
pass away
bring to pass
[Middle English passen, from Old French passer, from Vulgar Latin passāre, from Latin passus, step. See pace1.]
passer pass'er n.USAGE NOTE The past tense and past participle of pass is passed: They passed (or have passed) our home. Time had passed slowly. Past is the corresponding adjective (in centuries past), adverb (drove past), preposition (past midnight), and noun (lived in the past).
verb
phrasal verb - pass away
phrasal verb - pass off
phrasal verb - pass out
phrasal verb - pass over
noun
Definition: authorization, permission
Antonyms: denial, grounding, refusal, rejection, veto
n
Definition: opening through solid
Antonyms: closing, closure
v
Definition: cease
Antonyms: live
v
Definition: decide not to do
Antonyms: accept, be willing
v
Definition: enact, legislate
Antonyms: deny, refuse, veto
v
Definition: give, transfer
Antonyms: receive, take
v
Definition: go by, elapse; move onwards
Antonyms: get, take, use
v
Definition: succeed, graduate; surpass, beat
Antonyms: fail, fall behind, lose
v. 1. move in a specified direction: the shells from the Allied guns were passing very low overhead.
2. (of a candidate) be successful in (an examination, test, or course): she passed her driving test.
3. judge the performance or standard of (someone or something) to be satisfactory: he was passed fit by army doctors.
4. be accepted as adequate; go uncensured: she couldn't agree, but let it pass.
pass muster see muster.
See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.
A single progression of a welding operation along a joint, resulting in a weld bead.
Lacan invented the pass to clarify and formalize the transition between analysand and analyst: "This dark cloud that covers this juncture I am concerned with here, the one at which the psychoanalysand passes to becoming a psychoanalyst—that is what our School can work at dissipating" (Lacan, 1995).
Lacan's foundation of theÉcole freudienne de Paris (Freudian School of Paris) on June 21, 1964, was marked by the originality of its membership categories. No longer were there permanent members or didacticians, since an analysis could be recognized as didactic only after the fact by the analysand in question becoming an analyst. There were three categories of membership: analyst of the school (a title initially given to all the former permanent members of the Société psychanalytique de Paris [Paris Psychoanalytic Society] and the Société française de psychanalyse [French Society of Psychoanalysis]), member analysts of the school (who were nominated by a reception committee that guaranteed the "competence" and "regularity" of the candidate's analytic practice), and practicing analysts (who declared their own practice to be analytic, although it was not guaranteed by the school).
Internal conflicts soon developed within the school over training and clinical ability. In an attempt to overcome this crisis, François Perrier proposed, on March 31, 1967, in an address to the analysts of the school, the formation of a college of analysts of the school, which would be devoted to "the clinic as a career and a vocation" (1994). This initiative did not receive any support from Lacan, who wrote up an alternative plan under the title "Proposition of 9 October 1967 on the psychoanalyst of the school" (1995). The procedure that Lacan proposed involved having a candidate give an account of an analysis in which the candidate was the analysand before three "passers," who had been nominated by their own analysts. The passers would then report about their sense of the analysis to an acceptance committee, which could then allow the candidate to pass from analysand to analyst.
This initiative gave rise to a lively debate within the school. As early as 1968, Piera Aulagnier, Maud Mannoni, François Perrier, and Jean-Paul Valabrega made their objections known (later published in Analytica, 7 [1978]). And when Lacan put the proposal to a vote for inclusion in the school's statutes during the Lutetia (Paris) session, Piera Aulagnier, François Perrier, and Jean-Paul Valabrega resigned from the school.
Nevertheless, the pass was put into practice. It seemed that Lacan expected the pass to be not an "experiment in unconscious knowledge," but a "revelation." Thus the pass had nothing to do with analysis. In 1974, in a letter to three of his Italian adherents (Giacomo Contri, Muriel Drazien, and Armando Verdiglione), Lacan recommended that they create an Italian group, "including the principle of the pass for those who apply for it" (1982). In Italy the pass was thus proposed at the outset before the school was functioning.
On January 7 to 8, 1978, during the Deauville session on the pass experiment, Lacan heard much discussion on the value of the pass. He mostly heard objections to the procedure, notably from Ginette Raimbault and Serge Leclaire. So he closed the session with these words: "I had wanted to hear testimonials about how it's working. And obviously I didn't hear any. The pass really is a complete failure" (Lettres de l'école, April 1978).
