No, the old English language did not stop in 1066. The Norman Conquest in 1066 influenced the development of Middle English, which gradually replaced Old English as the dominant language in England. Old English continued to be used in some contexts alongside Middle English for a period of time.

Latin

of comes from Old English

The English language is about 1500-2000 years old. Modern English is somewhere between 300 and 400 years old--Shakespeare wrote in Early Modern English.

Old English belonged to the Germanic language family.