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paladin

 
American Heritage Dictionary:

pal·a·din

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(păl'ə-dĭn) pronunciation
n.
  1. A paragon of chivalry; a heroic champion.
  2. A strong supporter or defender of a cause: "the paladin of plain speaking" (Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.).
  3. Any of the 12 peers of Charlemagne's court.

[French, from Italian paladino, from Late Latin palātīnus, palatine. See palatine1.]


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Roget's Thesaurus:

paladin

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noun

    A person revered especially for noble courage: hero. See fear/courage.

Gale Musician Profiles:

The Paladins

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Rockabilly group

Whether yelping greasy rockabilly, wailing West Coast R&B, crooning Bakersfield-influenced country, or dabbling in small combo swing, the Paladins have kept their roots-music faith alive the hardest way possible—on the road. Despite changing line-ups, record deals gone sour, shifting trends, and heart-wrenching personal problems, the trio continues to earn a solid living as a top attraction in clubs. In the process, this venerable group has become nearly as important to the rockabilly faithful as some of the genre's pioneers.

Group leader Dave Gonzalez's initial influences came from his mother, who listened to such early rock 'n' roll icons as Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, and the Rolling Stones. On the flip side, his father's love of country singers Buck Owens and Merle Haggard also made a strong impression on him. Gonzalez's interest in music turned serious when his cousin Greg Leach gave him his first electric guitar in 1974, along with a Freddie King album. Jamming with older musicians also helped him develop a keen taste for blues as set down by B.B. King, Muddy Waters, and Johnny Winter.

Formed Quartet
Thomas Yearsley was also a guitar player, but switched over to the upright bass so he could play in his high school jazz band at approximately the same time he began playing music with Gonzalez. Eventually, rockabilly buff Whit Broadly befriended the two, and after Gonzalez showed him some chords, he joined the as yet unnamed trio as a guitarist. Getting a drummer for their odd mix of blues, country, and early rock 'n' roll proved somewhat difficult at first, but once Gus Griffin joined, they had a full-fledged quartet ready to take on gigs.

In a Rockabilly Hall of Fame (RHOF) interview, Gonzalez noted that Broadly named the group after an old TV series. "That's exactly where we got it, Paladin—Have Gun Will Travel. We were really into rockabilly but we weren't into dressing like modern country and western stars. ...We wanted to look like a cross between Richard Boone and early Elvis."

At the time, neither the band's music nor its sartorial flair were popular with their fellow students. "When we first started out, we all really felt like outcasts, man," Gonzalez laughingly told the ROHF. "We got called all kinds of names and people tried to pick fights with us because we had leather jackets on and greasy hair. People would call us 'Sha-Na-Na' [the kitschy 1950s tribute group] and they didn't know what we were."

Influenced by the Blasters
If the Stray Cats' brief explosion onto the pop charts in 1982 opened some doors for the Paladins, another California band, The Blasters, paved the way for their eclectic mix. "They were the ones we really identified with," Gonzalez told the RHOF. "They were kind of rockabilly but they were also R&B, blues, country, and folk all at the same time. To me those guys were the greatest, they smoked everybody." Although they drew from the same inspirational wellspring, the Paladins were generally overshadowed by the Blasters and other up-and-comers such as the Kingbees, Los Lobos, the Fabulous Thunderbirds and Stevie Ray Vaughan, whom they deeply admired. Later they would do two tours with Vaughan, but in the beginning they were still struggling with personnel problems.

Drummer Griffin departed in late 1983, followed by Broadly, who was tired of the poor money and hectic scrambling on the road. With the addition of ex-Red Devil drummer Scott Campbell, the Paladins officially became a trio and started making some inroads in Southwestern clubs while struggling to get a record deal. Mark Neill, whose own eclectic band The Unknowns also had a strong cult following, produced the Paladins' first recordings, and taught them the value of amplifiers, speakers, and recording with vintage equipment. "We still use all old equipment and really try hard to present our whole sound as authentically as we can and make it really sound like how it used to be when the original cats were playing," Gonzalez told the RHOF.