Lacan's declaration that the pass was a failure seemed to indicate that it is impossible to pinpoint within the analytic situation the passage from analysand to analyst. Thus analysts must resort to the other way of recognizing a psychoanalyst, namely an ability to maintain the analytic position as verified by a supervised analysis. This leads to the hypothesis that one is an analyst only in the analytic situation.
Bibliography
Lacan, Jacques. (1970). Discours prononcé par J. Lacan le 6 décembre 1967 à l'École Freudienne de Paris. Scilicet, 2-3, 9-29.
——. (1977). Sur la passe. Ornicar? 12-13.
——. (1982). Note italienne. Ornicar? 25, 7-10.
——. (1995). Proposition of 9 October 1967 on the psychoanalyst of the school. (Russell Grigg, Trans.). Analysis, 6, 1-13. (Original work published 1968)
Perrier, François. (1994). La chaussée d'Antin (new ed.). Paris: Albin Michel.
—JACQUES SÉDAT
As a verb, to utter or pronounce, as when the court passes sentence upon a prisoner. Also to proceed; to be rendered or given, as when judgment is said to pass for the plaintiff in a suit.
In legislative parlance, a bill or resolution is said to pass when it is agreed to or enacted by the house, or when the body has sanctioned its adoption by the requisite majority of votes; in the same circumstances, the body is said to pass the bill or motion.
When an auditor appointed to examine any accounts certifies to their correctness, she is said to pass them; i.e., they pass through the examination without being detained or sent back for inaccuracy or imperfection.
The term also means to examine anything and then authoritatively determine the disputed questions that it involves. In this sense a jury is said to pass upon the rights or issues in litigation before them.
In the language of conveyancing, the term means to move from one person to another; i.e. to be transferred or conveyed from one owner to another.
To publish; utter; transfer; circulate; impose fraudulently. This is the meaning of the word when referring to the offense of passing counterfeit money or a forged paper.
As a noun, permission to pass; a license to go or come; a certificate, emanating from authority, wherein it is declared that a designated person is permitted to go beyond certain boundaries that, without such authority, he could not lawfully pass. Also a ticket issued by a railroad or other transportation company, authorizing a designated person to travel free on its lines, between certain points or for a limited time.
(DOD) 1. A short tactical run or dive by an aircraft at a target. 2. A single sweep through or within firing range of an enemy air formation.
We may pass violets looking for roses. We may pass contentment looking for victory.
— Bern Williams
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Dansk (Danish)
1.
v. intr. - passere, gå, køre, foregå, forløbe, gå over, blive, gælde
v. tr. - passere, bevæge sig, lade gå rundt, sende videre, tilbringe, bestå
n. - passage, situation, fribillet, buskort, aflevering
idioms:
2.
n. - pas
idioms:
Nederlands (Dutch)
passeren, voorbijgaan, inhalen, slagen, doorbrengen, een pass geven, gebeuren, aanreiken, uitspraak doen, geaccepteerd worden, wet (doen) aannemen, slijten (gevoelens), (doen) circuleren, zijn beurt voorbij laten gaan, pas, pasje (voor openbaar vervoer etc.), schriftelijke toestemming voor verlof, pass, voldoende, passe (schermen), jongleertruc, passage
Français (French)
1.
v. intr. - (fig) passer (une crise), disparaître, passer (à), être échangé (entre), (Sport) passer, (fig) céder (à), se passer (littér), réussir, passer pour, (US, Jur) se prononcer (sur), (Chim) se transformer (en)
v. tr. - franchir, passer devant, dépasser (un véhicule), dépasser (des espoirs), passer, faire passer, (Sport) passer (la balle), passer (le temps), réussir (un examen), passer (qch) avec succès, admettre (un candidat), approuver (une facture), adopter (une loi), prononcer (un verdict), (Méd) uriner, (US, Fin) escamoter (un dividende)
n. - laisser-passer, coupe-file, permission, (Mil) sauf-conduit, carte d'abonnement, (École, Univ) moyenne, (Sport) passe, botte (d'escrime), (Aviat) à basse altitude
idioms:
2.
n. - (Géog) col, cours d'eau
idioms:
Deutsch (German)
1.
v. - passieren, geschehen, reichen, verkünden, vergehen, ableben, übergehen, durchgehen, vorbeigehen, vorbeifahren, überschreiten, durchkommen, angenommen werden, zuspielen
n. - Paß, Ausweis, Passierschein, Bestehen, Ausfall, Freikarte, Ballabgabe, Geste, Annäherungsversuch
idioms:
2.
