It's too general a question, I'm not sure what exactly to mention in the answer, however in the categorization you might find some of what you want. This is the pattern: [Romaji is English spelling of how a Japanese word is read]

- Japanese : Romaji : English

Nouns: (名詞 : meishi)

[ Plural and singular form of nouns in Japanese are the same.]

- 体 : karada : body

- 頭 : atama : head

- 髪 : kami : hair (on the head)

- 毛 : ke : hair (general)

- 顔 : kao : face (of human)

- 目 : me : eye

- 耳 : mimi : ear

- 鼻 : hana : nose

- 口 : kuchi : mouth

- 首 : kubi : neck

- 手 : te : hand

- 腕 : ude : arm

- 足 : ashi : leg, foot

- 日 : hi : sun (hi like in 'him')

- 月 : tsuki : moon

- 地球 : chikyuu : the earth

- 人間 : ningen : human

- 火 : hi : fire (hi like in 'him')

- 水 : mizu : water

- 土 : tsuchi : soil, earth

- 風 : kaze : wind, air

- 金 : kin : metal (also meaning gold & money)

(Japanese five elements philosophy is a bit different, not to be mistaken.)

Adjectives: (形容詞 : keiyoushi)

- 良い : ii : good, nice

- 悪い : warui : bad, terrible

- 美しい : utsukushii : beautiful

- 醜い : minikui : ugly

- 美味しい : oishii : delicious, tasty

- 不味い : mazui : unappetizing, distasteful

- 清潔 : seiketsu : clean, hygienic *

- 汚い : kitanai : dirty

- 大きい : ookii : big, large

- 小さい : chiisai: little, small

- 新しい : atarashii : new

- 古い : furui : old

- 早い : hayai : fast

- 遅い : osoi : slow

- 暖かい : atatakai : warm

- 涼しい : suzuzshii : cool, rather chilly

- 暑い : atsui : hot

- 寒い : samui : cold

- 高い : takai : tall, high (also expensive)

- 低い :hikui :short (as opposite to tall)

- 背が高い : se ga takai : tall (specifically of a person) *

- 背が低い : se ga hikui : short (specifically of a person) *

- 長い : nagai : long

- 短い : mijikai : short (as opposite to long)

- 高い : takai : expensive

- 安い : yasui : cheap

* : The rest of these adjectives are 'i'-ending (end with い) and can be used as modifiers (before a noun) too. But for 'se ga takai' and 'se ga hikui' there is slight change due to them being compounds. When used as modifiers form they are generally changed to 'se no takai' and 'se no hikui' instead. In case of 'seiketsu' (clean) it is added a な /na/ between it and the noun => 清潔な : seiketsu na.

Verbs: (動詞 : doushi)

- ある : aru : to be (inanimate objects)

- いる : iru : to be (animate objects)

- です : to be (as its auxiliary and linking verb usages _ polite word)

- 生きる : ikiru : to live, to be alive

- 死ぬ : shinu : to die

- 寝る : neru : to sleep (in bed/lying down)

- 眠る : nemuru : to sleep, to be asleep (anywhere)

- 起きる : okiru : to wake up

- 座る : suwaru : to sit

- 立つ : tatsu : to stand up

- 歩く : aruku : to walk

- 走る : hashiru : to run

- 食べる : taberu : to eat

- 飲む : nomu : to drink

- 行く : iku : to go

- 来る : kuru : to come

- 愛する : aisuru : to love (romantically)

- 憎む : nikumu : to hate

- 笑う : warau : to laugh

- 泣く : naku : to cry, to weep

- 微笑む : hohoemu : to smile

- 顰める : hisomeru : to frown (also read 'shikameru' with same meaning)

- 買う : kau : to buy

- 売る : uru : to sell

Greeting Expressions: (挨拶の言葉 : aisatsu no kotoba)

[It's common for these to be used is short form, usually first parts are said only; like arigatou gozaimashita => arigatou]

- こんにちは : konnichi WA : hello, good day, good afternoon

- おはようございます : ohayou gozaimasu : good morning

- さようなら : sayounara : good-bye

- こんばんは : konban WA : good evening

- おやすみなさい : sleep well, good night

- ありがとうございます : arigatou gozaimasu : thank you

- すみません : sumimasen : excuse me, I am sorry _ forgive me

- どうぞ : douzo : here you are, please accept _ please this way, please eat/come/go/enter etc

- 頑張ってください : ganbatte kudasai : do your best, good luck

- お待ち遠様でした : omachidou sama deshita : sorry to have kept you waiting

- よくできました : yoku dekimashita : you did well, well-done

- お美事 : omigoto : bravo, well-done, great job

- お疲れ様でした : otsukare sama deshita : (roughly:) sorry to have gotten you tired, thank you for this tiring job, figuratively used for saying 'let's call it a day', 'that's it for today' etc.

- いただきます : itadakimasu : an expression to appreciate, said before having the food

- ご馳走様でした : gochisou sama deshita : an expression to appreciate, said after having the food

- お粗末様でした : osomatsu sama deshita : in answer to 'gochisou sama deshita', to indicate humility

- 本の気持です : honno kimochi desu : poite expression used when offering/presenting something to someone, roughly means it's not worthy of you, [literally] it is a mere bit of my feelings

- 大変お久しぶりですね : ohisashiburi desu ne : it's been a while, long time no see

- ご無沙汰たしております : gobusatashite orimasu : very polite/formal way of saying 'ohisashiburi desu ne'.

- 幸運を祈ります : kou'un wo inorimasu : I wish you (the best of) luck, polite for good luck

- お世話になりました : osewa ni narimashita : literalyy means 'I have caused you trouble', used to thanking politely for something done usu something that has taken a while

- はじめまして : hajimemashite : ncie to meet you, how do you do

- ご免ください : gomen kudasai : usu used when entering or knocking/ringing someone's bell etc, please excuse me, may I come in, is anyone home etc

- 失礼します : shitsurei shimasu : excuse me, used when entering/leaving a place, politely asking for permission etc, literally meaning I will be rude

- お元気ですか : ogenki desu ka : how are you, are you doing good etc

- よろしくおねがいいたします : yorishiku onegaishimasu : a polite expression roughly meaning 'looking forward to (being in a community, working with someone, being acquainted with someone etc), please treat me well, please remember me etc.

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