Neill, along with Fabulous Thunderbird leader Kim Wilson, Los Lobos saxophonist Steve Berlin, and engineer Mark Linett shared producing chores for the band's self-titled debut on the Wrestler label. Boasting guest contributions from blues pianist Katie Webster and Anson Funderburgh, the LP created the mold for most of the Paladins' albums to follow. Inspired remakes of obscure old tunes such as "Slow Down," "Daddy Yar," and "Make It," were combined with authentic-sounding Gonzalez-penned originals. Released in 1986, the set was well-loved by the band's fans, when they could find it. Today, Gonzalez wishes he had listened to a friend's warning. "Keith Ferguson from the Tailgaters called one night and said, 'Don't do it. The guy's jive, he won't pay you, he'll rip you off. He owes us a bunch of money.' I said, 'Oh man, we need a record out so bad. We're out here on the road with our little single, we're starving to death and we need to make an album." Their haste resulted in an album, but the band has never been able to collect royalties, even though the album has been kept in constant release.

Hit Early Peak at Alligator
The band did not remain with Wrestler for long. Impressed by their live show, the Chicago-based blues label Alligator Records bought out the remainder of their contract and added the group to their impressive roster. The band would still play rockabilly and bits of country at their live shows, but the accent on their Alligator recordings was blues and R&B. Produced by Berlin and Linett, the Paladins' two discs for Alligator allowed them to survive the demise of rockabilly as a hot underground trend, and helped establish their identities for club owners. Many songs from that era, i.e., the stomping blues of "Let's Buzz," the swinging remake of Brook Benton's "Kiddio," and the grinding R&B of "Goin' Down to Big Mary's," remain often-requested staples of the band's live shows. Equally important in a financial sense, the band attracted a tour sponsor, The Miller Brewing Company.

Let's Buzz! featured legendary saxman Lee Allen, who played on sessions for rock 'n' roll pioneers Fats Domino, Little Richard, and Lloyd Price. Gonzalez has admitted that the recording remains a high point for the band. However, the young trio—now featuring Brian Fahey on drums—began to resent their label's perceived interference. "I liked working with them a lot, at first," Gonzalez told the RHOF. "I think the first record Years Since Yesterday has a good sound—we had control over our production at that time. But then, on Let's Buzz!, they started trying to control our sound and productions, so we left." As events turned out, leaving Alligator nearly destroyed their careers as a recording act.

Smaller Labels Stalled Career
The band saw two deals—one with Geffen, the other with Interscope—go down the tubes before they latched on to the relatively small art label Sector 2 in 1994. Produced by Los Lobos guitarist Cesar Rosas, Ticket Home reveled in the deftly accented Swing-revival beats of jazz drummer Jeff Donovan. Although it also contained one of the band's best rockers, "Fifteen Days Under the Hood," the poorly distributed disc was mainly available at Paladins' shows. When Sector 2 went belly up, the band added four tracks and leased it to various small companies with the title Rejivenated.

Gonzalez refers to 1996's Million Mile Club as "my guitar album." Boasting hot renditions of their Alligator recordings, plus two stunning, jazzy instrumentals, it showed the group off at their sweaty in-concert best. However, 4AD, the label that released the album, was primarily known as a punk and gothic label and had no clear idea on how to market the album. Record chains were confused about where to stock the disc and even their most loyal fans had trouble finding it. To compound the problem, group co-founder Yearsley left the band to aid in the fledgling recording career of his wife, the blues-belting ex-stripper Candye Kane. Donovan also departed shortly after. Although they were constantly booked in clubs and at festivals worldwide, it seemed that the Paladins' days as a viable recording act were over.

Revived at Ruf
Undeterred, however, the grouped returned to their musical roots, along with producer Mark Neill. Neill, who had never completely endorsed the band's switch to the blues, accentuated their rockabilly and country leanings, and sharpened their songs' hooks. The result was 1999's Slippin' In, a high water mark in their career. Named after the first 45 rpm single they did with Neill—an old Eddie Bond rocker—the disc blended dazzling remakes of Wynn Stewart's "Rain Rain," Gram Parsons' "Strong Boy," and Johnny Bond's "Five Minute Love Affair," with a masterful surf instrumental, and their best-ever original song, "The Hard Way."