n. - Paß, Ausweis, Passierschein, Bestehen, Ausfall, Freikarte, Ballabgabe, Geste, Annäherungsversuch
idioms:
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (άδεια για) διάβαση, πέρασμα ή διέλευση, δελτίο, εισιτήριο ελευθέρας εισόδου, "πάσο", βάση βαθμολογίας, "καλώς", (στο μπριτζ κ.λπ.) πάσο, (αθλοπ.) πάσα, στενό πέρασμα, ερωτική πρόταση
v. - περνώ, διαβαίνω, διέρχομαι, ανταλλάσσω (χαιρετισμό κ.λπ.), προσφέρω, λέω, υπερβαίνω, ξεπερνώ, προσπερνώ, μεταβιβάζω, διαβιβάζω, δίνω, περνώ (χρόνο), εγκρίνω, μεταβαίνω, κυκλοφορώ, προβιβάζω/-ομαι, περνώ, επιτυγχάνω, συμβαίνω, συντελούμαι, (αθλοπ.) μεταβιβάζω (κν. πασάρω, δίνω πάσα), επιψηφίζω, υπερψηφίζω
int. - άλε-όπ!, (πάω) πάσο
idioms:
Italiano (Italian)
passare, attraversare, andar oltre, porgere, accadere, trascorrere, superare, sorpassare, finire, permesso, passo, sufficienza, passaggio
idioms:
Português (Portuguese)
n. - passe (m), permissão (f), passagem (f), desfiladeiro (m), bilhete (m), aprovação (f)
v. - passar, morrer, acontecer, cessar, ser aprovado
int. - passa
idioms:
Русский (Russian)
пройти, сдать, передать, пропустить, превратиться, произойти, пропуск, ущелье, пас
idioms:
Español (Spanish)
1.
v. intr. - acaecer, acontecer, ocurrir, transcurrir, desaparecer, moverse, trasladarse, andar, correr, extenderse, morir, dar una estocada, irse, disiparse
v. tr. - pasar, cruzar, atravesar, alcanzar, entregar, adelantar, dictar, exceder, rebasar, pasar por delante, aprobar, hacer un pase, llevar a cabo, realizar
n. - pase, permiso, puerto, paso, nota suficiente, suficiente, aprobado, llevar a cabo
idioms:
2.
n. - paso, dique o represa para pescar
idioms:
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - passage, (bergs-)pass, passning (sport), godkännande (i examen), pass(dokument), närmande, stöt, (kritiskt) tillstånd/läge
v. - passera, gå (tid), överlämna, gälla, uppfattas som, antas, avge (dom), passa, tillbringa, släppa, prångla ut, föra, dra
int. - pass!
中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
经过, 流通, 变化, 越过, 穿过, 传递, 超出, 超越, 传达, 护照, 通行证, 入场证
idioms:
中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
v. intr. - 經過, 流通, 變化
v. tr. - 經過, 越過, 穿過, 傳遞, 超出, 超越, 傳達
n. - 穿過, 經過, 護照, 通行證, 入場證
idioms:
한국어 (Korean)
1.
v. intr. - 지나가다, 추월하다, 경과하다, 합격하다
v. tr. - 통과하다, 빠져 나가다, 지내다, 넘겨주다
n. - 통행, 입장허가
idioms:
2.
n. - 관통로, 수로
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 入場許可証, 無料乗車券, 合格, 普通及第, 山道, 手の動き, パス, フォアボール
v. - 通る, 通っている, 通り過ぎる, 追い越す, 合格する, 過ぎる, 消えうせる, 通過する, 渡る, 渡す, 伝わる, 手渡す, 通す, なる, 通用する, 可決する
idioms:
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) طريق, مجاز, موقع حصين, إجازة, تحريك اليدين فوق شيء, طعنه, بطاقه أو تذكرة مجانيه (فعل) يمر, يرحل, ينتقل إلى, يتخلى عن, يفوق, يتجاوز, يقضي, ينفق (نداء) تعبير في لعبه البريدج, تعبير يعني : لا شكرا
עברית (Hebrew)
v. intr. - עבר, חלף, קרה, נגמר, בילה זמן, שינה צורה, נפוץ, הצליח במבחן
v. tr. - עבר, העביר, אישר, נתן, עשה צרכיו, השמיע (פסק-דין), הצעיד חיילים
n. - מעבר, הצלחה במבחן, מצב, תעודת מעבר, מסירת כדור, תנועת-יד, פסק, להטוט, אישור יציאה לאחר תפקיד, אישור-כניסה
n. - מנהרה או מעבר בשטח הררי, מעבר לדגים בסכר או מעליו
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