Used formerly as a title for military and civil officers, especially in Turkey and northern Africa.
[Turkish paşa, from Persian pādshāh. See Padishah.]
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Used formerly as a title for military and civil officers, especially in Turkey and northern Africa.
[Turkish paşa, from Persian pādshāh. See Padishah.]
Ottoman administrative and military title. The Ottomans introduced the title "pasha" (modern Turkish, paşa) in the fourteenth century. It was used for the governors of sanjaks, or liwas, but later was bestowed upon other men of high military or governmental rank. With the reorganization of the Ottoman administration in 1864, governors of provinces (vilayets) were given the title pasha. The term remained in use in Turkey and some Arab countries, although it was banned in most of these in the twentieth century. It is still sometimes used, but only to refer to a man in an honorific fashion. See also Liwa and Vilayet.
Pasha, pacha or bashaw (Turkish: paşa) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals. As an honorary title, "Pasha" in one of its various ranks is equivalent to the British title of "Lord".
Etymologists variously derive the word pasha from the Persian padshah, equivalent to "king" or "emperor" (well above his station, though: used for the Great Sultan himself), and from the Turkish bash ağa[1] (in some dialects pash), "head lord", tribal "chief" etc. (more likely for an officer). Old Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/. As first used in western Europe, the title appeared in writing with the initial "b". The English forms bashaw, bassaw, bucha etc., general in the 16th and 17th century, derive from the medieval Latin and Italian word bass.
The Ottoman sultan of Turkey and (by delegation) the viceroyal khedive of Egypt had the right to bestow the title of Pasha. The title appears, originally, to have applied exclusively to military commanders, but subsequently it could distinguish any high official, and also unofficial persons whom the court desired to honour.
It was also part of the official style of the Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral of the entire Ottoman fleet).
Pashas ranked above Beys and Aghas, but below Khedives and Viziers.
Three grades of Pasha existed, distinguished by the number of yak- or horse-tails (three, two and one respectively; a symbol of Turco-Mongol tradition) or peacock tails, which the bearers were entitled to display on their standard as a symbol of military authority when on campaign. Only the Sultan himself was entitled to four tails, as sovereign commander in chief.
The following military ranks entitled the holder to the style Pasha (lower ranks were styled Bey or merely Effendi):
If a Pasha governed a provincial territory, it could be called a pashaluk after his military title, besides the administrative term for the type of jurisdiction, e.g. eyalet, vilayet. Both Beylerbeys (governors-general) and Valis (the most common type of Governor) were entitled to the style of Pasha (typically with two tails). The word pashalik designated any province or other jurisdiction of a Pasha.
Ottoman authorities conferred the title upon both Muslims and Christians without distinction. They also frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the Turks or of the Egyptians, e.g. *Hobart Pasha.
In usage, the title followed the given name. Although the word serves as a non-hereditary title, English speakers have commonly used Pasha as if it formed part of a personal name, as for instance in Ibrahim Pasha or Emin Pasha, similar to the practice of referring to a British Peer as Lord X, since in both cases it substitutes for a more precise rank title.
The sons of a Pasha were styled Pashazada or Pasha-zade, which means just that.
In modern Egyptian and (to a lesser extent) Levantine Arabic, it is used as an honorific closer to "Sir" than "Lord," especially by older people.
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Dansk (Danish)
n. - pasha, sværmeri
Deutsch (German)
n. - Pascha (hoher türk. Beamter)
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ιστ.) πασάς
Português (Portuguese)
n. - paxá (m)
Español (Spanish)
n. - bajá, pachá
中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
巴夏
中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 巴夏
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 주지사, 군사령관, 파샤 (터키의 문무 고관의 존칭)
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) باشا : لقب تركي قديم
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - תוארו של קצין בכיר או מושל מחוז בקיסרות התורכית, באשא (תואר), פחה
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