Released on the German-based blues label Ruf Records to great acclaim, the album completely restored the group's reputation with the rockabilly faithful, making them a hot act once again. In Blue Suede News Gonzalez described the creative process Neill inspired: "When Mark hears a song a lightbulb goes on and he takes over on it. I come in and say, 'Hey, I wrote this kind of country song—or a Sun Records kind of thing.' And he'll say, 'Yeah, it's kind of that, but listen to these records and tell me what you think.'... I write 'em but Mark produces and arranges the whole thing. The guys always jump in there and add their things to it too." Further, the Paladins' leader explained, "Mark's the one playing those [Nashville] baritone-guitar solos, though I have to twist his arm to do it."

Although similar to the first album in style and content, the band's 2001 Ruf album Palvoline No. 7 displays more gut level emotion. Both Gonzalez and Yearsley had gone through divorces and the impact was felt in their work. The big beat numbers such as Wynn Stewart's "She Tears Me Up," the surf-drenched instrumental "Powershake," and their own "How Long You Gonna Tease Me," were still in evidence. But they infused rocking rants like Jerry Reed's "You Make It They Take It" with palpable anger, and Brook Benton's "Just A Matter of Time" with shades of country heartache. They had become accomplished recording artists at last.

Still Growing Artistically
The combination of Ruf Records and Mark Neill seemed to be a good fit for the Paladins, but Gonzalez complained that his label didn't promote Palvoline No. 7 with any gusto. The whole record industry was suffering great financial reversals, and Ruf was no exception. Characteristically, the group departed for what they hoped were greener pastures, only to see their 2003 album El Matador, a collection of raw, stripped-down performances, released on Yearsley's own Lux Records label.

If the Paladins are discouraged, they don't show it. Still booked for close to 200 dates a year, they continue to draw a unique audience of college kids, rockabilly and blues afficionados, and fellow guitarists seeking to pick up licks by watching Gonzalez work his on-stage magic. Of the group, it is Gonzalez who seemingly never tires. When not touring with the Paladins, he plays jazz with a San Diego ensemble known as the Joint Chiefs, and lays down pure country music with Chris Gaffney, Hank Gallup, and Jimmy Lloyd, who call themselves the Hacienda Brothers. After all the ups and downs, what keeps him going? "The passion that I have for the sounds of old records," he explained in a phone interview. "I keep aspiring to make sounds that match up with all those great old records playing in my head."

Selected discography
Who's Listening, Government, 1982.
Best of L.A. Rockabilly, Rhino, 1983.
The Paladins, Wrestler, 1986.
Years Since Yesterday, Alligator, 1988.
Let's Buzz, Alligator, 1990.
Ticket Home, Sector 2, 1994; reissued as Rejivenated, Hootenany, 2004.
Million Mile Club, 4AD, 1996.
Slippin' In, Ruf, 1999.
Palvoline No. 7, Ruf, 2001.
El Matador, Lux, 2003.

Sources
Periodicals
Blue Suede News #56, Spring 2001.
Country Standard Time, March 2001.

Online
"The Paladins," Rockabilly Hall of Fame, http://www.rockabillyhall.com (February 1, 2004).
The Paladins Official Website, http://www.thepaladins.net (February 1, 2004).
Additional information was obtained from various interviews with Paladins' leader Dave Gonzalez during 2000-01, and in a phone interview conducted on February 5, 2004, from which all quotations were taken.
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For other uses, see Paladin (disambiguation).
Roland is girt with a sword by Charlemagne, from a manuscript of a chanson de geste
Look up paladin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The paladins, sometimes known as the Twelve Peers, were the foremost warriors of Charlemagne's court, according to the literary cycle known as the Matter of France.[1] They first appear in the early chansons de geste such as The Song of Roland, where they represent Christian martial valor against the Saracen hordes. The paladins and their associated exploits are largely later fictional inventions, with some basis on historical Frankish retainers of the 8th century and events such as the Battle of Roncevaux Pass and the confrontation of the Frankish Empire with Umayyad Al-Andalus in the Marca Hispanica.

