 2005 – Wellington Mara, American football team owner (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Danny Rolling, American convicted murderer (b. 1954)
• 2007 – Martín Caballero, Colombian guerrilla leader
• 2008 – Anne Pressly, American news anchor (b. 1982)
• 2010 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (b. 1951)
• 2010 – Vesna Parun, Croatian poet (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Lisa Blount, American actress and producer (b. 1957)

Holidays and observances

• Armed Forces Day (Romania)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy
  • Crysanthus and Daria (Western Christianity)
  • Crispin and Crispinian
  • Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
  • Gaudentius of Brescia
  • Minias of Florence
  • October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day (Lithuania)
• Day of the Basque Country (Basque Country)
• Earliest day on which Nevada Day can fall, while October 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Friday in October. (Nevada)
• Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
• Retrocession Day (Taiwan)
• Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: October 25

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada