The Pashtuns are an Iranic ethnic group living in Afghanistan
and Pakistan. They are typically characterized by the usage of the
Eastern Iranian Pashto language and practice of Pashtunwali, which
is a traditional set of ethics guiding individual and communal
conduct. Their origins are unclear.
The Pushtun heartland extends along the eastern and southern
Afghanistan border, from Nuristan in the north down to the southern
provinces around Qandahar. Almost every province of Afghanistan has
Pashutns living in it.
Pushtuns can be identified by three major traits: their language
(Pashto); their lineage (they consider themselves descended from
one founding ancestor); and their code of honor, called
pushtunwali. It is a legal and moral code covering issues of honor
(namuz), solidarity (nang), hospitality (melmastai), and shame and
revenge (badal). "For a Pushtun, the defense of namuz, even unto
death, is required,"
"I am a Pushtun first, a Muslim second, and an Afghan third, but
Afghanistan is and will always be land of Pashutns." a quote which
is used by almost all Pashtuns.