Contents

Etymology

The earliest recorded instance of the word paladin in the English language dates to 1592, in a poem written by Samuel Daniel.[1] It entered English through the Middle French word paladin, which itself derived from the Italian paladino.[1] All these words for Charlemagne's Twelve Peers descend ultimately from the Latin palatinus, most likely through the Old French palatin.[1] The Latin palatinus referred to an official of the Roman Emperor connected to the imperial palace on the Palatine Hill; over time this word came to refer to other high-level officials in the imperial, majestic and royal courts.[2] The word palatine, used in various European countries in the medieval and modern eras, has the same derivation.[2]

By the 13th century words referring specifically to Charlemagne's peers began appearing in European languages; the earliest is the Italian paladino.[1] Modern French has paladin, Spanish has paladín or paladino (reflecting alternate derivations from the French and Italian), while German has Paladin.[1] By extension "paladin" has come to refer to any chivalrous hero such as King Arthur's Knights of the Round Table.[1]

Paladin was also used to refer to the leaders of armies supporting the Protestant Frederick V in the Thirty Years War ending in 1648.[3]

History

The death of Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux, from an illustrated manuscript of the 15th century

In their earliest appearances the paladins were not the companions of Charlemagne, but of his vassal Roland. This Roland is based on the historical figure Hruodland, who is mentioned by Charlemagne's biographer Einhard as a Lord of the Breton March who died in the Battle of Roncevaux Pass; nothing else of him is known.[4] By the end of the 12th century the paladins were increasingly thought of as an association reporting to the king after the fashion of the Round Table; the earliest romance to portray them in this way is Fierabras, dating to around 1170. The names of the twelve paladins vary from romance to romance, and often more than twelve are named. The number is popular because it resembles the Twelve Apostles giving the king the position of Jesus as a reminder of his holy mission as ruler. All Carolingian paladin stories feature paladins by the names of Roland and Oliver; other recurring characters are Archbishop Turpin, Ogier the Dane, Huon of Bordeaux, Fierabras, Renaud de Montauban and Ganelon. Tales of the paladins once rivaled the stories of King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table in popularity.

The paladins figure into many chansons de geste and other tales associated with Charlemagne. In the above-mentioned Fierabras, they retrieve holy relics stolen from Rome by the Saracen giant Fierabras and (in some versions) convert him to Christianity and recruit him to their ranks. In Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne they accompany their king on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Constantinople in order to outdo the Byzantine Emperor Hugo. However, their greatest moments come in The Song of Roland, which depicts their defense of Charlemagne's army against the Saracens of Al-Andalus, and their deaths at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass due to the treachery of Ganelon. The Song of Roland lists the twelve paladins as Roland, Charlemagne's nephew and the chief hero among the paladins; Oliver, Roland's friend and strongest ally; and Gérin, Gérier (these two are killed in the same laisse [123] by the same Saracen, Grandonie), Bérengier, Otton, Samson, Engelier, Ivon, Ivoire, Anséis, Girard (similar spellings are possible).[5] Other characters elsewhere considered part of the twelve appear in the Song, such as Archbishop Turpin and Ogier the Dane.

The Italian Renaissance authors Matteo Maria Boiardo and Ludovico Ariosto, whose works were once as widely read and respected as William Shakespeare's, contributed prominently to the literary and poetical reworking of the tales of the epic deeds of the paladins. Their works, Orlando Innamorato and Orlando Furioso, send the paladins on even more fantastic adventures than their predecessors. They list the paladins quite differently, but keep the number at twelve.[6] Boiardo and Ariosto's paladins are Orlando (Roland), Charlemagne's nephew and the chief hero among the paladins; Oliver, the rival to Roland; Ferumbras (Fierabras), the Saracen who became a Christian; Astolpho, descended from Charles Martel and cousin to Orlando; Ogier the Dane; Ganelon the betrayer, who appears in Dante Alighieri's Inferno;[7] Rinaldo (Renaud de Montauban); Malagigi (Maugris), a sorcerer; Florismart, a friend to Orlando; Guy de Bourgogne; Namo (Naimon or Namus), Duke of Bavaria, Charlemagne's trusted adviser; and Otuel, another converted Saracen.

The Italian Orlandos inspired a number of composers over the next few centuries, who created operas and other musical works on Orlando and the paladins. Afterwards the Charlemagne material went into decline. While the Arthurian legend experienced a major revival in the 19th century in the hands of the Romantic and Victorian poets, writers, and artists, ensuring that Arthur and his knights are well known into the 21st century, no such resurgence occurred for Charlemagne and his paladins. Modern adaptations and reworkings including the Carolingian paladins are few and far between, but the concept of the chivalrous "paladin" lives on.

Modern use

Royal Military College of Canada mascot - Paladin

The Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario, is represented in Canadian Interuniversity Sport by the RMC Paladins.

Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina, uses the name "Furman Paladins" for their athletic teams.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s the United States television series Have Gun – Will Travel starred Richard Boone as a "knight without armor" called "Paladin".[8]

In the 20th century the popular role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons featured a character class called the paladin, inspired by the Charlemagne stories.[9] Many later games have followed suit depicting the paladin as a holy knight and paragon of virtue and goodness, and it has become a staple in modern fiction of high fantasy.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Paladin". From the Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
  2. ^ a b "Palatine". From the Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
  3. ^ Wilson, Peter H. The Thirty Years War; Europe's Tragedy, Harvard University Press, 2009
  4. ^ Dutton, Paul Edward, ed. and trans. Charlemagne's Courtier: The Complete Einhard, pp. 21-22. Peterborough, Ontario, Canada: Broadview Press, 1998.
  5. ^ Conradus the priest (12th century), Song of Roland. ISBN 3-920153-02-2
  6. ^ Frank, Grace, La Passion du Palatinus : mystère du XIVe siècle, in : Les Classiques français du moyen âge (30) Paris 1922.
  7. ^ The Divine Comedy, Canto XXXII.
  8. ^ Have Gun – Will Travel closing theme song, hgwt.com, imdb entry
  9. ^ DeVarque, Aardy. "Literary Sources of D&D". Archived from the original on 2007-07-21. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/rgfdfaq/sources.html&date=2007-07-20+21:51:07. Retrieved 2007-02-23. 

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Translations:

Paladin

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - sagnhelt

Nederlands (Dutch)
paladijn

Français (French)
n. - paladin

Deutsch (German)
n. - fahrender Ritter

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ιστ.) παλαδίνος

Italiano (Italian)
paladino

Português (Portuguese)
n. - paladino (m)

Русский (Russian)
паладин

Español (Spanish)
n. - paladín

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - vandrande riddare, förkämpe

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
查理大帝, 游侠, 骑士

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 查理大帝, 遊俠, 騎士

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 무예를 닦는 사람, 무협가, Charlemagne 대제의 12용사의 한 사람

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - シャルルマーニュ, 武者修行者, 主唱者

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) نصير لأحد الأمراء‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮אביר נודד, לוחם‬

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American Heritage Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Roget's Thesaurus. Roget's II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition by the Editors of the American Heritage® Dictionary Copyright © 1995 byHoughton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Gale Musician Profiles. Contemporary Musicians © 1989-2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Random House Word Menu. © 2010 Write Brothers Inc. Word Menu is a registered trademark of the Estate of Stephen Glazier. Write Brothers Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
 Rhymes. Oxford University Press. © 2006, 2007 All rights reserved.  Read more
Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary. Collins Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary © Anne Bradford, 1986, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008 HarperCollins Publishers All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia on Answers.com. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Paladin.  Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

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